Peds Pulmonary Notes

Difference between neonatal airway vs adult
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Terms in this set (36)
Difference between neonatal airway vs adult
smaller and more narrow
nose breathers
harder to intubate because airway is floppier
watch for edema, can escalate quickly
respiratory assessment inspection
nasal flaring
retractions
grunting
diaphoresis
cyanosis
positioning
early signs of respiratory distress
increased work of breathing
airway clearing issues
abnormal labs
late signs of respiratory distress
decreased RR
Low ox sat
worrisome findings of respirations
increased respiratory effort (tachypnea, accessory muscles, restractions)
abnormal lung sounds (wheezing)
abnormal airway clearance (stridor)
hypoxic respiratory failure
inadequate oxygenation (not enough oxygen to tissues)
hypercarbic respiratory failure
inadequate ventilation (too much CO2 in the blood)
types of pulmonary disorders
upper airway and lower airway
laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
infection of the upper airway (larynx, trachea, subglottis; sometimes bronchi)
laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) common cause
Parainfluenza type I, II, or III
laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) symptomsbarking cough stridor hoarse voice rhinorrhealaryngotracheobronchitis (croup) treatmentsupport (positioning and IV fluids), cool humidification (helps with airway clearance and cough), antipyretic, encourage PO fluids +/ IV isotonic fluidsepiglottitisinflammation and edema of the epiglottis that causes airway obstructionepiglottitis causesbacterial infection (strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, H influenzae - type b)epiglottitis symptomsstridor severe sore throat drooling due to difficult and painful swallowing tripod position fever anxiety, restlessepiglottitis treatmentkeep patient calm, airway maintenance, IV antibiotics, steroids, hydrationforeign body ingestion begins6 months to 3 years of ageif child swallows battery, what symptoms are presentvomiting, refusal to eat/drink, gagging when attempting to eat/drinkRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause ofbronchiolitisRSV symptomsnasal discharge, cough, mild fever, dyspnea, nasal flaring, retractions, possible cyanosis, apnea in infants < 3 monthsrsv managementmaintain airway patency respiratory isolation closely monitor respiratory statuspnuemoniainflammation of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces in the lungspneumonia is caused byviral and strep pneumoniae in preschool-aged and mycoplasma pneumoniae in older childrenpneumonia symptomsfever, cough, mucous production, mild/moderate cyanosisasthmaA chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the bronchial tubesasthma is the most commonchronic disease in childhoodasthma's inflammation causesexcessive reaction of the airway then causes obstruction by mucous formation, edema, and airway muscle contractionhistamines in asthma causebronchospasm, mucosal edema, mucous secretions which can lead to airway remodelingintermittent asthmasymptoms <2x/week during the day or nightmild persistent asthmaepisoders >2x/ week, but less than daily; night episodes 1-2x monthmoderate persistent asthmadaily symptoms with nighttime symptoms 3-4x monthsevere persistent asthmaseveral daytime symptoms, nighttime symptoms >1x /week , up to and including daily; activity is extremely limitedcystic fibrosisprogressive genetic disorder of the exocrine and endocrine glands resulting in physiologic alterations in the respiratory, GI, integumentary, and reproductive systemswhat happens in cystic fibrosisimpairment of chloride-ion transport across epithelial cells >60 reduces the flow of water in cell membranesmost common cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis issecondary infections (bacterial)CF medicationsInhaled Bronchodilators Inhaled Steroids Inhaled mucolytics Corticosteroids Antibiotics (PO, IV, inhaled) Pancreatic enzymes Multivitamins (ADEK) Lactulose Ursodeoxycholate (ursodiol)