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cardiac peds lecture notes

Terms in this set (41)

PDA and PFO are the two most
common congenital heart defects
what is CHD
structural problems arising from abnormal formation of the heart or major blood vessels
most common cause of infant mortality is from a
congenital abnormality
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
which conditions cause increase pulmonary blood flow
PDA
AV Canal
ASD/VSD
Ventricular septal defect
large hole between two ventricles that causes left to right shunting which then causes oxygenated blood to pool over in the pulms
av canal
large hole in the center of the heart where walls of the atria and ventricle meet
av canal is often found in children who have
down syndrome, trisomy-21
in av canal, oxygen rich and poor blood
mix and because of the gap, blood pools in the ventricles making the heart work harder causing extra blood flow to go into the lungs
left heart obstructive defects
Coarc Ao
IAA
Ao stenosis
HLHS
heart defects that cause decreased pulmonary blood flow (right heart obstructive)
Pulm stenosis
tricuspid atresia
TOF
heart defects that cause a mix of increased/decreased pulm blood flow
TGA
Truncus arteriosus
TAPVR
Coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta causing a decrease in blood flow
which heart defects requires upper extremity and lower extremity of blood pressure
coarctation of the aorta
why does coarctation of the aorta result in difference in systolic BP in UE and LE?
there is an increase in blood flow to the upper portion of the body, but decreases in the lower portion resulting in bounding upper pulse, decreased or nonpalpable lower pulses
aortic valve stenosis
narrowing of aortic valve causing an obstruction of blood flow to the systemic circulation. left to right shunting
in aortic valve stenosis, SVR is
extremely high because blood pools in the left ventricle unable to push blood out effectively due to the narrowing of the aortic valve
tricuspid atresia
absence of tricuspid valve which causes an obstruction between the RA and RV
what other defects can occur in tricuspid atresia
ASD/VSD
In tricuspid atresia, children may look
cyanotic because mixed blood goes into the systemic vascular system, which can also be deoxygenated blood
why are prostaglandins helpful in IAA
prostaglandins are helpful in slowing the closure of the ductus arteriosus or keeping it open. This causes a right to left shunting helps oxygen rich blood to flow to the lower part of the body
why are prostaglandins helpful in tricuspid atresia
helps to dilate the ductus arteriosus with resultant augmentation of pulmonary blood flow and improvement in systemic arterial oxygen saturation
interrupted aortic arch
aorta doesn't form completely
in interrupted aortic arch, what is affected
circulation of legs and belly
Tetrology of Fallot
congenital heart defect with 4 components
what 4 heart defects are involved in tetralogy of fallot?
overriding of aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
ventricular septal defect
pulmonic stenosis.
Creates loud ejection murmur
tet spells
results from a transient increase in resistance to blood flow to the lungs with increased preferential flow of desaturated blood to the body. Older children will often squat during a tet spell, which increases systemic vascular resistance and allows for a temporary reversal of the shunt.
Tet spells are characterized by
a sudden, marked increase in cyanosis followed by syncope, and may result in hypoxic brain injury and death.
why does the squatting position help with TOF
it increases systemic vascular resistance and allows for a temporary reversal of the shunt.
which position helps with TOF
Knee to chest fetal position (squatting)
Transposition of the great vessels
the aorta is attached to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to the left ventricle
in TGA, the coronary arteries receive
deoxygenated blood and the body too. There is a left to right shunt needed
In TGA, there needs to be
PDA or ASD in order for rich oxygenated blood to be received through the body
truncus arteriosus
The PA & aorta are combined into one large vessel
as a child ages with truncus arteriosus, blood pressure
in the lung drop due to too much blood going into the lungs
in truncus arteriosus, what other heart defect could there be
VSD, which cause blood to mix
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
mitral valve is too small or lose completely. same for L ventricle and aortic valve. an ASD is present
treatment for HLHS
right side pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood goes to the veins and lungs and bypasses the heart through surgery. prostaglandins are needed
double outlet right ventricle
The pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the right ventricle.
double outlet right ventricle treatment
VSD can be created so blood can mix
single ventricle
a congenital anomaly in which there are two atria but only one ventricular chamber, which receives both the mitral and tricuspid valves
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