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Chapter 13 SOCL120 OER WITH WORKBOOK

Terms in this set (40)

Church
large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that is closely integrated into the larger society
Credential society
a society in which eligibility for work is dependent upon the attainment of a degree or diploma
Conflict theory on education
education promotes social inequality through the use of tracking, standardized testing and the hidden curriculum
Conflict theory on religion
Religion reinforces and promotes social inequality by convincing lower status groups to accept the status quo
Cult
a small religious organization that is at great odds with the norms and values of the larger society
Debunking motif
looking beyond the on-the-surface understandings of social reality and recognizing the value of alternative sociological understandings
De facto segregation
segregation not mandated by law, rather it is driven by demographic patterns
De jure segregation
segregation mandated by law (e.g., the South prior to 1954)
Denomination
large, bureaucratic religious organization that is closely integrated into the larger society but is not a formal part of the state
Ecclesia
large, bureaucratic religious organization that is a formal part of the state and has most or all of a state's citizens as its members
Education
a social institution through which a society teaches its members the skills, knowledge, norms, and values they need to learn to become good, productive members of their society
Faith
an acceptance of religious mysteries that defy common sense, logic or science
Formal education
often referred to as schooling, and as this term implies, it occurs in schools under teachers, principals and other specially trained professionals
Functionalist theory on education
education serves functions for society, including socialization, social integration, social placement and social and cultural innovation
Functionalist theory on religion
religion serves functions for society, including giving meaning and purpose to life, reinforcing social unity and stability, serving as an agent of social control, promoting physical and psychological well-being and motivating people to work for social change
Grade Inflation
a practice of awarding students higher grades than they have earned
Hidden curriculum
what conflict theorists call part of the schooling process that gets children accept, without questioning the dominant cultural values of the society in which the schools are found
Informal education
may occur almost anywhere, but for young children it has traditionally occurred primarily in the home, with their parents as their instructors
Matriculation
enrolling in a college or university
Monotheism
religious belief in only one god
New religious movement
a small religious organization that is greatly at odds with the norms and values of the larger society
Polytheism
religious belief in two or more gods
Profane beliefs
beliefs about things that are associated with daily life, and have no religious connotation
Religion
a set of beliefs and practices regarding sacred things that help a society understand the meaning and purpose of life
Religiosity
the significance of religion in a person's life
Religious affiliation
a term that can mean actual membership in a church or synagogue, or just a stated identification with a particular religion whether or not someone actually belongs to a local house of worship
Religious conservatism
a doctrine combining religious and political beliefs which emphasizes traditional beliefs and practices
Rituals
stylized and formal procedures, such as prayers, burning incense or saying chants
Sacred beliefs
beliefs about things that are supernatural and awe-inspiring
Sect
relatively small religious organization that has splintered off from another religion, that is not closely integrated into the larger society and that often conflicts with at least some of its norms and values
Secularization
the weakening importance of religion in a society, as it plays less of a role in people's lives, as they are less guided in their daily behavior by religious beliefs
Self-fulfilling prophecy
a false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the originally false conception come true
Social and cultural innovation
important scientific discoveries and great works of art, poetry, and prose
Social integration
teaching student a common set of beliefs and values
Socialization
the process by which we learn our culture
Social Networks
the totality of relationships that link us to other people and groups and through them to still other people and other groups
Social placement
the placement students by teachers and other school officials either as bright and motivated or as less bright and even educationally challenged
Symbolic interaction theory on education
social interaction in schools affects the development of gender roles and teachers' expectations of students' intellectual abilities affect how much pupils learn
Symbolic interaction theory on religion
beliefs and practices are sacred only when people regard them as such, and once they are regarded as such, beliefs and practices take on special significance and give meaning to people's lives
Zero sum game
a situation where one group's gain necessarily means another group's loss
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