Personality M/C Exam

Personality is defined as:

- our interaction patterns in various settings.
- how we respond to our environment in different situations.
- an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
- a set of attitudes that define behavior.
- the predictable way of responding to stimuli.
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 40
Terms in this set (40)
Personality is defined as:

- our interaction patterns in various settings.
- how we respond to our environment in different situations.
- an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
- a set of attitudes that define behavior.
- the predictable way of responding to stimuli.
- an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Personality is defined as patterns of responding in regards to thinking, feeling, and acting that are consistent across a variety of situations.
Neo-Freudian Karen Horney, disputed Freud's notion that women:

- suffer an Electra complex.
- have weak superegos.
- often experience learned helplessness.
- never experience a phallic stage of development.
- have stronger sexual instincts than men.
- have weak superegos.

Neo-Freudian Karen Horney rejected many of Freud's notions including that women had weak superegos.
According to the psychoanalytic perspective the behavior of a newborn is controlled by:

- the superego.
- the libido.
- the reality principle.
- the id.
- the ego.
- the id.

The id represents the unconscious which is run by instant gratification. Babies are ruled by their id which is illustrated by their need for instant gratification.
Some critics of the humanistic perspective suggest this theory fails to appreciate the reality of human capacity for:

- love.
- negativity.
- empathy.
- laziness.
- evil.
- evil.

While humanism focuses on one's potential to grow it is naive in the sense it often ignores evil.
Aria believes the root of all behavior comes from the unconscious. She is most likely in support of the ___________ theory of personality.

- trait
- humanistic
- cognitive
- psychoanalytic
- social-cognitive
- psychoanalytic

The heart of the psychoanalytic theory explains behavior in terms of the unconscious.
Which of the following personality assessments classifies people according to Carl Jung's personality types?

- TAT
- MMPI
- Rorschach Inkblot test
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- Locus of Control Scale
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The purpose of the Myers-Briggs personality inventory is to make the theory of Carl Jung understandable in people's lives.
The lifelong process of striving to fulfill one's potential is called: ______________.

- self-actualization.
- humanism.
- psychic determinism.
- sublimation.
- potential selfism.
- self-actualization.

According to Abraham Maslow we are all trying to achieve self-actualization.
Jesse typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Joey usually becomes agitated. The reactions of Jesse and Joey indicate that each has a distinctive:

- reaction formation.
- personality.
- collective unconscious.
- Oedipus complex.
- self-serving bias.
- personality.

Personality is one's characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, or behaving.
The humanistic perspective on psychology focuses on:

- emphasizes the growth of what is considered "psychologically healthy" individuals.
- emphasizing the driving force of the unconscious motivations in personality.
- emphasize the importance of biology in shaping personality.
- emphasizes the importance of childhood on personality development.
- emphasizes the importance of individual traits in shaping personality.
- emphasizes the growth of what is considered "psychologically healthy" individuals.

Humanistic psychologists brought attention to the growth potential of psychologically healthy people.
Denton is very rigid about the organization of his office and becomes upset if anything becomes off schedule. Freud would say that Denton has a(n) ___________ fixation.

- oral
- phallic
- latent
- anal
- genital
- anal

Not appropriately resolving the anal stage of development often results in excessive cleanliness and neatness and an obsession with schedules.
Which of the following describes a major criticism of the trait theory? - It overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations. - It places too great an emphasis on early childhood and the unconscious. - It places too great an emphasis on cognition. - It places too great an emphasis on archetypes. - It underestimates the importance of the influence of heredity on behavior.- It overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations. In it's overestimation of the consistency of behavior in different situations the trait theory underestimates the influence of the environment.Which of the following would likely be utilized by a trait theorist to assess personality? - naturalistic observation - an experiment - a personality inventory - a projective test - free association- a personality inventory A trait theorist would most likely utilize a personality inventory like the Big Five to assess personality.Denise believes that there is no point to studying for her course exams because they are unrelated to the coursework she is studying. Denise is illustrating: - an external locus of control. - the spotlight effect. - the Barnum effect - reciprocal determinism. - the false consensus effect.- an external locus of control. When a person has an external locus of control they believe that chance or outside forces beyond your control determine your fate.According to Bandura's external locus of control reciporical, an external locus of control refers to a(n): - environmental factor. - defense mechanism. - Behavior. - genetic predisposition. - cognitive factor.- cognitive factor. External locus of control refers to one's perception of control over his or her environment.Dawn was upset with her teacher after receiving an F on her latest term paper. Once she got home she kicked her car several times. Dawn is using which of the following defense mechanisms? - sublimation - denial - regression - reaction formation - displacement- displacement Displacement states that we shift the reaction or source of anger to a safer or more acceptable source.The Big Five Personality Factors are: - emotional stability, openness, introversion, sociability, locus of control - neuroticism, gregariousness, extroversion, impulsiveness, conscientiousness - emotional stability, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness - emotional stability, anxiety, neuroticism, agreeableness, extroversion - neuroticism, extroversion, openness, emotional stability, sensitivity- emotional stability, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness The Big Five includes: emotional stability, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness. It can be remembered by the following acronym CANOE or OCEAN.April went to the mall and bought a new shirt. Upon handing her change the clerk gave her a $10 instead of a $5 dollar bill. April immediately corrected the clerk and handed the $10 back. According to Freud April is functioning on her: - ego. - id. - character. - superego. - conscious.- superego. The superego is the part of personality that acts as a moral conscience.Tests that measure what they say they are going to measure have _____________. - precision - reliability - consistency - predictive value - Validity- Validity Validity is the characteristic of a test that involves the test measuring what it is supposed to measure.Ian attributed his failing grade to his teacher's unfair grading system. His attitude illustrates: - unconditional positive regard. - conditional regard. - an internal locus of control. - self-serving bias. - an external locus of control.- self-serving bias. Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute positive events to one's self and negative events to outward stimuli or the environment.According to Freud, _____________ is the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their ___________. - identification; id - identification; egos - identification; superegos - reaction formation; superegos - reaction formation; egos- identification; superegos Freud believed that children learned to form their identity from their same sex parent.Id is to ego as _________is to__________. - driving factor; motivating factor - conscience; "personality executive" - conscious forces; unconscious forces - pleasure principle; reality principle - reality principle; pleasure principle- pleasure principle; reality principle The id is our hidden instincts and urges, while the ego mediates in reality.The perception that luck determines one's fate reflects: - an external locus of control. - the pleasure principle. - reciprocal determinism. - the spotlight effect. - self-serving bias.- an external locus of control. An external locus of control describes feelings that you have no control over the environment.According to Carl Rogers and the Humanistic Theory of Personality which of the following conditions are the most important in promoting the growth of a psychologically healthy individual? - high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance - genuineness, high self-esteem, and sincerity - genuineness, acceptance, and empathy - honesty, sincerity, empathy - high self-esteem, empathy, sincerity- genuineness, acceptance, and empathy Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of genuineness, acceptance, and empathy in personality.Students who cheat or plagiarize their work are especially likely to think many others do as well. This false consensus effect is most similar to Freud's concept of: - displacement. - regression. - reaction formation. - projection. - displacement.- projection. Projection is when one disguises threatening impulses by projecting them onto others.The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n): - projective personality test. - a personality assessment used to assess levels of personal control. - empirically derived and objective personality test. - a personality test developed mainly to assess job applicants. - is a personality assessment used to assess traits.- empirically derived and objective personality test. The MMPI is the most widely used adult personality inventory.Which of the following statements illustrate criticisms of the humanistic perspective? - All of the above include common criticisms. - Humanists overlook the reality of evil in human behavior. - The concepts are vague and subjective. - It is difficult to find self-actualized people. - The emphasis on self encourages selfishness.- All of the above include common criticisms. The humanistic perspective is criticized on being to vague and subjective. Its values are Western and self-centered, and it is too optimistic.Which of the following is low self-esteem associated with? - unhappiness - an internal locus of control - unconditional positive regard - self-serving bias - extraversion- unhappiness Someone with low self-esteem is also likely to experience unhappiness.Which of the following illustrates the correct order sequence of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages of development? - anal; oral; phallic; latency; genital - oral; anal; genital; latency; phallic - phallic; genial; latency; oral; anal - oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital - anal; oral; genital; latency; phallic- oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital The correct sequences for Freud's stages of psychosexual development are: oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital.Carl Jung extended Freud's view of the unconscious and gave us the idea of a collective unconscious. He believed this unconscious house universal images called ___________. - pictograms - archetypes - symbols - icons - emblems- archetypes Jung believed that archetypes were ancient memories that reside in the collective unconscious.The Neo-Freudians moved away from many of Freud's ideas because they believed that: - Freud focused to much emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts. - Freud's ideas about the id, ego, and the superego were incorrect. - Freud placed too much emphasis on how adulthood shaped personality. - Freud's theory focused too much on conscious decisions. - Freud's idea of the unconscious was incorrect.- Freud focused to much emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts. While the Neo-Freudians agreed with Freud on many of his tenets they disagreed on the amount of emphasis that he places on sexual and aggressive instincts.One who is considered helpful and trustworthy would rank high on the Big Five dimension known as: - openness. - conscientiousness. - agreeableness. - emotional stability. - extraversion.- agreeableness. Agreeableness is characterized as someone who is soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful.Adam is described as having a biting sarcastic personality. According to Freud, Adam is: - repressing feelings of inferiority. - projecting his anxiety onto others. - fixated at the oral stage of development. - fixated in the anal stage of development. - displacing his emotions onto others.- fixated at the oral stage of development. If the oral stage of development is not resolved positively it could lead to a later oral fixation. This would be an unconscious obsession with the mouth illustrated by chewing, sarcasm, smoking, or eating.When a person attempts to alleviate stress by changing a stressor directly or how they interact with it, it is called: - problem-focused coping. - managing rather than coping with stress. - emotion-focused coping. - hypochrondriasis. - physiological coping.- problem-focused coping. In problem-focused coping targets stress in practical ways, thus reducing the stress.Each semester Cheyanne does not study and waits until right before finals to try and catch up to pass her exam. She works non-stop to learn the material, which in turn makes her sick, most likely because she is in the ___________ phase of the ___________. - exhaustion; general adaptation syndrome - alarm; post-traumatic stress syndrome - exhaustion; post-traumatic stress syndrome - depletion; post-traumatic stress syndrome - resistance; general adaptation syndrome- resistance; general adaptation syndrome According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, diseases are most likely to occur in this final stage.Intelligence tests that yield a bell shaped curve are a graphic representation of: - the g factor. - a normal distribution. - heritability estimate. - savant syndrome - factor analysis.- a normal distribution. A normal distribution is often referred to as a bell curve because it illustrates rare occurrences of traits on both ends with the majority of occurrences in the middle.Which of the following statements would be true of an assessment that yields similar results but does not test what it is supposed to test? - The assessment is reliable but not valid. - The assessment is valid but not reliable. - You cannot determine if the assessment is valid or reliable. - The assessment is both valid and reliable. - The assessment is neither valid or reliable.- The assessment is reliable but not valid. Validity is the extent to which a test measure or predicts what it is supposed to and reliability describes the extent to which a test yields consistent results.Encoding by meaning is called: - mnemonic encoding - automatic processing - semantic encoding - long-term potentiation - rehearsal- semantic encoding Semantic encoding is processing sensory information through its meaning.Chunking is a mnemonic device that involves: - the combined use of automatic and effortful processing to ensure the retention of unfamiliar information. - getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery. - the organization of information into meaningful units. - the tendency to recall best the first item in a list. - the unconscious encoding of incidental information.- the organization of information into meaningful units. Chunking is a psychological mnemonic trick in which large items are grouped together in order to remember more.The type of bias that makes us believe we knew the outcome of an event that has already taken place after the fact is called ______________ bias. - expectancy - hindsight - personal - selection - confirmation- hindsight Hindsight bias is the tendency, after the fact to believe that we knew the outcome of an event/situation all along.When watching an expert solve a rubix cube, people underestimate how difficult the process really is. This best illustrates: - the placebo effect. - the false consensus effect. - overconfidence. - wording effects. - illusory correlation.- overconfidence. Overconfidence is the tendency to think we know more than we do.