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Additional ASRT questions

Terms in this set (195)

All of the following are considered portions of the small intestine EXCEPT the :

A. Jejunum
B. Cecum
C. Ileum
D. Duodenum
B. Cecum
____ shock is caused by a loss of blood or tissue fluid.

A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
C. Neurogenic
D. Vasogenic
A. Hypovolemic
Paraphrasing is important when communicating with a patient because it:

A. helps the patient practice their listening skills
B. helps with problem-solving to determine the patient's chief complaint
C. verifies that the health care provider understands the patient
D. is useful for charting purposes
C. verifies that the health care provider understands the patient
All of the following are considered fluoroscopy viewing systems EXCEPT FOR:

A. image intensifiers
B. cathode ray tube monitors
C. liquid crystal displays
D. plasma monitors
A. image intensifiers
What instructions for respiration are given to a patient when obtaining an image of lower ribs with an anteroposterior (AP) projection?

A. shallow breathing
B. normal breathing
C. full expiration
D. full inspiration
C. full expiration
Protective shielding is effective in attenuating the x-ray beam due to _____ interactions.

A. pair production
B. Compton
C. coherent
D. photoelectric
D. photoelectric
A male technologist arrives at a patient's room for a portable lumbar spine radiograph, but the patient refuses the examination, stating that only a female can enter the room to perform any examination. The MOST appropriate course of action for the technologist is this situation is to:

A. immediately leave the patient's room and continue to the next patient
B. tell the patient she has no choice on who conducts the examination
C. cancel the patient's examination
D. notify the radiology supervisor of the patient's request so that a female technologist can perform the examination
D. notify the radiology supervisor of the patient's request so that a female technologist can perform the examination
When acquiring images of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), the patient can close the mouth and keep the posterior teeth in contact. Images then can be acquired with the patient's mouth open. The _____ patient population is contraindicated for the open-mouth portion of the examination.

A. pediatric
B. trauma
C. geriatric
D. contact precautin
B. trauma
Which of the following acute radiation syndromes has a threshold of 50 Gy?

A. gastrointestinal syndrome
B. central nervous system syndrome
C. hemopoietic syndrome
D. reproductive syndrome
B. central nervous system syndrome
For an AP oblique projection of the acetabulum using the Judet method, the radiographer should rotate the patient ____ and direction the central ray ____.

A. 30 degrees; 45 degrees cephalad
B. 45 degrees; perpendicular to the image receptor
C. 25 degrees to 30 degrees; perpendicular to the image receptor
D. 45 degrees caudad
C. 25 degrees to 30 degrees; perpendicular to the image receptor
The quality, wavelength, and frequency of the x-ray photon is controlled by the:

A. kVp
B. mAs
C. tube current
D. filament circuit
A. kVp
The large intestine is positioned low in the abdomen and folds on itself in a person with a(n) _____ body habitus

A. asthenic
B. hyposthenic
C. sthenic
D. hypersthenic
A. asthenic
If all other factors remain constant in intensified fluoroscopy, the shift of the focal point toward the input phosphor:

A. increases image brightness
B. increases the number of electrons created
C. improves image contrast
D. magnifies the image
D. magnifies the image
After completing an AP shoulder examination, the radiographer sees the greater tubercle superimposed partially on the humeral head. The humerus was positioned for this radiograph in

A. external rotation
B. neutral rotation
C. internal rotation
D. anterior position
B. neutral rotation
A patient is admitted to the hospital and after initial assessment has been determined to be a fall risk. What are some steps to take to ensure the patient's safety?
1. patient education 2. using lift devices when transferring the patient 3. using identification systems to alert staff

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
The ejection of electrons as a result of heating is known as:

A. thermal reactance
B. thermionic emission
C. heat-induced decay
D. thermal luminescence
B. thermionic emission
Which of the following is NOT a digestive accessory gland?

A. liver
B. gallbladder
C. pancreas
D. spleen
D. spleen
When imaging the sternum, the posteroanterior (PA) projection is preferred over the anteroposterior (AP) projection to:

A. increase patient comfort
B. reduce magnification of the part
C. minimize exposure to the gonads
D. reduce patient motion
B. reduce magnification of the part
If levels of C7 through T1 are NOT demonstrated on a lateral projection (Grandy/theod) of the cervical spine, a lateral projection using the ____ method/technique should be performed.

A. Ferguson
B. Fuchs
C. swimmer's
D. Ottonello
C. swimmer's
Image-intensification fluoroscopy reduces patient dose compared with non-intensified systems by:

A. amplifying the primary beam
B. amplifying exit radiation
C. amplifying image brightness
D. increasing recorded detail
C. amplifying image brightness
Which of the following is the LEAST desirable way to obtain a detailed patient history?

A,. open-ended questions
B. repeating information
C. leading questions
D. clarifying terms
C. leading questions
A primary protective barrier of ____ lead equivalent is required for an image intensifier unit.

A. 0.25 mm
B. 0.5 mm
C. 1.0 mm
D. 2.0 mm
D. 2.0 mm
How should the 15% rule be applied to reduce exposure to the patient while maintaining exposure to the image receptor?

A. Increase mAs by half and reduce kVp by 15%
B. Decrease mAs by half and increase kVp by 15%
C. Increase mAs by 15% and reduce kVp by half
D. Decrease mAs by 15% and increase kVp by half
B. Decrease mAs by half and increase kVp by 15%
When a patient is in a left lateral decubitus position for a double-contrast enema study, it is expected to see air (negative contrast) in the:

A. medical side of the ascending colon
B. lateral side of the ascending colon
C. lateral side of the descending colon
D. posterior portions of the colon
B. lateral side of the ascending colon
A patient's blood's pressure reads 160/75 on the sphygmomanometer. This reading would indicate that the patient could be:

A. hypertensive
B. hypotensive
C. bradycardic
D. tachycardic
A. hypertensive
All of the following are examples of postprocessing functions EXCEPT FOR:

A. edge enhancement
B. smoothing
C. electronic masking
D. automatic rescaling
D. automatic rescaling
When positioning an anteroposterior (AP) chest examination with a patient who is in a wheelchair, the tube window should be pointed toward:

A. a secondary barrier
B. the control booth
C. a primary barrier
D. the door
C. a primary barrier
A(n) ____ document dictates in advance how a patient would like to be treated if they become unable to make health care decisions.

A. legal tort
B. living will
C. safe harbor
D. informed consent
B. living will
Which of the following is a disadvantage of film-based dosimeters?

A. cost
B. temperature sensitivity
C. measurement of x- and gamma radiation
D. energy discrimination
B. temperature sensitivity
Gonadal shielding should be used whenever the primary beam is within ____ cm of the gonads.

A. 20
B. 15
C. 10
D. 5
D. 5
Grids should be used on parts that are:

A. 5cm or smaller
B. 5cm or larger
C. 10cm or smaller
D. 10cm or larger
D. 10 cm or larger
For an AP axial projection of the clavicle with the patient supine, the central ray should be angled:

A. 15 to 30 degrees cephalad
B. 30 to 45 degrees cephalad
C. 15 to 30 degrees caudad
D. 30 to 45 caudad
A. 15 to 30 degrees cephalad
A patient becomes severely agitated because he cannot understand instructions. The patient does not understand English, but the technologist has attempted to demonstrate what the patient needs to do with no success. The patient's younger sister is fluent in English and available in the waiting room. The BEST course of action is to:

A. continue with the examination, ignoring the patient's agitation
B. stop the examination and ask the patient's sister to serve as interpreter
C. speak to the patient in a slow and calming voice
D. seek qualified medical interpretation services
D. seek qualified medical interpretation services
The name of the person or entity responsible for the evaluation and maintenance of personnel dose limit reports in health care facilities is abbreviated as:

A. EPA
B. FDA
C. NCRP
D. RSO
D. RSO
The duty to tell the truth and avoid deception is:

A. nonmaleficence
B. beneficence
C. veracity
D. justice
C. veracity
____ is the radiation effect characterized by denudation of villi.

A. Hematopoietic syndrome
B. Gastrointestinal syndrome
C. Central nervous system syndrome
D. Epilation
B. Gastrointestinal syndrome
Decreased pixel density:

A. increases matrix size
B. increases contrast resolution
C. decreases spatial resolution
D. decreases pixel pitch
C. decreases spatial resolution
The forearm contains which of the following bones?
1. radius 2. ulna 3. scaphoid

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
A. 1 and 2
A radiologic technologist can implement radiation protection for a patient while imaging the upper extremities by using:

A. proper collimation and appropriate shielding
B. proper collimation and disregard for exposure indices
C. maximum mAs and appropriate shielding
D. maximum mAs and disregard for exposure indices
A. proper collimation and appropriate shielding
Access of information about one's own medical care, establishment of advance directives, and protection of privacy is information that can be found in the:

A. Health Insurance and Portability And Accountability Act (HIPPA)
B. Patient Care Partnership (also known as the Patient's Bill of Rights)
C. Joint Commission Act
D. Affordable Care Act
B. Patient Care Partnership (also known as the Patient's Bill of Rights)
The characteristic peak will shift to the left on an emission spectrum when:

A. the target material changed
B. the kVp is increased
C. the amount of filtration is altered
D. the mAs is decreased
A. the target material is changed
a 60-year-old female patient is suspected of having a left-sided pneumothorax. She is a trauma patient who is unable to stand. The ____ decubitus position of the ____ would be MOST helpful to demonstrate the pneumothorax.

A. right lateral; chest
B. left lateral ; chest
C. left lateral; abdomen
D. right lateral ; abdomen
A. right lateral; chest
A patient who is paraplegic with limited to no use of the lower legs needs assistance transferring from a wheelchair to the radiography table. The MOST appropriate transfer method would be the:

A. standby assist transfer
B. Assisted standing pivot transfer
C. 2-person lift
D. hydraulic lift
C. 2-person lift
The ____ projection best demonstrates the rectum in a contrast enema study.

A. right posterior oblique (RPO)
B. left posterior oblique (LPO)
C. left anterior oblique (LAO)
D. lateral
D. Lateral
Occupational exposure limits are based on the _____ response-dose relationship.

A. nonlinear, nonthreshold
B. nonlinear, threshold
C. linear, nonthreshold
D. linear, threshold
C. linear, nonthreshold
AP projections of the ankle using the stress method involve an AP projections with the ankle in a neutral position and 2 additional AP projections with the ankle and foot:

A. abducted and adducted
B. inverted and everted
C. dorsiflexed and plantar-flexed
D. flexed and extended
B. inverted and everted
Probabilistic effects also are referred to as ____ effects

A. opportunistic
B. non-stochastic
C. stochastic
D. deterministic
C. stochastic
The Gray (Gy) is the unit measure for:

A. absorbed dose
B. equivalent dose
C. effective dose
D. exposure
A. absorbed dose
The radiation fog displayed on images is MOST likely caused by a ____ x-ray interaction.

A. photoelectric
B. coherent
C. Compton
D. photdisintegration
C. Compton
An increase in kVP increases: 1. transmission 2. photoelectric effect 3. Compton scatter

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
The pubis forms ___ of the acetabulum

A. one-fifth
B. two-fifths
C. one-half
D. two-thirds
A. one-fifth
The inferior vertebral notch from a vertebra and the superior vertebral notch from the vertebra directly below form the _____ foramen

A. zygopophyseal
B. intervertebral
C. vertebral
D. transverse
B. intervertebral
The latent period of gastrointestinal syndrome lasts for approximately:

A. 1 to 3 hours
B. 3 to 5 days
C. 2 to 4 weeks
D. 1 to 2 months
B. 3 to 5 days
The purpose of the dose area product (DAP) meter is to:

A. measure patient dose
B. measure personnel dose
C. perform area monitoring functions
D. terminate exposure after a certain dose has been reached
A. measure patient dose
For both the PA and AP oblique projections of the wrist, the obliquity angle between the part and the image receptor is:

A. 45 degrees
B. 40 degrees
C. 35 degrees
D. 30 degrees
A. 45 degrees
A reduction in entrance skin exposure can be achieved in fluoroscopy procedures by:

A. reducing source-to-skin distance
B. decreasing filtration
C. resetting the cumulative timer
D. reducing input phosphor-to-skin distance
D. reducing input phosphor-to-skin distance
For radiographers, the primary biological risk from radiation exposure is:

A. carcinogenesis
B. erythema
C. cataractogensis
D. epilation
A. cacinogenesis
An order comes in for a PA axial, or Caldwell method, of the skull. The patient is supine and is wearing a cervical collar. The cervical collar. The patient's AML is perpendicular to the image receptor. Using the included table as a resource, the angle should be ____ in a ____ direction to compensate.

A. 33 degrees; caudal
B. 15 degrees cephalic
C. 48 degrees; caudal
D. 18 degrees; caudal
D. 18 degrees; caudal
Which of the following is FALSE regarding patient access to health records?

A. Patients have the right to a copy of their personal medical record
B. There are penalties for wrongful disclosure of individually identifiable information
C. A facility cannot prohibit patient access to their health care information
D. A facility has the right to require patient authorization to release information
C. A facility cannot prohibit patient access to their health care information
The interaction that occurs below 10 kEv that involves a single electron is called:

A. coherent scattering
B. Compton scattering
C. photoelectric absorption
D. pair production
A. coherent scattering
A histogram is used to determine the:

A. sampling frequency
B. pixel size
C. values of interest
D. bit depth
C. values of interest
An order requests AP and lateral projection elbow radiographs on a 40-year-old male trauma patient in the emergency department. Upon arrival at the bedside, is it clear the patient cannot fully extend the elbow for the AP image. The radiographer obtains a lateral projection and observes a radial neck fracture. The radiographer can address the AP projections by:

A. taking one AP image with the central ray centered at the middle of the elbow joint and the patient extending the elbow as much as he is comfortable doing.
B. forcing the patient's elbow into full extension and taping it to the image receptor
C. acquiring 2 AP projection images - one with humerus parallel to the image receptor and the other with the forearm parallel to the image receptor
D. skipping the AP projection because the radiologist can see the radial neck fractures form the lateral image
C. acquiring 2 AP projection images - one with humerus parallel to the image receptor and the other with the forearm parallel to the image receptor
The posterior side of the scapula is divided into 2 sections by the ____. The 2 sections are the supraspinatus fossa and the infraspinatus fossa - from which the correspondingly named muscles originate.

A. inferior border
B. medical border
C. scapular spine
D. lateral border
C. scapular spine
In computed radiography, the primary source of image noise is:

A. scatter radiation
B. inadequate sampling
C. the slow scan driver
D. light quanta emitted by the screen
A. scatter radiation
A patient's carpal bone is 6 inches form the image receptor and measures 2 inches on the first image. If the carpal bone remains 6 inches from the image receptor but the source-to-image distance is increased an additional 10 inches for the second image, the carpal will:

A. measure less than 2 inches and closer to actual size
B. measure more than 2 inches and closer to actual size
C. appear smaller than the actual size of the carpal bone
D. not change because SID does not relate to object size
A. measure less than 2 inches and closer to actual size
Of the following tarsal bones, which is located on the MOST lateral aspect of the foot?

A. navicular
B. cuboid
C. intermediate cuneiform
D. lateral cuneiform
B. cuboid
A modulation transfer function (MTF) of 1 indicates:

A. the modulation of the input signal is larger than the modulation of the output signal
B. that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the input and output signal is equal
C. the intensity and amplitude of the input and output signals is equal
D. the signal intensity output is equal to the noise intensity output
C. the intensity and amplitude of the input and output signals is equal
Anodes consist of all the following materials EXCEPT FOR:

A. tungsten
B. molybdenum
C. rhenium
D. nickel
D. nickel
A patient in a wheelchair states that he feels steady enough to transfer from the wheelchair to the table. The best method of transfer with the least amount of technologist movement is the:

A. standy assist transfer
B. assisted standing pivot transfer
C. 2-person lift
D. hydraulic lift
A. standby assist transfer
During C-arm fluoroscopy, which of the following actions reduce patient exposure?

A. placing the x-ray close to the patient
B. using an antiscatter grid
C. placing the x-ray tube farther from the patient
D. operating in high-level mode
C. placing the x-ray tube farther from the patient
When evaluating an abdominal image for rotation, technologists can use ____ as a radiographic checkpoint.

A. symmetry of the sternoclavicular joints
B. demonstration of the psoas muscles
C. demonstration of the public symphysis
D. symmetry of the iliac alae
D. symmetry of the iliac alae
The spinal needle used in myelography is placed in the ___ space.

A. subdural
B. subarachnoid
C. epidural
D. subpia mater
B. subarachnoid
Lead acrylic barriers must contain ___ lead per volume.

A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
C. 30%
The central ray placement for a lateral projection of the esophagus is on the ____ plane.

A. midsagittal
B. midcoronal
C. interiliac
D. occlusal
B. midcoronal
When operating fluoroscopic equipment in normal mode, the air kerma rate (AKR) shall not exceed:

A. 22 mGy/min
B. 44 mGy/min
C. 88 mGy/min
D. 176 mGy/min
C. 88 mGy/min
Which of the following is the BEST example of how a patient uses facial expression to express emotions?

A. yelling at the nurse
B. shaking a fist a a lab technician
C. wincing as the phlebotomist draws blood
D. shivering
C. wincing as the phlebotomist draws blood
On a submentovertical projection of the sinuses, which 2 sinuses are BEST displayed on the radiograph?

A. frontal and ethmoidal
B. ethmoidal and sphenoidal
C. frontal and sphenoidal
D. ethmoidal and maxillary
B. ethmoidal and sphenoidal
A transformer that has a greater number of turns in the secondary side will result in :

A. increased voltage
B. decreased voltage
C. increased amperage
D. decreased power
A. increased voltage
A patient is unable to read the instructions on an informed consent form. Staff should make sure the patient understands the instructions for the examination by:

A. asking the patient to repeat the instructions back in his or her own words
B. having the patient draw a diagram of the procedure
C. telling the patient to write down the instructions exactly as explained
D. canceling the examination if the patient cannot read
A. asking the patient to repeat the instructions back in his or her own words
The HVL for a 70 kVp beam is _____ of aluminum equivalent (Al/eq)

A. 1.3 mm
B. 1.5 mm
C. 2.3 mm
D. 2.5 mm
B. 1.5 mm
____ is a late somatic deterministic effect

A. chromosome aberration
B. cataractogensis
C. sterility
D. acute radiation syndrome
B. cataractogenesis
____ is the concept that grids are MOST effective within certain source-to-image distances (SIDs).

A. convergent line
B. convergent point
C. radius
D. focal range
D. focal range
Each kidney contains approximately ____ nephron units.

A. 100
B. 1,000
C. 100,000
D. 1,000,000
D. 1,000,000
Which of the following pathologies would require the greatest decrease in exposure factors to image?

A. hydrocephalus
B. osteoblastic metastases
C. osteopetrosis
D. emphysema
D. emphysema
The main positioning variant between the scapular Y, PA oblique projection of the should and the supraspinatus outlet tangential projections, or Neer method, of the shoulder is that the supraspinatus outlet has a:

A. perpendicular central ray
B. 10 t0 15 degree cephalad angle
C. 10 to 15 degree caudad angle
D. 45 degree caudad angle
C. 10 to 15 caudad angle
Which of the following carpals is MOST distal?

A. scaphoid
B. lunate
C. pisiform
D. capitate
D. capitate
Which of the following are advantages to using a fixed kVp/ variable mAs chart?
1. Part measures is not critical 2. Radiographic contrast is inherently short scale 3. The patient dose is lower

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
The image shown below demonstrates the technical problem:

A. quantum mottle
B. saturation
C. size distortion
D. motion
A. quantum mottle
For an AP axial projection, or modified Towne method, of the zygomatic arches, it is recommended that the patient be positioned with the orbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to the image receptor with a ____ angle.

A. 37 degree cephalic
B. 37 degree caudal
C. 30 degree cephalic
D. 30 degree caudal
D. 30 degree caudal
Data sampling results in ____ data.

A. analog
B. continuous
C. infinite
D. discrete
D. discrete
On a radiograph of an osteoporotic spine, image ____ is _____ compared with an image of a nonosteoporotic spine.

A. density; decreased
B. contrast; lower
C. contrast; higher
D. resolution; decreased
B. contrast; lower
The purpose of a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order is to prevent the:

A. initiation of CPR
B. insertion of a feeding tube
C. continuation of a patient's course of treatment
D. insertion of a central venous line
A. initiation of CPR
The ____ is the largest and strongest of the tarsal bones.

A. navicular
B. talus
C. calcaneus
D. cuboid
C. calcaneus
When acquiring a lateral image of the forearm, the central ray enters at the:

A. ulnar styloid process
B. radial head
C. olecranon process
D. midpoint of the forearm
D. midpoint of the forearm
In photostimulable phosphor plates, _____ is added to the barium fluorohalide crystals to serve as electron traps.

A. europlum
B. silicon
C. amorphous selenium
D. cesium iodide
A. europlum
Incoming line voltage is first adjusted by the:

A. Step-up transformer
B. Step-down transformer
C. Closed transformer
D. Autotransformer
D. Autotransformer
Collimator shutters are made of:

A. plastic
B. aluminum
C. lead
D. acrylic
D. acrylic
In digital imaging systems, the MOST prominent visual feedback on the image regarding dose to the image receptor is:

A. recorded detail
B. quantum noise
C. contrast
D. brightness
B. quantum noise
Which of the following are rules of body mechanics that should be adhered to when moving objects or patients in the radiology department?

A. push heavy objects; avoid pulling
B. keep the object well balanced and away from the body when moving
C. when lifting, keep the knees locked for additional stability
D. keep the feet close together when lifting an object or patient
A. push heavy objects; avoid pulling
Which of the following should NOT be used in the patient identification process?

A. patient's full name
B. checking of the wristband or medical record number
C. name of referring physician
D. patient's date of birth
C. name of referring physician
A tumor measures 10 inches on a femur radiograph. The femur was placed 6 inches form the image receptor and the tube was placed at a 48-inch source-to-image distance from the image receptor. The actual tumor size is:

A. 6 inches
B. 7 inches
C. 8 inches
D. 9 inches
D. 9 inches
In the Scapular Y, or PA oblique, projection of the shoulder, projection of the patient's humeral head beneath the coracoid indicates ______ dislocation.

A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medical
D. lateral
A. anterior
A patient is rotated ____ for oblique positions of the large intestine during a contrast enema procedure.

A. 15 to 20 degrees
B. 25 to 30 degrees
C. 35 to 45 degrees
D. 45 to 60 degrees
C. 35 to 45 degrees
Iron is an example of a ____ material.

A. ferromagnetic
B. paramagnetic
C. diamagnetic
D. Non magnetic
A. ferromagnetic
The presence of unwanted fluctuations in image brightness is referred to as:

A. noise
B. unsharpness
C. contrast resolution
D. fill factor
A. noise
____ has a threshold dose of 6 Gy to the whole body.

A. the hematopoietic syndrome
B. the gastrointestinal syndrome
C. the central nervous system syndrome
D. epilation
B. the gastrointestinal syndrome
The number of electrons flowing in a conductor is measured but the:

A. Ampere
B. Ohm
C. Volt
D. Coulomb
A. Ampere
An adult patient has diffuse erythema following a contrast injection. The technologist can apply all of the following treatments to the patient EXCEPT:

A. monitoring vitals
B. preserving IV access
C. conducting pulse oximetry
D. administering an epinephrine injection
D. administering an epinephrine injection
The amount of energy deposited by radiation into a unit mass of tissue is the:

A. absorbed dose
B. equivalent dose
C. effective dose
D. exposure
A. absorbed dose
The ____ interaction is responsible for the degradation of image brightness.

A. bremsstrahlung
B. characteristic
C. photoelectric
D. Compton
D. Compton
A best friend just took the ARRT radiography examination but does not yet have the results back. Which of the following questions is NOT acceptable to ask of this friend?

A. "What were your preparation strategies for studying for the exam?"
B. "Do you remember if there were any of the legal jargon questions on the exam?"
C. "I'm worried that it will be cold in the testing center; should I bring a sweater?"
D. Did you feel like you had enough time or were you rushing at the end?"
B. "Do you remember if there were any of the legal jargon questions on the exam?"
_____ is the phenomenon that occurs around the filament during thermionic emission that prevents the further escape of electrons from the filament.

A. saturation current
B. the space charge effect
C. milliamperage (mA0 rectification
D. the line focus principle
B. the space charge effect
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding control booth barriers?
1. control booth barriers must be permanently secured to flooring.
2. the barriers should extend 2.1 m toward the ceiling
3. they must contain 0.8 mm lead equivalent

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
The ____ is primarily composed of nickel.

A. filament
B. anode
C. tube housing
D. focusing cup
D. focusing cup
The recommended annual effective dose limit for the general public is:

A. 1 mSv
B. 15 mSv
C. 50 mSv
D. 150 mSv
A. 1 mSv
For an AP axial projection, or modified Towne method, of the zygomatic arches, the central ray entrance point is:

A. the glabella
B. the nasion
C. on the MSP at the level of the zygomatic arches
D. the acanthion
A. the glabella
During surgical cholangiography, sometimes a catheter is left for drainage. During a postoperative contrast-enhanced procedure, this catheter can help evaluate the patency and caliber of the ducts, show the status of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, and assist in the detection of previously unknown stones or pathology. What type of catheter is used for this purpose?

A. chiba
B. t-tube
C. rosen
D. single-lumen (flexima)
B. t-tube
The remnant beam consists of all the following EXCEPT _____ x-rays.

A. transmitted
B. absorbed
C. scattered
D. secondary
B. absorbed
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. damage to DNA during mitosis potentially results in the damage replicated in the future?
B. the radiosensitivity of a cell has no influence on apoptosis
C. the breaking apart of cellular macromolecules results in mitotic delay
D. transmission of damage to future generations of a cell does not occur with mitotic delay
A. damage to DNA during mitosis potentially results in the damage being replicated in the future
Digital image brightness can be determined by:

A. milliampere-seconds (mAs)
B. window level
C. window width
D. pixel size
B. window level
For a lateral projection of the lower leg, the leg should be positioned so that a line drawn between the femoral condyles is:

A. perpendicular to the image receptor
B. at a 45 degree angle to the image receptor
C. parallel to the image receptor
D. at a 10 degree angle to the image receptor
A. perpendicular to the image receptor
For trauma radiography, a radiographer could best acquire images of a lateral distal femur by:

A. placing the patient on the affected side and making sure the femoral epicondyles are perpendicular to the image receptor
B. placing the patient on the unaffected side and placing the image receptor between the legs
C. acquiring a cross-table lateral femur with a lateromedial projection
D. using an axiolateral projection or original Cleaves method
C. acquiring a cross-table lateral femur with a lateromedial projection
For an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the bladder for cystography, the central ray enters the midsagittal plane:

A. at the level of the public symphysis
B. 2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis
C. 2 inches below the upper border of the public symphysis
D. 2 inches above the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) level
B. 2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis
To minimize exposure, the x-ray tube should be placed ______ the patient and the image intensifier ____ the patient.

A. closer to; closer to
B. closer to; farther from
C. farther from; closer to
D. farther from; farther from
C. farther from; closer to
For an AP projection of the knee, the central ray is placed one-half inch:

A. below the tibial tuberosity
B. below the apex of the patella
C. above the base of the patella
D. above the femoral epicondyles
B. below the apex of the patella
Which of the following is NOT a step the technologist can take to minimize the risk of vaginal rupture before performing a barium enema?

A. ensuring familiarity with the female anatomy
B. knowing the anteroposterior and lateral anatomy of the female pelvis
C. asking the patient to assist in positioning the enema tip
D. asking the patient if the patient can feel the barium enema tip in the rectum
C. asking the patient to assist in positioning the enema tip
If the patient has an intrathecal administration of medication or contrast medium, it is administered:

A. into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal
B. via percutaneous access to an artery
C. between the epidermal and dermal layers of skin
D. under the tongue
A. into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal
The number of signal selections sent from a photodetector to the analog-to-digital converter is known as:

A. pixel pitch
B. sampling pitch
C. field of view
D. sampling frequency
D. sampling frequency
Which of the following methods for evaluating the cranium should demonstrate a symmetric image of the petrous pyramids of the temporal bone; the posterior portion of the foramen magnum; the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes visible within the foramen magnum; the occipital bone; and the posterior portions of the parietal bones?

A. caldwell method (PA axial projection)
B. Towne method (AP axial projection)
C. waters method (parietoacanthial projection)
D. schuller method (submentovertical projection)
B. Towne method (AP axial projection)
A 45-year-old male patient is suspected of having left-sided pleural effusion. He is a trauma patient who is unable to stand. The ____ decubitus position of the ____ would be MOST helpful to demonstrate the effusion.

A. right lateral; chest
B. left lateral; chest
C. left lateral; abdomen
D. right lateral; abdomen
B. left lateral; chest
A 55-year-old man is in the radiology department for a barium swallow. During the explanation of the examination, the technologist should include the:
1. purpose of the procedure
2. cost of the procedure
3. approximate examination duration

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
The best time to demonstrate the "blush," or nephrogram, phase of the kidneys is within the first ____ minutes following contrast medium injection when performing an intravenous urogram.

A. 5
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30
A. 5
The ____ collects the light emitted from the PSP during reading.

A. analog-to-digital converter
B. photomultiplier tube
C. amplifier
D. histogram
B. photomultiplier tube
The Physician's Desk Reference is a resource for medication information that can tell the radiographer specific drug information EXCEPT:

A. the chemical name of the medication
B. a generic name for a medication
C. the brand or trade name of a medication
D. the average price of a medication
D. the average price of a medication
For a mediolateral projection of the knee, the central ray should be:

A. perpendicular to the image receptor
B. angled 3 to 5 degrees cephalad
C. angled 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
D. angled 3 to 5 degrees caudad
C. angled 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
On a parietoacanthial projection of the sinuses with the open-mouth Waters method variation, the ____ sinus is displayed through the patient's mouth on the image.

A. ethmoidal
B. frontal
C. maxiallary
D. sphenoidal
D. sphednoidal
The _____ tendon inserts on the radial tuberosity.

A. deltoid
B. brachioradialis
C. brachialis
D. biceps brachii
D. biceps brachii
For routine imaging of facial bones, a parietoacanthial projection using the Waters method is preferred over a reverse Waters projections to:

A. increase patient comfort with less neck extension
B. reduce magnification of the facial bones
C. facilitate use of a larger shield on the patient
D. better display the sella turcica
B. reduce magnification of the facial bones
The hip bone includes all of the following EXCEPT the:

A. pubis
B. ilium
C. ischium
D. sacrum
D. sacrum
An x-ray tube that has 2 filaments is referred to as a ____ x-ray tube.

A. dual-energy
B. dual-focus
C. multi-electron
D. hot cathode
B. dual-focus
Increasing _____ decreases the probability of attenuation.

A. tissue density
B. part thickness
C. kilovoltage peak
D. milliampere-seconds
C. kilovoltage peak
For an AP clavicle projection, the central ray enters at the:

A. acromioclavicular joint
B. sternoclavicular joint
C. fulcrum of the clavicle
D. midshaft of the clavicle
D. midshaft of the clavicle
Anaphylactic shock is a type of vasogenic shock that MOST often is encountered in the radiology department due to:

A. extravasation of saline into the tissues after an intravenous (IV) puncture
B. the administration of iodinated contrast media
C. an excess of insulin in the bloodstream causing hypoglycemia
D. significant loss of blood or tissue fluid resulting from a traumatic injury
B. the administration of iodinated contrast media
With all other exposure factors constant, which of the following adjustments would result in an image with higher contrast?

A. increasing mAs
B. introducing an 8:1 grid
C. increasing kVp
D. reducing collimation
B. introducing an 8:1 grid
___ would be a contraindication for excretory urography and intravenous urography.

A. pyelonephritis
B. urolithiasis
C. renal hypertension
D. renal failure
D. renal failure
If a patient CANNOT lie supine for imaging for the coccyx, the radiographer should direct the central ray for a PA axial projection at ____ in the ____ direction.

A. 10 degrees ; caudad
B. 10 degrees; cephalad
C. 15 degrees ; caudad
D. 15 degrees ; cephalad
B. 10 degrees; cephalad
If a patient has a temperature of 99.5 degrees F or higher, the patient:

A. is considered hypothermic
B. is diaphoretic
C. has a normal temperature
D. is febrile
D. is febrile
The left posterior oblique (LPO) position of the lumbar spine best demonstrates the:

A. left vertebral foramina
B. left zygapophyseal joints
C. right vertebral foramina
D. right zygapophyseal joints
B. left zygapophyseal joints
Select the dose term below that is NOT part of the personnel monitoring report.

A. depp
B. eye
C. shallow
D. collar
D. collar
In computed radiography, _____ is the identification of collimated edges to pull only useful data for scaling.

A. look-up table analysis
B. exposure rendition
C. exposure field recognition
D. histogram analysis
C. exposure field recognition
On an AP oblique projection of the medially rotated wrist, which carpals are projected free of superimposition?

A. scaphoid and pisiform
B. triquetrum, hook of hamate, and pisiform
C. trapezium and distal half of the scaphoid
D. pisiform and triquetrum
D. pisiform and triquetrum
All of the following are considered to be the cardinal principles of personnel radiation protection EXCEPT:

A. collimation
B. shielding
C. time
D. distance
A. collimation
Which bones form the shoulder girdle?
1. clavicle
2. humerus
3. scapula

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1,2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
A dose below 0.01 mSv per year is considered very low risk for stochastic occurrence, and is called:

A. genetically significant dose
B. hormesis
C. lethal dose (LD) 50/30
D. negligible individual dose
D. negligible individual dose
Extremity dosimeter are typically:

A. film badges
B. optically stimulated luminescence (OSLs)
C. thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
D. ionization compartments
C. thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
The ____ grid pattern configuration transmits the greatest number of photons.

A. linear parallel
B. cross-hatch
C. focused
D. unfocused
C. focused
An image was acquired using 70 kVp with 3 active automatic exposure control (AEC) cells. A second image was taken with 100 kVp and 3 active AEC cells. How must the technologist set mAs to maintain receptor exposure from image 1 to image 2?

A. set mAs higher for image 2
B. set mAs lower for image 2
C. use similar mAs for both images
D. the technologist does not set mAs when using the AEC
D. the technologist does not set mAs when using the AEC
Radiation protection is based upon the ____ dose-response model.

A. threshold, linear
B. threshold, nonlinear
C. nonthreshold, linear
D. nonthreshold, nonlinear
C. nonthreshold, linear
The fluorescent lights in a PSP plate reader serve the purpose of:

A. erasing image data from the thin-film transistors
B. converting x-ray photons to visible light photons
C. releasing remnant electrons after laser scanning
D. directing photons to the photomultiplier tube
C. releasing remnant electrons after laser scanning
The top of the foot is the ____ surface.

A. dorsal
B. plantar
C. palmar
D. posterior
A. dorsal
A portable anteroposterior (AP) chest radiograph was acquired without a grid using a technique of 109 kVp and 3 mAs. The image was repeated with a 12:1 grid. The new technique for the second image is:

A. 12 mAs and 109 kVp
B. 15 mAs and 109 kVp
C. 3 mAs and 125 kVp
D. 3 mAs and 93 kVp
B. 15 mAs and 109 kVp
The ____ is NOT part of the large intestine?

A. cecum
B. ileum
C. anal canal
D. rectum
B. ileum
An autoclave machine:

A. calibrates blood pressure and pulse oximetry machines
B. compresses personal protective equipment after use
C. uses steam to sterilize tools and surgical equipment
D. keeps an isolation room at negative pressure
C. uses steam to sterilize tools and surgical equipment
When handling items that have come in contact with chemotherapeutic agents, the proper method for disposal is to:
1. rinse all items thoroughly before placing them in the correct receptacle
2. use sharps containers specifically marked for chemotherapeutic agents (usually yellow)
3. don personal protective equipment specific for handling chemotherapeutic agents or items that have been contaminated with the agents

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1,2, and 3
C. 2 and 3
The ____ is the portion of the bladder that is formed by both ureters and the urethra.

A. medulla
B. calyx
C. trigone
D. ureteropelvic junction
C. trigone
The correct angle of needle entry for an intramuscular injection of medication is:

A. 15 degrees
B. 25 degrees
C. 45 degrees
D. 90 degrees
D. 90 degrees
A histogram can:
1. show the number of pixels within a certain value
2. serve as a point processing function
3. calculate the exposure index

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1,2, and 3
D. 1,2, and 3
The modified axiolateral projection, or Clement-Nakayama modification, is used when:

A. a unilateral hip fracture is suspected
B. bilateral hip fractures are suspected
C. imaging the pelvic inlet
D. imaging the pelvic outlet
B. bilateral hip fractures are suspected
A 16-year-old female patient from the emergency department (ED) has a history of severe asthma. A portable chest radiograph has been requested at her bedside in the ED and as the radiographer talks to the patient, the radiographer notices that the patient's lips have a slight bluish hue. The patient is:

A. diaphoretic
B. hypotensive
C. cyanotic
D. febrile
C. cyanotic
In fluoroscopy, image brightness results from ____ gain.
1. minification
2. modulation
3. flux

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
A patient is scheduled fro a study that involves injecting water-soluble iodinated contrast material. She states that the last time she had "x-ray dye" it made her eyes swell and her chest feel tight. What should be done for this patient to minimize a similar reaction?

A. use barium, which is an inert salt, as the contrast media
B. premedicate the patient with antihistamines and steroids
C. cancel the study and send the patient back to her primary care provider
D. use a negative contrast medium such as carbon dioxide
B. premedicate the patient with antihistamines and steroids
A coil of wire wrapped around a ferromagnetic rod is:

A. an electromagnet
B. a solenoid
C. a resistor
D. a rheostat
A. an electromagnet
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 2003?

A. a patient can request that their medical records be deleted
B. a patient can see and copy records and request amendments
C. a patient must receive a clear written explanation of how the health provider can use disclosed information
D. health care providers must obtain consent before sharing routine information on treatment, payment, and health care operations
A. a patient can request that their medical records be deleted
Exposure linearity is allowed a ____ variation.

A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 5%
D. 10%
D. 10%
The gonads have a WT of:

A. 0.20
B. 0.12
C. 0.05
D. 0.01
A. 0.20
The penumbra for an image taken with a 2-mm effective focal spot, a source -to-image (SID) of 48 inches, and SOD of 40 inches is:

A. 0.1mm
B. 0.2mm
C. 0.3mm
D. 0.4mm
D. 0.4mm
If the primary side of a transformer has 100 turns and is supplied with 400 volts, and the secondary side has 20,000 turns, the voltage induced in the secondary coil will be:

A. 50 kV
B. 60 kV
C. 70 kV
D. 80 kV
D. 80 kV
A person with acute radiation syndrome does not demonstrate signs of illness during the ____ period.

A. prodromal
B. latent
C. manifest
D. proliferation
B. latent
Adding filtration affects the bremsstrahlung x0ray emission spectrum as demonstrated by the curve shifting:

A. down and to the right
B. down and to the left
C. up and to the right
D. up and to the left
A. down and to the right
On a properly positioned lateral ankle, the fibula should be seen:

A. anterior to the tibia
B. over the anterior half of the tibia
C. posterior to the tibia
D. over the posterior half of the tibia
D. over the posterior half of the tibia
The term comparing the amount of sensing area vs nonsensing area of a detector element (DEL) is:

A. capacitance
B. shape factor
C. fill factor
D. charge storage
C. fill factor
Signals in digital imaging with a ____ wavelength and ____ frequency result in high spatial resolution.

A. long; high
B. long; low
C. short; high
D. short; low
C. short; high
Total brightness gain for the image intensifier is calculated by:

A. flux gain divided by minification gain
B. minification gain squared, multiplied by the flux gain
C. input phosphor diameter squared, divided by output phosphor diameter squared
D. flux gain multiplied by minification gain
D. flux gain multiplied by minification gain
The ____ position is used while a male patient is voiding during a voiding cystourethrogram.

A. oblique
B. anteroposterior (AP)
C. lateral
D. posteroanterior (PA)
A. oblique
Personnel dose in fluoroscopy can be reduced by increasing:

A. skin-to-receptor distance
B. source-to-skin distance (SSD)
C. kVp
D. mA
B. source-to-skin distance (SSD)
Which of the following is NOT a portion of the pharynx?

A. oral
B. nasal
C. laryngeal
D. esophageal
D. esophageal
The HVL for a 60 kVp beam is ____ of aluminum equivalent (Al/eq).

A. 1.3 mm
B. 1.5 mm
C. 2.3 mm
D. 2.5 mm
A. 1.3 mm
The proper way for a pregnant radiographer to wear a second dosimeter during fluoroscopy is at the level of the:

A. collar, under the thyroid shield
B. collar, over the thyroid shield
C. waist, under the lead apron
D. waist, over the lead apron
C. waist, under the lead apron
A fluoroscopy unit with an above-the-table image intensifier is being used on a patient who is supine on the table. Where can the radiographer place a shield to protect the patients gonads?

A. on top of the patient
B. underneath the patient
C. on the right hand side
D. next to the patient on the left hand side
B. underneath the patient
If an upright abdomen is ordered to check for free air but the patient is unable to stand, the radiographer should instead acquire a:

A. supine abdoment image only
B. recumbent lateral image
C. left lateral decubitus projection
D. right lateral decubitus projection
C. left lateral decubitus projection
For a lateral projection of the foot, the ___ surface of the foot typically touches the image receptor.

A. lateral
B. dorsal
C. medial
D. plantar
A. lateral
The interaction between x-ray photons and tissue that results in the production of a secondary x-ray photon is the ____ interaction.

A. coherent
B. Compton
C. photoelectric
D. characteristic
C. photoelectric
Which parts of anatomy should be seen on a radiograph taken as an AP projection of the scapula?

A. acromion, coronoid process, and lateral border of the scapula
B. acromion, coracoid process, and trochlea
C. acromion, coronoid process, and capitulum
D. acromion, coracoid process, and lateral border of the scapula
D. acromion, coracoid process, and lateral border of the scapula
When acquiring images of long bones, what is the MINIMUM number of projections required?

A. 2 orthogonal projections
B. 3 total projections
C. 1 projection to include the fracture only
D. 1 orthogonal projection
A. 2 orthogonal projections
For a submentovertical projection of the mandible, the _____ line should be as close as possible to parallel with the image receptor for accurate extension.

A. acanthiomeatal (AML)
B. gabellomeatal (GML)
C. infraorbitomeatal (IOML)
D. orbitomeatal (OML)
C. infraorbitomeatal (IOML)
Sets found in the same folder