bio exam 5

Which of the following bacterial pathogens is a common cause of food poisoning?
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 151
Terms in this set (151)
Which of the following bacterial pathogens is a common cause of food poisoning?
salmonella
When does germination take place in the life of a flowering plant?
when conditions are suitable
Which of the following fish species has rod-shaped bones that are similar to amphibian limb bones?
lobe-finned fishes
Which of the following has been used for thousands of years to make bread and ferment grains?
yeast
All of the following are plant tissue systems EXCEPT?
nervous
Which of the following bacterial pathogens is a common cause of food poisoning
salmonella
How do terrestrial plants obtain minerals?
they absorb minerals from the soil via the root system
When does the fossil record indicate the first animals evolved?
600 million years ago
Methanogens are found in all of the following habitats EXCEPT
the surface of people's teeth
Prokaryotes include the domains Bacteria and which of the following?
archaea
Where does pollination in a flowering plant occur?stigmaHow do terrestrial plants obtain carbon dioxide?they obtain carbon dioxide via stomata in the leavesWhich of the following best describes the function of a plant's ground tissue system?performs photosynthesis, provides support and stores nutrientsAll of the following are parts of a terrestrial plant's shoot system EXCEPTrootsWhich of the following tissue systems transports water and nutrients throughout the plant body?vascularDuring the evolution of multicellular forms, which of the following probably led colonies of free living single cells to start to become more specialized?natural selection favoring a division of laborWhich of the following features is unique to viruses?capsidwhen does Homo sapiens first appear in the fossil record?200 thousand years agoHow do the roots of terrestrial plants obtain energy?they absorb sugars transported by the phloemIn what way are leaves in plants an adaptation to terrestrial life?they facilitate the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphereWhich of the following is evidence that simple organic monomers originated on their own on the early Earth prior to the advent of living organisms?experiments showing they form spontaneously under conditions similar to the early Earthall of the following are unknown among prokaryotic cells EXCEPTflagellawhich of the following viruses is unique to plants?tobacco mosaic virusAll of the following algae groups are types of seaweed EXCEPTsympodiumSome of the Archaea are know as "extremophiles" because?they thrive in habitats no other organism can surviveHow do terrestrial plants obtain oxygen?they obtain oxygen via stomata in the leavesWhich of the following plant tissue systems forms an outer covering protecting the plant?dermalIn what way is pollen in plants an adaptation to terrestrial life?it allows sperm to be dispersed in the absence of waterAll of the following are evidence that the mitochondrion and chloroplast separately evolved by means of endosymbiosis EXCEPTboth have an internal framework of membranesBacteria are beneficial to life on Earth in that they play an essential role in all of the following EXCEPTproduction of methaneWhich domain do animals belong?EukaryaWhich of the following protists are consumers?protozoansWhich scientist(s) are credited with establishing that simple organic molecules could have formed in earth's early atmosphere prior to the advent of life?Harold Urey and Stanley MillerWhat part of a flowering plant does the fruit (e.g. an apple) come from?ovaryWhich part of a terrestrial plant is used to obtain carbon dioxide?leavesAll of the following organisms have mammary glands EXCEPT?crocodileAll of the following are examples of terrestrial plant organs EXCEPTnodesWhich of the following aquatic organisms evolved from land-dwelling ancestors?cetaceansWhich of the following explains why we don't observe organic monomers spontaneously forming on Earth today?Earth's atmosphere today is differentWhich of the following is the process by which prokaryotic cells reproduce?binary fussionWhich of the following best describes the organism that was eventually engulfed by the first eukaryotic cell and later became the chloroplast?photosynthesizing prokaryotehow do the roots of terrestrial plants obtain energy?they absorb sugars transported by the phloemwhich of the following adaptations allowed reptiles to live an entirely terrestrial existence?amniotic eggHow do terrestrial plants obtain water?they absorb water from the soil via the root systemWhat problem associated with living on land do mycorrhizae help a terrestrial plant overcome?the need to absorb water and minerals from the soilWhich of the following hominin species very likely interbred with Homo sapiens?Homo neanderthalenisWhich of the following is the group from which all birds have evolved?dinosaursAll of the following would undermine the conclusions of Urey and Miller's experiment establishing organic molecules could have spontaneously formed on the early Earth EXCEPTdetermination that, with sufficient time, monomers on their own can form larger moleculesWhen did the first prokaryotic cells arise?3.5 billion years agoWhich of the following animal groups generally cares for its offspring the longest?mammalsWhat would happen if there were no decomposers?nutrients would accumulate in dead matter and never be recycledAll of the following are shapes found among prokaryotic cells EXCEPTdouble helixAll of the following claims about protists are correct EXCEPTsome are prokaryotesAll of the following eukaryotic cell structures evolved through inward folding of the external plasma membrane of an ancestral cell EXCEPTmitochondrionWhy is it likely that RNA preceded DNA as the original genetic material?DNA requires proteins to replicate, RNA does notIn what way is lignin in plants an adaptation to terrestrial life?it stiffens the walls of plant cellsWhat feature is characteristic of cnidarians (e.g. jellyfish) that distinguishes it from other animal phyla?radial symmetryWhich of the following is a true statement about all animals?eat other organismsWhen did multicellular organisms first arise?1.2 billion years agoWhy is the evolution of fungi more challenging to study in the fossil record than the evolution of plants?fungi often fossilize poorlyLichen represent a symbiotic union between a fungus and an algae. The fungus provides all of the following this union EXCEPTfoodViruses in the herpes family cause all of the following illnesses or symptoms EXCEPTmeaslesWhich of the following prokaryotic cell structures plays a role similar to a plant seed in protecting the cell from harsh conditions in its environment?endosporeWhat is the difference between a truly multicellular organism and a colony?multicellular organisms have cells that cannot live on their own, colonies consist of cells that canWhich of the following bacterial pathogens led to the Black Death in the 1300s, killing nearly one third of Europe?bubonic plagueAll of the following adaptations are found in cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and amphibians EXCEPT?four limbsEndosymbiosis refers tothe origin of cell organelles from previously free-living prokaryotes that were engulfedWhich of the following best describes the organism that was eventually engulfed by the first eukaryotic cell and later became the mitochondrion?aerobic heterotrophic prokaryoteWhich of the following bacterial pathogens is spread by ticks?Lyme diseaseWhere did Homo sapiens originate?AfricaAnimals obtain matter by means of all of the following processes EXCEPTmaking their own foodLichen represent a symbiotic union between a fungus and an algae. What is the algae's contribution to this union?foodWhich of the following best describes the function of a plant's vascular tissue system?provides long distance transport of water and nutrientsEarth's early atmosphere contained all of the following gases EXCEPToxygenWhat is the most common remedy used by doctors to treat bacterial diseases?antibioticsAll of the following is part of the shoot system of a terrestrial plant EXCEPTrootsWhich of the following types of prokaryotes living in the human digestive tract is claimed by yogurt manufacturers to promote a well-functioning immune system?probiotic bacteriaWhich of the following extreme conditions are the Archaea LEAST likely to be found?oxygen richAll of the following are unknown among prokaryotic cells EXCEPTflagellaWhy is it likely the early Earth's atmosphere contained very little oxygen until about 2.5 billion years ago?because until that time, the Earth had few if any photosynthetic organismsWhich of the following produces antibiotics used to treat bacterial diseases?fungiWhich of the following adaptations allowed reptiles to live an entirely terrestrial existence?amniotic eggWhich part of a terrestrial plant is used to obtain water and minerals?root systemHow do terrestrial plants obtain nitrogen?from NH4+ created by nitrogen fixing bacteriaWhich of the following prokaryotic cell structures is associated with locomotion?flagellaWhich of the following best describes the function of a plant's dermal tissue system?forms an outer protective covering and regulates gas exchangeAll of the following may be caused by pathogenic bacteria EXCEPTcommon coldWhere does fertilization in a flowering plant occur?ovuleWhich of the following characteristics of life does a virus lack?composed of cell(s)All of the following are structures that play a role in protecting prokaryotic cells EXCEPTflagellaA leaf contains tissues from all of the following plant tissue systems EXCEPTmuscularWhat does the "Cambrian explosion" refer to?a period of rapid diversification of animal formsAll of the following are distinctively human adaptations EXCEPTagile handsWhich of the following bacterial pathogens is prevented from causing disease by proper cooking of food?salmonellaWhich part of a terrestrial plant is used to obtain light?leavesWhich part of some terrestrial plants (e.g. carrots) stores sugars and starches?taprootAll of the following are adaptations plants evolved to colonize land EXCEPTphotosynthesisAll of the following eukaryotic cell structures are part of the endomembrane system EXCEPTmitochondrionWhich of the following adaptations made it possible for the first vertebrates to live an entirely terrestrial existence?lungsWhat is the primary function of xylem in a terrestrial plant?transport water and minerals from the rootsWhich of the following cell organelles evolved from a small, free-living prokaryote that was engulfed?mitochondrionTetrapods are distinguished from other vertebrate groups because they descend from an ancestor that hadfour limbs with digitsThermophiles are a group of Archaea that are known forthriving in high-temperature environmentsWhy do many flowering plants create fruits?it is an incentive for animals to disperse the seedsWhen does Homo sapiens first appear in the fossil record?200 thousand years agoWhich of the following algae can, when overabundant due to fertilizer runoff, produce a population explosion called a "red tide"?dinoflagellatesWhich of the following events led to the current domination of mammals in terrestrial environments?mass extinction of the dinosaurs resulting from an impact eventWhich of the following prokaryotic cell structures allows the cell to stick to surfaces?capsuleWhich of the following is an adaptation only found among cartilaginous fishes?electrosensorsAll of the following are true about most animals EXCEPThave haploid cellsWhich of the following is evidence that the chloroplast evolved by means of endosymbiosis?chloroplasts have their own DNAWhen did the first mammals evolve?200 million years agoThermophiles are regarded as perhaps the most similar to the first living organisms becausethey thrive in conditions that are similar to what the Earth was like billions of years agohalophiles are found in all of the following habitats EXCEPTLake Michigan, MichiganWhich of the following types of organisms is the food source of flamingos that gives them their characteristic pink coloration?halophilesModern eukaryotic organisms include all of the following EXCEPT?bacteriaWhich of the following statements about the evolution of hominin species is correct?many coexisted at the same times and placesWhat is the primary function of phloem in a terrestrial plant?transport sugar throughout plant bodyWhich of the following is evidence that the mitochondrion evolved by means of endosymbiosis?mitochondria have their own RNAWhich of the following was the first multicellular eukaryotic organism according to the fossil record?algaeAll of the following adaptations distinguish bony fishes from cartilaginous fishes EXCEPTjawsWhich part of some terrestrial legumes (e.g. pea plants) houses nitrogen fixing bacteria?root nodulesWhat feature do sponges LACK that members of all other animal phyla have?body symmetryWhich of the following protists are decomposers?slime moldsWhich of the following viruses poses the greatest risk to humans?influenza virusWhich group of primates is the most closely related to Homo sapiens?chimpanzeesWhich of the following protists are producers?algaeWhich of the following is believed to be the first self-replicating organic molecule?RNAWhich group of primates does Homo sapiens belong to?apesWhich of the following plant tissue systems regulates gas exchange?dermalWhich of the following prokaryotic cell structures is located outside of the cell membrane and serves a protective role under normal conditions?cell wallProkaryotic and eukaryotic cells both have all of the following EXCEPTnucleoidAll of the following are caused by parasitic fungi EXCEPTinfluenzaWhat feature distinguishes all other animal phyla from sponges and cnidarians (e.g. jellyfish)?binary symmetryWhich of the following is a correct statement about the evolution of multicellularity?it evolved multiple times amongst ancient protistsWhich of the following structures exists in a modified form in lungfishes that allows them to gulp air and extract oxygen when needed?swim bladderAll of the following cell structures evolved through inward folding of the external plasma membrane of an ancestral cell EXCEPTchloroplastWhen did the first eukaryotic cells arise?2.1 billion years agoWhich of the following groups of fungi are used by humans to ferment grains and fruit?yeastAll of the following are challenges that plants had to overcome to colonize land EXCEPTthere is a limit to how far sunlight can penetrate the surrounding waterWhich of the following is an example of a group of invertebrate chordates?tunicatesWhich of the following is one of the primary functions of the leaves of terrestrial plants?facilitate gas exchangeEach of the following groups has representatives that lay hard shelled eggs EXCEPTamphibiansAll of the following are true about biofilms EXCEPTthey are movies about biological topicsWhich among the following is the most likely to have been present in the protists from which the first animals evolved?flagellumWhich of the following is a correct claim about human evolution?many species of humans coexisted at the same time and placeWhen did the first fungi colonize land?490 million years agoWhere did the first animals evolve?oceansAll of the following are structures one might find in a prokaryote cell EXCEPTnucleusWhich of the following adaptations provides for a long physical association between mother and developing offspring within her body?placentaIn what way is the cuticle in plants an adaptation to terrestrial life?it prevents water from being evaporated from the plant surface