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Georgia Studies GMAS

Terms in this set (76)

Blue Ridge, Piedmont, Coastal Plain, Valley and Ridge, the Appalachian Plateau
What are the 5 regions of Georgia?
Mississippian Indians
The most advanced Native Americans in Georgia that lasted up until the arrival of Spanish Settlers. Built Mound Temples for the sake of worship.
Charter of 1732
The charter that stated the reasons for Georgia's Settlement.
Charity, Economics, Defense
What were the 3 reasons listed for Georgia's Settlement in the Charter of 1732?
Poor people could make a living in the new colony.
What were the details behind "Charity" in the charter of 1732?
More resources are sent back to England to be sold.
What were the details of "Economics" in the charter of 1732?
Georgia would act as a buffer colony to the spanish colony in Florida.
What were the details of "Defense" in the charter of 1732?
Tomochichi
Yamacraw Chief that helped Oglethorpe to choose the location for
his first settlement, Savannah.
French and Indian War, Proclamation of 1763, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, and The Declaration of Independence.
What were the 5 causes of the Revolutionary war?
French and Indian War
What does this describe? Both England and France wanted to control land in North America. War ends in 1763 with the British victorious. They now controlled more land in North America (Ohio River Valley).
Proclamation of 1763
What does this describe? King George III creates borders for where the
colonists could live. Colonists had fought and some died to gain land during the
French and Indian War but they can not live on that land.
Stamp Act
What does this describe? Tax on all legal documents, permits, and paper goods.
Intolerable Acts
What does this describe? Four British laws meant to punish colonists for the Boston
Tea Party. Allowed British citizens to live in colonists' homes, closed Boston Harbor,
cancelled the Massachusetts's royal charter, and allowed British officials to be tried
for crimes in England instead of the colonies.
Loyalists
People living in GA that were loyal to England.
Patriots
People who wanted the colonies to be independent.
Battle of Kettle Creek
Elijah Clarke led Georgia militia, defeated 800 British troops near Washington, Georgia.
Siege of Savannah
15,000 Americans and 4,000 French laid siege to
Savannah. Colonists and French were unsuccessful. The British controlled Savannah
until the end of the war in 1782.
University of Georgia
Allowed people from all
economic backgrounds to go to college. First state university in the United States.
Articles of Confederation
First document that created a government for the
United States. Created a weak government (could not collect taxes).
Headright System
Every white male counted as a head of household and had the "right" to receive up to 1,000 acres.
Yazoo Land Sale
Around 1795, four companies bribed the governor and legislators so they could buy land for less than it was worth. The public found out and protested; the legislators involved were voted out of office. This became known as the Yazoo Land Fraud.
Land Lotteries
All white heads-of- household could buy a lottery chance and win land; millions of acres in several states were given away.
Cotton Gin and Railroads
Two huge technological Advancements that changed GA and brought cotton to GA.
Chief Alexander McGillivray
Who does this describe? Signed the Treaty of New
York giving up all land east of the Oconee River, but could keep land on the west
side. These treaties were often broken. After the Battle of Horseshoe Bend the
Creeks were forced to give up nearly all of their land. Chief William McIntosh gave
up the last of the Creek Land with the Treaty of Indian Springs. He was later
murdered for this.
Missouri Compromise
Missouri entered the U.S. as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state in 1820. Outlawed slavery north of 36°20' latitude (the
southern border of Missouri), and included Louisiana Territory lands west of
Missouri.
Compromise of 1850
California enters the U.S. as a free state. Also included the Fugitive Slave Act which required northern states to return runaway slaves to
the south.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
Those territories had right of popular sovereignty and could decide whether or not to allow slavery.
Georgia Platform
The North would support the Fugitive Slave Act and not ban slavery in new states in order to uphold the Compromise of 1850. Georgia was
credited with preventing war and secession.
Dred Scott
Supreme Court case in 1857 Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not file lawsuits. Also, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress
could not stop slavery in the territories.
Antietam
Sept. 17, 1862. Bloodiest single day of the Civil War. Union Army defeated the Confederate Army (under the leadership of Robert E. Lee). About
2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed and 19,000 people were
wounded.
Gettysburg
July 1 to July 3, 1863. Union Army defeated the Confederates. Union suffers 23,000 Casualties (dead and wounded soldiers). Confederacy suffers
28,000 casualties.
Chickamauga
September 1863. Union troops were driven back to
Chattanooga; Confederates did not follow-up on their victory. Union reinforcements later recaptured Chattanooga.
Union Blockade of GA's Coast
The Union used naval ships to prevent the
south from continuing to trade materials (such as cotton) with the British. Kept the south from having the materials necessary to continue to fight.
Atlanta Campaign
William Tecumseh Sherman forced the confederate
soldiers and citizens of Atlanta to retreat out of the city. His soldiers then proceeded to burn 90% of Atlanta.
The March to the Sea
Part of the Lay Waste Strategy - Sherman's Union
army destroys everything in its path, 300 miles from Atlanta to Savannah. A sixty mile-wide area is burned, destroyed, and ruined during a two-month period. Captured Savannah in 1864.
Andersonville Prison
In southwest Georgia, was overcrowded, and offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation; 13,700 Union soldiers are buried
there.
Freedmen's Bureau
Set up to assist freed slaves. Assisted them with food, clothing, shelter, education, and with getting jobs.
13th Amendment
Outlawed slavery.
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to freedmen and required "equal protection under the law" for all freed slaves.
15th Amendment
Gave all males the right to vote regardless of race.
• Due to these amendments, African Americans (Henry McNeal Turner and other black legislators) won elections in Georgia for the first time.
Bourbon Triumvirate
Powerful Democratic leaders, known as the "Bourbon Triumvirate" were Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon. Their
goals were to expand Georgia's economy and ties with industries in the North and maintain the tradition of white supremacy.
Henry Grady
Father of the New South. Wanted Georgia to advance to an industrial society that could compete with the north while also increasing the
technology used in farming.
International Cotton Exposition
Designed to show the economic recovery
that had taken place in the south by 1895.
Tom Watson and the Populists
Worked to protect farmers rights while also
helping them in their struggle with the "wealthy" people.
1906 Atlanta Race Riot
String of violence by whites against African
Americans over two days in 1906. 21 people were killed and hundreds were wounded.
Leo Frank
Accused of killing Mary Phagan. Very little evidence against him but Frank was found guilty and sentenced to death. Frank was taken from the prison and lynched by a group calling themselves the Knights of Mary Phagan. This group
later reformed as the KKK.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court decision which approved Jim Crow laws - decision in place until 1954.
Booker T. Washington
President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Worked to improve the lives of African Americans through economic independence. Believed
social and political equality would come with improved economic conditions and
education. Delivered the famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech in 1895.
W. E. B. DuBois
Professor at Atlanta University. Believed in "action" if African Americans and whites were to understand and accept each other. Thought
Booker T. Washington was too accepting of social injustice. Civil Rights Leaders
Alonzo Herndon
Purchased Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company (a small insurance company) and managed it well in 1905. Now one of the largest African
American businesses in the US. Worth over $200 million and operates in 17 states.
±100,000 Georgians volunteered to join the US armed forces
How many Georgian's were in WW1?
Training in Georgia at Camp Benning, Fort McPherson, Camp Gordon, and Camp Hancock helped Georgia economy
Where was training held for Georgians during WW1?
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Created jobs for young men. Men worked
in exchange for housing, food, and money. Built many of GA's parks, sewer systems,
bridges, etc.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Raised the price of farm products by limiting supply. Farmers were paid to produce less to drive the price up so each farmer made for money for their crops.
Rural Electrification Authority (REA)
Brought electricity to the rural (country) areas of the U.S.
Social Security Act
Passed in 1935. Helped to provide old-age benefits for retiring workers. Also offered insurance for the unemployed and disabled.
Lend-Lease
American policy, at the beginning of WWII, to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union.
Allied Powers
USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union.
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Bell Aircraft
Began assembling B-29 bombers for the U.S. Army. Over 28,000 employees helped to finish 668 planes.
Savannah and Brunswick shipyards
Both cities housed shipyards which were
used to create cargo ships (nicknamed "Liberty Ships" by FDR).
Richard Russell
U.S. Senator. Worked to bring wartime opportunities (jobs) to GA. Helped to bring over a dozen military bases to GA.
Carl Vinson
U.S. Representative. Helped to expand the U.S. Navy. Much of this expansion (building of ships) took place at GA's shipyards.
William Hartsfield
Served as Atlanta's mayor longer than any other person (6 terms from 1937-1961). Presided over many building projects including expressways and parks throughout the city. After his death in 1971 the Atlanta airport was renamed after him.
Ivan Allen, Jr.
Served as Atlanta's mayor from 1962-1970. Only politician from the South to speak in favor of the Civil Rights Act. Helped to bring the Braves
from Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Atlanta.
Ellis Arnall
Served as Governor from 1943-1947. Worked to reform GA's government, state universities, prisons, the tax system, and the state constitution.
Also lowered GA's voting age. Lost against Eugene Talmadge in the 1946 Governor's race.
Interstate Highway System
Makes transportation through the city easier.
Interstates, such as I-20, I-75, and I-85, go through the city of Atlanta. I-95 goes from Florida to Maine and I-75 goes from Miami to Michigan.
Georgia's Deepwater Ports
Two major deepwater ports (Savannah and
Brunswick). Goods (products) made in Georgia are frequently shipped to other parts of the world through these ports.
Herman Talmadge
Son of Eugene Talmadge. Won the special election as GA's Governor in 1946 after the death of his father. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1956
(served until 1980) where he worked to create laws to help the rural regions of GA.
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 Supreme Court case. Struck down
"separate but equal" concept; schools were to be integrated.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Peacefully challenged segregated bus system in Albany, Georgia. Nearly 500 people jailed in the
boycotts/demonstrations. Biracial committee formed to study concerns of African
Americans.
March on Washington
Political rally held in Washington, D.C. in 1963.
Intended to help African Americans achieve more equality in the job market while
also gaining more freedom. At this rally, Dr. King delivered his "I Have A Dream"
speech.
Maynard Jackson
Elected mayor of Atlanta in 1973 (1 st African American mayor of a major southern city).
Lester Maddox
Became governor of Georgia in 1967. Had forcibly turned black activists who challenged segregation at the restaurant he had owned. Very
popular with Georgians who supported segregation.
Andrew Young
An aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Executive director of the SCLC. In 1972, won election to the U.S. House of Representatives (1st African
American from GA to be elected to Congress since the 1860's). Elected mayor of
Atlanta in 1981. Served as co-chairman of a committee that helped to bring the
1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta.
Jimmy Carter
Born: October 1, 1924 in Plains, GA. Elected to the GA Senate in 1962 and 1964. Elected as governor of GA in 1970. Worked to streamline
Georgia's government and improve education in rural areas. Won the presidential
election in 1976. Worked to develop peaceful relations between numerous countries.
Due to the Iranian hostage crisis and economic problems during his presidency,
President Carter lost the 1980 election to Ronald Reagan.
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