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Theory of Organization 2022

Terms in this set (41)

The core element of management is understanding human interaction and how to deal with ____ , ____ , & ____ ____.
superiors, subordinates, and external constituents
The study of management also includes understanding: (4)
Personality, emotions, values, & goal-setting
T/F: Management is essential for everyone because the focus of management combines technical, human, & soft skills
True
The definition of management is basically
The pursuit of organizational goals
What is the order of a pyramid with different managers at each hierarchical level within most organizations?
Top > middle > first-line managers
Mintzberg identified ten roles that managers perform and then broadly categorized those roles into three areas. Which are the three areas?
Interpersonal, Informational, and Decisional.
Which role identified by Mintzberg does a manager monitor teams and people, communicate information and acting as a spokesperson?
Informational
Who was Frederick Taylor?
Pioneer of Scientific Management, during the Historical Period of early management thinking
Given the difficulties of the conditions during the Historical period, management began to stress ________ and ways to improve worker productivity.
Efficiency
What was Henri Fayol contributions?
Contributions was to identify the major functions of management—planning, organizing, leading and controlling?
Led by Elton Mayo of Harvard University, which term ______________ ______________ has helped researchers to understand that employees are social beings who seek attention from their superiors?
Hawthorne Effect
Abraham Maslow introduced the Hierarchy of Needs to explain human motivation. Which is the proper order starting from the bottom up of this theory?
Self Actualization, Esteem, Love/Being, Safety, Physiological
Douglas McGregor introduced: the idea that there are two types of managers: ________ management style is mostly pessimistic and believes workers are unmotivated and resistant to change while the ________ management style suggests that managers are more optimistic about their workers.
Theory X and Theory Y
When we think of the Systems Viewpoint, which order is the four-part process that forms the loop?
Inputs, Processing, Outputs, Feedback
The ______________ perspective assumes that the external environment is constantly changing, whether due to competition or customer preferences, while the ______________ management seeks to find 'best practices' with data-driven evidence to support solutions.
Contingency & Evidence Based
Managers typically distinguish between ________ minimizing errors in production and ________ managing worker performance.
Quality Control & Quality Assurance
Which levels of managers are most concerned with Conceptual, Technical, and Human skills?
Top, middle, & Decisional
Which level of manager is typically in charge of allocating resources and developing activities?
Middle managers
Whose job is it to oversee the activities of the firm and ensure that the organization is maximizing value to its stakeholders?
Board of Directors
Which manager's duties include planning and making decisions and setting objectives for the organization?
Top managers
Which level of management most often needs to utilize conceptual skills?
Middle managers
______________ is the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, while ______________ is the study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues.
Ethics and Business Ethics
When discussing businesses in regards to ethics; it becomes more _____ to put things into terms of good or bad?
difficult
The reason why ethics is such an individual issue is that every person and every organization have different:
Values
The different people and groups that are affected by an organization's activities are called which of the following:
stakeholders
The most basic types of stakeholders are ___ and ___
Internal and External
T/F: Task Environment is due to the fact that organization is reliant on certain groups to acquire certain materials and funding to complete the tasks they are in business to perform?
True
_____ ____ is when an organization will have outside groups that can exercise decisions that could affect the organization without having any control over their actions. Whereas a _______ ______ is when organization is reliant on certain groups to acquire certain materials and funding to complete the tasks.
...
Which word best describes beliefs we hold about whether something is desirable or not?
values
The differences in each individual's values are shaped by our ____ or a predisposition to respond positively or negatively toward something.
attitudes
T/F: Ethical dilemmas occur when a situation arises in which two or more potentially "right" values are not in conflict.
False
Which correct answer makes for a dilemma that both answers could be equally justifiable as being "right" based on?
The decision maker's value system
How many stages are there to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
6
Jonathan Haidt's theory of Social Intuition provides a newer way of thinking about how we approach dilemmas based on which of the following correct answer?
Our intuition, or gut feelings
Looking at The Social Institution Model and after triggering event occurs, what is the order of stages in solving a dilemma according to Haidt? (4)
Triggering Event, Intuition, Judgement, Reasoning
Philosopher Ray Billington has six characteristics that come into play when discussing ethical issues; which of the following is the last characteristics of his philosophy?
The aim of ethical and moral reasoning is to try to discover the correct form of behavior for the given situation.
There are different approaches used for addressing ethical dilemmas. Which approach asks the decision-maker to identify the different alternative actions as well as the consequences attached to those actions?
Consequentialist Approach
The ____ approach is based on the belief that society has several universal principles and that each of us has a duty to uphold them, while the
____ approach focuses on the integrity of the decision maker instead of the action or its impending consequences.
Deontological, Virtue Ethics
First and foremost, organizations must have a formal, written set of standards to guide employees of how they should behave, or ____ __ ____ & proper training of how to follow the code that is in place
Code of Ethics
Which best describes how an organization handles motives, pressures, and its surrounding environment that may affect its overall culture?
Ethical Climate
The concept called Corporate Governance is a need to make sure the interests of the organization, its owners, and other stakeholders are being safeguarded?
True
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