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module 9, Module 10, module 11

Terms in this set (81)

t/f The Transcontinental Arch and portions of the Canadian Shield were areas covered by seas during the Sauk transgression.

In the Cambrian, the major event for the North American continent was

epeiric sea transgression and regression

t/f True vertebrates have a true head that develops from a neural crest of cells and hard structures surrounding the notochord.

Areas of elongated mountain building activity are called

The Ordovician Period ended in a mass extinction event. What was the probable cause?

Which of the following can cause a mass extinction event?

changes to global climate

________________________ are important hemichordates that ranged from the Cambrian-Carboniferous periods.

t/f The Ordovician Mass Extinction Event occurred 445-440 million years ago.

_____________________, commonly known as sea squirts, have a larval stage that resembles a chordate.

Extremely large scale lithostratigraphic units bounded by transgressive-regressive unconformities are called

cratonic sequences

The presumed causes for transgressions and regressions of shallow seas during the Paleozoic were

glaciation and tectonic events

t/f Mobile belts form when convergent plate margins develop.

The most common twin-shelled fossils we find from the Ordovician are ________.

t/f At the beginning of the Paleozoic there were eight major continents.

t/f All Chordates have a post anal tail, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a notocord.

t/f Many reef building organisms went extinct, but reefs recovered in only a few hundred thousand years.

t/f The regressive phase of a cratonic sequence is marked by an unconformity.

t/f Mass extinctions are small localized events.

t/f An estimated 82-88% of all marine life went extinct at the end of the Ordovician.

The basin within the Tippecanoe Sequence in which thick salt sequences precipitated is the

On the North American continent, how many cratonic sequences have been recognized?

Each of the major continents at the beginning of the Paleozoic can be divided into two major components:

a craton and a mobile belt

t/f The Appalachian Mountains represent an ancient mobile belt.

t/f Rise and fall of sea level in epeiric seas can be partly explained by continental glaciation events.

t.f The first major transgression onto the craton during the Paleozoic was the Tippecanoe.

t/f Thick sections of evaporite deposits that were formed in basins surrounded by large reef complexes are common in the Tippecanoe sequence.

t/f During the Paleozoic Era, some cratons were covered with large bodies of water called epeiric seas.

_______________________, meaning "head" chordates have V-shaped musculature which is a feature of true chordates.

cephalochordates

The basal unit of the Tippecanoe sequence is an important source for very clean

During the Cambrian, most of the continents were

dispersed in low latitude regions

t/f Background extinctions occur rapidly and across an entire ecological system.

t/f The lobe finned fish were least successful in shallow water nearshore environments.

Which group of fish still maintain the ability to breath air today?

lobe finned fish

What we know about fossil sharks and rays comes from the ____________________ they left behind, their only hard parts.

____________________ is the first fossil fish to have nasal openings is a likely candidate for the ancestor of jawed fishes.

______________ were a major evolutionary advance in vertebrates that likely evolved from the gills of fish

The Devonian mass extinction is comprised of two marine events: the _______________________ crisis and the ________________________ event.

Kellwasser, Hangenberg

Trees had evolved on land by the end of the

The Devonian Period is known as the

Jaws allowed fish to have ___________________.

all of the above

The earliest fishes were the ___________________________________ with plated skin, no jaws, and no internal boney skeleton.

The ability to breath _______________ may have evolved because gill breathing is inefficient for active predators.

Which of the following are NOT triggers of the Devonian mass extinction?

asteroid impact

t/f Placoderms were large predatory fish in the Devonian seas.

Transgression of the Kaskaskia sea promoted reef formation in what is today Western Canada; which of the following statements is NOT true about these reefs.

contain dinosaur fossils

During the Silurian Laurentia (North America) and Baltica (Scandinavia) collided along a _______________ plate boundary.

t/f Terrestrial life was severely affected by the mass extinction event.

What little we know of the ___________________ Orogeny in what is now the western U.S. comes from analysis of deposits of sediment which range in age from the Devonian through Pennsylvanian.

Which of the following is NOT a potential trigger of the Devonian Mass extinction?

The collision of the newly created Laurasia (North America and Baltica) and Gondwana caused the Iapetus Ocean to close which lead to the _______________ orogeny.

_______________________________ are fish that have a bony internal skeleton.

After the late Devonian extinction the ecological gap vacated by early fishes was filled by __________________.

The Appalachian Mountains were built by a series of how many orogenies (collisions)?

Evidence of a uniform global climate during the Devonian consists of________.

Similar floras globally

____________________________________ are fish with a cartilaginous internal skeleton

t/f The ray-finned fish became and still are the dominant fish group.

t/f Shallow marine environments were greatly impacted, and reef systems collapsed.

The _______________ finned fish have strong fleshy limbs supported by strong bones and attached to the body.

___________________ was the likely cause of the explosive radiation among terrestrial arthropods.

The Permian mass extinction, known as "The Great Dying" occurred approximately ___________ years ago,

t/f The Ouachita Mountain system is unique because it lacks volcanism, metamorphism, and intrusion that is typical of other systems.

The Permian mass extinction resulted in the loss of 93 to _________% of all life on Earth.

____________________________ evolved from the Therapsids

_________________________ was the name of the single world ocean that surrounded Pangaea.

Which of the following was NOT necessary for plants to colonize the land?

The presumed causes for transgressions and regressions of shallow seas during the Paleozoic were______________.

glaciation and tectonic events

What long-lived group of arthropods went extinct at the end of the Permian?

Cyclothems are characteristic of _______________________ age rocks.

The last major mountain building event to affect the Appalachian region was the ________________________.

The terrestrial invertebrates of the Carboniferous grew very large. They evolved many innovations such as specialized mouthparts, and the new ability to _______.

The two major surviving clades of diapsids include modern animals like snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and ______________________.

The Appalachian Mountains were built by a series of how many orogenies (collisions)?

True vascular plants evolved from a group called _____________________.

The formation of Pangaea from the Carboniferous through the Permian had several climatic and habitat consequences, which of the following are consequences of this supercontinent formation?

loss of shallow marine environments

The tetrapods conquered the problems of living on land, including

The __________________________egg has a membrane to separate the embryo from the outside environment, and allows development a more advanced hatchling.

The assembly of the supercontinent ______________________ was complete by the Permian.

t/f Some tetrapodomorphs likely evolved a joint to move the skull giving them advantages for hunting prey.

Gondwana moved northward during the Carboniferous, and periods of sea level rise/fall due to melting/advancing glaciers caused unique cyclic rock sequences of nonmarine and marine deposition. These are called ____________________.

Mammals descended from ___________.

The lobe-finned fishes are the ancestors of these terrestrial animals

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