Exercise for the Preparation of Gait Activities Idaho (THER EX)

_______ - A component of locomotion which includes the use of the lower extremities to navigate through the environment.
•Safe gait is essential for independent living,
independence with ADL's, fall prevention, injury
avoidance, and continued health.
•Patients in rehab settings often rate walking as their most important goal to achieve a quality of life they want to obtain.
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_______ - A component of locomotion which includes the use of the lower extremities to navigate through the environment.
•Safe gait is essential for independent living,
independence with ADL's, fall prevention, injury
avoidance, and continued health.
•Patients in rehab settings often rate walking as their most important goal to achieve a quality of life they want to obtain.
Gait
Image: _______ - A component of locomotion which includes the use of the lower extremities to navigate through the environment. •Safe gait is essential for independent living, independence with ADL's, fall prevention, injury avoidance, and continued health. •Patients in rehab settings often rate walking as their most important goal to achieve a quality of life they want to obtain.
• 2 Different Terminologies when talking about the gait cycle.
• Classic Gait Terminology
• broken down into 6 phases (B) in pic above
• "new" or Ranchos Los Amigos Terminology
•broken down into 8 phases (A) in pic above
Image: • 2 Different Terminologies when talking about the gait cycle. • Classic Gait Terminology • broken down into 6 phases (B) in pic above • "new" or Ranchos Los Amigos Terminology •broken down into 8 phases (A) in pic above
• The gait cycle can be broken down into Periods, Phases, and Critical Events.
•Periods are _____ &_____
•Critical events (previous slide of terminology)
•We will focus on the three primary functional phases of the gait pattern which transition and repeat during locomotion.
• Weight Acceptance
• Single Limb Support
• Single Limb Advancement
Stance, and Swing
_________
• This phase represents the first 10% of the stance phase of the gait cycle.
•"Initial contact" is a very brief ____ support period
•Ground forces exerted through lower extremities
• Three to six times body weight.
• ______ eccentrically contract.
• Heel rolls forward for smooth transition and spreads force throughout the foot.
•Slight knee flexion with eccentric contraction of _____ to absorb force through the knee and decrease force at hip joint.
Weight acceptance
Double
Dorsiflexors
quadriceps
_________
•This phase makes up the middle 40% of the stance phase.
• Foot is firmly placed on the ground.
• Body's challenge is to maintain control of stability of the single limb against gravity.
• Ankle joint assumes control over a smooth transition of body weight forces from heel to toe.
• Requires eccentric control of ________.
• Ends with ______ concentric contraction to propel the body forward
Single limb support
plantar flexors
plantar flexor
___________
• This phase includes the last 10% of the stance phase.
• Supports the forward progression of the body and prepares for the next gait cycle.
• Weight is shifted to the contralateral limb,
• Concentric contraction of the ankle _____, _____ at the knee, and hip _____ muscles,
• Flexed LE propelled forward to prepare for the next step,
• Knee extensor muscles extend LE toward ground,
• Ankle dorsiflexors keep foot in neutral position to allow for "heel first" contact with the ground for gait cycle to begin again
Single limb advancement
dorsiflexors, hamstrings, flexor
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Normal Gait
• ______ = Distance of initial contact of one limb to initial contact of the contralateral limb.
• Male = .82 meters, Female = .66 meters
• ______ = Distance of initial contact of one limb to initial contact of the same limb. (2x's step length)
• Male = 1.46 meters, Female = 1.32 meters
• ______ = Steps per minute.
• Male = 111 s/m, Female = 121s/m
•______= distance divided by Tim (m/s)
• standard is 1.4 m/s, can be as high as 2.5 m/s
Step length
Stride length
Cadence
Velocity
Motor Control
•The body uses several complex muscle synergies for gait, but eight primary muscle groups support the gait cycle.
•Ankle plantar/dorsiflexors, knee flexor/extensors, hip flexor/extensors, hip _____, trunk extensors.
•Minimum of _____/5 lower extremity muscle strength to meet demands of gait.
•Also must consider power, due to the muscle force has to occur within a very short time.
abductors
3+
ROM Requirements
Hip flex
Hip ext
Knee flex
Knee ext
Ankle dorsi
Ankle plantar
0-30
0-10
0-60
0
0-10
0-20
Sensory Control of Gait
•Navigation through the environment requires feedback both internally and externally.
• Requires vision, vestibular, auditory, and proprioceptive systems.
• Need Feed Forward, and Feed Back.
• _____ = Information that allows for preparation of the body and limb in space to support and to optimize the upcoming movement.
• ______ = Sensory information during or after a movement.
•Compares the actual movement to the intended movement and makes adjustments.
Feed Forward
Feed Back