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DNA/RNA quizlet

Terms in this set (20)

DNA
an organism's genetic material, shaped like a double helix (twisted ladder)
Rosalind Franklin/Maurice Wilkens
scientists in London who used X-rays to study DNA
James Watson/Francis Crick
saw the double helix from the X-rays and built a model of DNA
nucleotide
a molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate
Nitrogen bases of DNA
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Replication
the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
genes
contain instructions for making proteins
97%
percent of the DNA on the human chromosomes that does not form genes
RNA
type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, (single stranded)
uracil
the nitrogen base that replaces thymine in RNA
transcription
the process of making mRNA from DNA
mRNA
messenger RNA, brings the message of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
tRNA
transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosomes
rRNA
helps form chemical bonds that attach one amino acid to another
translation
the process of making a protein from RNA
codon
a series of 3 nitrogen bases, (there are 64)
mutations
a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
deletion mutation
one or more nitrogen bases are left out of the DNA sequence
insertion mutation
one or more nitrogen bases are added to the DNA
substitution mutation
one nitrogen base is replaced by different nitrogen base
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