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CMA Quiz Question

Terms in this set (205)

The enlarged ends of a bone are called what?
Epiphysis
The scientific name for the 'stifle' joint is what?
Fermorotibial joint
The scientific name for the 'fetlock' joint is what?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Name 2 specific joints that make up the carpal joint.
Inter carpal, radiocarpal, carpal metacarpal
What is half of the pelvis called?
Os coxae
What fossa in on the medial side of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa
On the horse's skull there is a facial crest; what is it called in the cow?
Facial tuberosity
Which species has 2 metacarpal bones on each foreleg? (McIII and IV are fused, I and II are missing, and V is reduced)
Ruminants
What is the structural classification of a joint that is a freely movable joint, united by a joint capsule?
Synovial joint
On the scapula, what is the articulating surface with the humerus called?
Glenoid cavity
What process is on the hyoid apparatus of the horse and the cow that extends to the tongue?
Lingual process
There are 4 specific joints that make up the tarsus joint. Name 3 of them.
Tarsalmetatarsal, tibialtarsal, proximal and distal intertarsal
The third trochanter on the femur is absent in which species
Ruminants
Who many metacarpal bones are in one limb of the horse? Ruminant? Carnivore? Pig?
Horse - 3
Ruminant - 2
Carnivore - 5
Pig - 4
Name 3 structures on the HUMERUS and one importance of each structure (i.e. muscle origin/instertion, species difference, other anatomical fact, etc.).
1. The greater tubercle is an important structure to the humerus because it is the attachment point of many muscles

2. The head in an important structure of the humerus because it articulates with the scapula

3. Intertubercular groove is an important structure because it is where the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle runs
Name 3 structures on the femur and one importance of each structure
1. The medial and lateral condyles are important structures to the femur because they are what articulates with the tibia.

2. The head of the femur is an important structure because it is what articulates with the ox coxae.

3. The patellar surface is an important structure to the femur because it articulates with the patella.
**Use dog skeleton photo**

A. What is BONE #10 and what is one species difference for this bone?

B. What is JOINT #17 and what is one species difference for this joint?
A. Fibula - one species difference is the fibula and tibia are two separate bones in carnivores (fused in ruminants)

B. Tarsal joint - carnivores have 7 tarsal bones, while ruminants have 5
**Use horse skeleton photo**

A. What is the scientific name of BONE #11?

B. What is the scientific name of JOINT #6?

C. What is the scientific name of BONE #18?

D. What is the scientific name of bone #13?
A. Metacarpal bone (III)

B. Coxofemoral joint

C. Tibia

D. Distal phalanx
**Use horse skull photo**

A. What is bone #6?

B. What is bone #3?
A. Incisive bone

B. Lacrimal bone
**Use pelvis skeleton photo**

A. What part of the bone is #2?

B. What specific part of the bone is #9?
A. Ischium

B. Tuber coxae
**Use horse limb photo**

A. What is the scientific name of BONE #6?

B. What is the scientific name of JOINT #10?
A. Proximal phalanx

B. Distal Interphalangeal joint
**Use scapula photo**

A. What is join #4?

B. What part of the bone is #3?
A. Scapulohumeral joint

B. Spine of scapula
**Use femur photo**

A. What part of the bone is #1?

B. What specific part of the bone is #2?
A. Greater trochanter

B. Lateral femoral condyle
Name 2 bones Dr. Williams and/or her horse have broken or other skeletal conditions they might have had.
1. Clavicle
2. Collar bone
What is the scientific name for the disorder commonly called a "Jumper's Bump"?
subluxation of the sacral iliac joint
The supraspinatus muscle lies on what side (directional term) of the scapula?
Craniolateral
Name 3 extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb.
1. Brachiocephalicus
2. Latissimus dorsai
3. Trapezius
The middle gluteal muscle in the horse inserts on what specific part of the femur?
Greater trochanter
Name 1 muscle in each category:

Abdominal
Thorax
Spinal
Abdominal - Rectus abdominis

Thorax - internal intercostals

Spinal - longissimus
What is 1 JOINT that is held in place in the stay apparatus by the lacertsus fibrosis, which connect the tendons of the biceps brachii?
Carpus
Shoulder/Glenohumeral
Scapulohumeral
The extensor carpi radialis lies in which direction to the ulnaris lateralis?
Cranial
What is one major action of the quadriceps muscles?
Extends the stifle
Name two muscles in the forelimb that extend the carpus.
1. Lateral digital extensor
2. Common digital extensor
What action do the supraspinatus, subscapularis, and biceps brachii all have in common?
Extends the shoulder
Name 2 muscles that are present in all carnivores, but not in the horse.
1. Supinator
2. Interosseous muscle
What two muscles are fused in the cow to form the glutobiceps?
1. Superficial gluteal
2. Bicep femoris
List 3 of the structures involved with the stay apparatus of the PELVIC limb in the horse and what joints they act on?
Patellar ligament acts with the stifle joint
Fibrous band acts with the tarsal joint
Tendon of deep digital extensor acts with the ... joint
**Use ruminant muscle photo**

Identify the numbered muscles in the diagram below AND what is the origin/attachment of each muscle. (i.e. list your answer this way... greater tubercle of humerus/olecranon of ulna...so first is the origin, second is the attachment)

#2:
Muscle:
Origin/Attachment:

#24:
Muscle:
Origin/Attachment:

#14:
Muscle:
Origin/Attachment:
#2
Muscle: brachiocephalicus
O/A: skull/forelimb

#24
Muscle: deltoid
O/A: spine of scapula/deltoid tuberosity

#14
Muscle: gastrocnemius
O/A: femur/Calcanean tuberosity
Identify the numbered muscles in the diagram below AND name one action for each.

#9
Muscle
Action

#14
Muscle
Action

#31
Muscle
Action
#9
Muscle: semitendinosus
Action: extend hip

#14
Muscle: long digital extensor
Action: extends digits

#31
Muscle: deep pectoral
Action: adduct forelimb
**Use the muscle limb photo — head on LL***

Name the muscle, bone, or joint listed below: (HINT, first make sure you know what side you are on, this is a superficial dissection)

#7 (bone)

#2 (muscle)

#4 (muscle)
7 = radius

2 = subscapularis

4 = medial head of triceps brachii
**Use goat pelvic limb photo**

Name the muscle listed below: (HINT: this is a goat pelvic limb!)

#2

#3 (group of muscles)

#7
2 = glutobiceps

3 = quadricep femoris

7 = Deep digital flexor
**Use horse pelvic limb muscle photo**

Name the muscle structure, bone, or joint listed below: (HINT: This is a horse pelvic limb)

#8 (structure)

#2 (structure)

#6 (structure)
8 = superficial digital flexor

2 = Peroneus tertius

6 = Suspensory ligament
**Use horse muscle thoracic limb photo**

Name the muscle, structure, bone, or joint listed below: (HINT: This is a horse medial view, thoracic limb).

A. #3 (joint scientific name):

B. #5 (muscle):

C. #9 (muscle):
3 = glenohumeral joint

5 = bicep brachii

9 = flexor carpi ulnaris
**Use canine thorax muscle photo**

Name the muscle listed below: (HINT: dog thorax, superficial dissection)

A. #5 (specific muscle):

B. #4:
5 = long head of tricep brachii

4 = latissimus dorsai
Where is the insertion site of the coracobrachialis?
Lester tubercle of the humerus (medial side)
What is Dr. Williams' favorite muscle?
Gastrocnemius
What structure anchors edges of the AV valves to the papillary muscles in the ventricles?
Tendinous chords
What are the two veins where you can take blood on a dog?
1. Jugular
2. Lateral Saphenous
What artery passes through the supracondylar foramen of the humerus in cats
Brachial
What are 2 arteries you can take the pulse of a horse from
1. Facial
2. Median
What artery is an unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the descending colon and rectum
Caudal mesentary
What is the name of the first branch of the aortic arch, present in all domestic species
Brachiocephalic trunk
What is the major lymphatic drainage route of the abdominal organs?
Cisterna chyli
All blood cells are produced where in mammals?
Bone marrow
What is the function of the spleen in all mammals?
Filters the bloodstream
What are the 2 primary lymphatic organs?
1. Bone marrow
2. Thymus
Name 2 lymph nodes that can be normally palpated in the cow?
1. Mandibular
2. Subiliac
When looking at the inside of the heart, what are 2 ways you can tell which space is the LEFT ventricle?
1. The left ventricle stretches all the way to the apex of the heart

2. The ... of the left ventricle is thinner than the right
List the path that blood takes through the heart (and all the parts the blood touches), starting and ending with the vena cava (complete circle but I do not need details within the body, ONLY THE HEART). NOTE: Please list your parts like this... Vena Cava - xxxx - xxxx - xxxx - Etc....- Vena Cava. If one part has multiple parts within it you can put it like this ... Part X (a, b, c) - Part Y - etc. ...
cranial/caudal vena cava - right atrium (right auricle, pectinate muscle) - right AV valve - right ventricle (chordae tendineae, conus arterious, moderator band, papillary muscle) - pulmonary artery - pulmonary trunk - lung - pulmonary vein - left atrium (left auricle, pectinate muscle) - left AV valve - left ventricle (chordae tendineae, papillary muscle) - aorta - vena cava
List the pathway blood flows starting as it leaves the heart and going down the THORACIC limb in a cow (one way flow only)? NOTE: write this like Part XX - part YY - part ZZ - etc.... (NOTE: Do not include branches, only direct continuation of the flow. )
...
In regards to their location, what type of organ are kidneys?
Retroperitoneal
What is the capillary meshwork structure that serves as the first layer of filter for renal blood flow called?
Glomerulus
What is the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Name two things, other than filtrate or urine, that are produced by the kidney
1. Renin
2. Erythropoietin
What part of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
What part is present in the unipyramidal (Unilobar) kidney that is not present in the multipyramidal kidneys?
Renal crest
**Use ruminant vein image**

Identify the arteries in the figure below AND the direct continuation of that artery (i.e. the next artery distal/caudal to it)
1. Artery: aortic arch; Continuation: thoracic aorta

2. Artery: brachial artery; Continuation: median artery

3. Artery: popliteal artery; Continuation: cranial tibial artery
**Use the open heart drawing**

Identify the following SPECIFIC structures (not spaces) of the heart from the diagrams below

#2 and #15
#2 = pectinate muscle

#15 = right AV opening
**Use the open heart image**

Identify the structures or spaces on the picture below.

#2 (space):

#8 (structure):

#10 (structure):
2 = R ventricle

8 = chordae tendineae

10 = ossa cordis
**Use closed heart image**

Identify the structures or spaces on the picture below.

A. #2 (space inside the heart):

B. #5 (SPECIFIC structure):

C. #3 (SPECIFIC structure):
2 = left ventricle

5 = right auricle

3 = Paraconal interventricular groove
**Use open kidney image**

Identify the structures or parts of the structures on the figure below.

What structures are the arrows pointing to?

#6 and #1

What structures are in the circles?

#5 and #7 (HINT for 7 - red speckles!):
6 = interlobar artery

1 = renal pyramid

5 = caylx

7 = interlobular artery
**Use the nephron diagram**

Identify the structure at each of the numbers listed.

#'s: 3, 4, 6
3 = glomerulus

4 = bowman's capsule

6 = distal convoluted tubule
The internal pudendal artery is a direction continuation of what artery?
Internal iliac
Specifically what two steroids are produced in the adrenal cortex
1. Cortisol
2. Aldosterone
What species does NOT have a gall bladder?
Horse
In the composite stomach of the horse or pig, the visible internal raised line that separates the stomach's linings is called what
Folded margin
Where is the main site of fermentation in ruminant animals
Rumen
What are ever-growing teeth that mapmaker up a horse's permanent teeth (exception of canines), ruminant cheek, pig tusks?
Hypsodont teeth
What is the opening going from the cecum to the colon
Cecocolic orifice
What is the opening from the esophagus into the stomach called?
Cardia
What is the name of the mineral concentrations that can obstruct the colon causing an impaction colic?
Enteroliths
What is the type of connecting peritoneum between the intestines and the reproductive tract to the abdominal wall?
Mesentaries
What is the dental formula of a male cat?
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P3/2, M 1/1) = 30
Where is the chief site of digestion and absorption in monogastric?
Small intestine
List 2 functions of the pancreas
1. Endocrine: secrete insulin and glucagon

2. Exocrine: secrete pancreatic enzymes that aid in digestion
Bile is first secretes by the bile canaliculi, and then goes to the _____ ____ to unite with the lobular ducts that then join with the hepatic duct
Interlobar ducts
The _____ _____ is a sac storing and concentrating bile that aids in digestion and lubrication of food entering the duodenum
Gall bladder
In the pig, what is the name of the expanded portion of the fundus
Gastric diverticulum
Name 2 functions of the liver
1. Metabolism of carbs and fats
2. Form and secrete bile
Name the salivary glands located (A) just under the ear and (B) at the angle of the jaw
A = parotid
B = mandibular
In which species is the ileocolic orifice NOT present
Horse
Name ONE of the parts of the horse's large intestine that is MOST likely to be the cause of an impaction colic
Cecum
The dental formula in a horse varies based on if they have the first pre-molar in the upper cascade called the _____ _____
Wolf teeth
Name, IN ORDER, the parts of the horse's ascending colon (include flex urges)
1. R ventral colon
2. Sternal flexure
3. L ventral colon
4. Pelvic flexure
5. L dorsal colon
6. Diaphragmatic flexure
7. Right dorsal colon
Which lobes (and lobe divisions) or processes of the LIVER are missing from each species below?

Horse:
Cow:
Dog:
Pig:
Horse: right divisions are missing and papillary process
Cow: missing divisions on both right and left lobes
Dog: none
Pig: missing papillary process
In a dog, outline the path feed takes, naming ALL the parts (and parts of parts), starting at the mouth and ending at the anus? BE SPECIFIC but only include parts within the digestive tract!
mouth (brachydont teeth (2(I3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3) = 42), saliva, tongue (tongue cartilage) hard palate, soft palate, epigottis) - esophagus - stomach (greater curviture, lesser curviture, cardia, body, pylorus), duodenum (cranial part, cranial duodenal flexure, descending duodenum, caudal flexure, ascending duodenum, duodenojeujunal flexure) - jejunum - ileum - cecum (ileocecal fold, cecocolic opening) - ascending colon (ileocolic opening) - transverse colon - descending colon - rectum - anal canal - anal sacs - anus
In the cow, outline the path that feed takes naming ALL the parts (including parts of parts) that the food touches, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus. NOTE: Include ALL extramural glands and organs as well!
mouth (brachydont and hypsodont teeth [2(I 0/4, P 3/3, M 3/3) = 32], saliva, salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, sublingual, zygomatic), dental pad, tongue (tongus linguae, lingual fossa), hard palate, soft palate, epigottis) - esophagus - rumen - reticulum - regurgitation (esophagus, mouth) - esophagus - reticulorumen - omasum - abomasum - duodenum (cranial part (sigmoid loop), cranial dudodenal flexure, descending duodenum, caudal flexure, ascending duodenum, duodenojeujunal flexure) - jejunum - ileum - cecum (ileocecal fold, cecocolic opening) - ascending colon (proximal loop, spiral loop, distal loop) - transverse colon - descending colon (sigmoid flexure) - rectum - anal canal - anus

Where does liver, gall bladder, and pancreas go?
**Use the swine GI tract image**

Identify the structures (#1 and #2) in the figure below AND list one thing that makes the part of this species pictured below similar (OR different) from one other species. BE SPECIFIC!
#1: Part: cecum; Difference: pigs and horses use their cecum for fermentation

#2: Part: spiral loop; Difference: the pig is the only animal where the ascending colon is called the spiral loop
What is fat in the feces called?
Steatorrhea
How long is an average size horse's small intestine
70 feet
What is the rostral most cartilage in the larynx that closes the laryngeal opening during deglutition and protects the lungs from foreign bodies
Epiglottis
Name the major site of gas exchange in the respiratory system
Alveoli
Name one function of the respiratory system that is NOT related to breathing
Olfaction
What process, absent in the cat, is the rostral horn-like process that forms the dorsal of the laryngeal opening?
Corniculate process
The major muscle that allows for inspiration and expiration is called what?
Diaphragm
What is a partial paralysis of the arytenoid cartilage in horses called?
Laryngeal hemiplegia
What are the large air-filled openings of the auditory tubes in the horse called?
Guttural pouch
Name one species that has respiratory bronchioles or bronchioles that also contain some alveoli
Dogs
The smooth muscle that connects the dorsal tracheal cartilages is called what?
Trachealis muscle
Any delicately folded bony structure in the nasal cavity of an animal is called what
Conchae
What is the opening that allows for the passage of the esophagus from the throacic cavity into the abdominal cavity
Esophageal hiatus
What is the bony, cartilaginous and membranous partition dividing the right and left nasal cavity
Median nasal septum
What is the largest meatus located between the ventral nasal conch and the hard palate, leading directly into the nasopharynx
Ventral nasal meatus
What is the termination of the trachea called
Tracheal bifurcation
What is the short passageway connecting the ventral nasal meatus and the caudal nares called?
Nasopharyngeal meatus
What is the paired auxiliary olfactory organ located in the soft tissue of the nasal septum called?
vomeronasal organ
What is the ring shaped cartilage connecting the thyroid cartilage and the trachea called?
Cricoid
What is the narrowest space of the lumen located between the vocal cords and vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilage called?
Glottic cleft
What is the general term for the serosa lining the thoracic cavity and the organs, forming 2 pleural sacs called?
Pleura
What are the two species that have a tracheal bronchus?
1. Pig
2. Ruminant
List the lobes of the lungs in the generalized pattern

Left:

Right:
Left: cranial (cranial and caudal parts), caudal

Right: cranial, middle, caudal, accessory
Describe how the lobes of the lungs are different from the 'generalized pattern' in the following species (include divisions of the lobes as well, if there is no difference put 'none'):

Horse
Cow
Dog
Pig
Horse: left is not divided, right middle is missing
Cow: left none, right cranial lobe is divided
Dog: none
Pig: none
List the flow of oxygen through the respiratory system of a cow. Start at the nose and end at the point of gas exchange. REMEMBER to BE SPECIFIC (and include lobes of the lungs)!! NOTE: The more details, the better!!
...
**Use horse larynx image**

Identify the parts indicated in the diagram

#'s: 2,3,6 (specific part),7 (specific part),8, and 9
#2 = thyroid
#3 = cricoid
#6 = muscular process
#7 = corniculate process
#8 = hyoid apparatus
#9 = lingual process
**Use larynx image**

Identify the parts indicated in the diagram below
1 - corniculate process
2 - vocal process
3 - vocal cord
4 - lateral ventricle
5 - epiglottis
6 - glottic cleft
What is the scientific name for the condition when a horse that bleeds from the lungs due to a burst of a small thin walled capillaries
Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH)
What is it called to surgically puncture of the chest wall for drainage of fluid
Thoracocentesis
The mare and the cow have what type of uterus in which the horns are only moderately developed
Bicornuate
The process of sperm differentiation started in started in the seminiferous tubules, then moves through the rete testis, which then leads directly into the _______ ________
Efferent ducts
The external urethral orifice in females is locates at the ___________ junction
Vaginovestibular
Name one species that has two cervices
Rabbits
What is the function of the cervix in all animals
Protect the internal undermine environment
Name two species in which the ovaries are located just caudal to the kidney's above the pelvis
1. Ruminant
2. Dog
Name 2 of the 3 layers of the uterus
Layer A: endometrium
Layer B: myometrium
What is the expanded, funnel-shaped ovarian end of the uterine tube called
Infundibulum
What is the scientific term for the removal of the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
Ovariohysterectomy
Fertilization of the oocyte occurs in which part of the female reproductive tract (be specific)
Ampullary-isthmus junction
In the male reproductive tract, what are the hollow structures where the germs of cells differentiate to spermatozoa
Seminiferous tubules
What is the fibrous tissue that runs through the middle of the testis and contains the rete testis
Mediastinum testis
Which paired accessory sex gland is absent in carnivores, is dorsal lateral to the bladder and secretes a fluid rich in fructose
Vesicular gland
What is the strong, white, fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis
Tunica albuginea
What is the structure that consists of coils of veins around the testicular artery to aid in temperature regulation of the testis?
Pampiniform plexus
What structures suspend the reproductive tract in pelvic cavity and connects visceral peritoneum to parietal peritoneum of abdominal wall
Broad ligament
Where in the testis does the maturation of sperm cell occur (be specific)
Head and body of the epididymis
What structure are regularly spaced circular to avoid thickenings of the endometrium? And what species are they present in?

Structure

Species
Structures = caruncles

Species = ruminants
What are 3 individual structures that make up the spermatic cord
1. Vas deferens
2. Veins
3. Nerves
Explain 2 different methods of temperature regulation for the testicles (must have the name of the part and a brief explanation of how it regulates temperature).
cremaster muscle is a part of the testicle that descends into the scrotum, away from the body when temperature increases, and moves closer to the body when temperative decreases

pampiniform plexus uses venus blood that leaves the testis to cool the warmth of arterial flow to the testis
There are many interspecies differences in the male glans penis. Describe one way in which the male glans penis of each species listed is unique in comparison to the other species listed below.

Cat
Billy Goat (ruminant)
Boar
Dog
Cat: spines
Billy Goat: extended urethral process
Boar: corkscrew glans
Dog: os penis
**Use cervix photo**

Identify the structures indicated in the figure below AND list one species difference with that structure using this species as part of your difference.

A. Structure #3:

B. Difference for #3:

C. Structure #2:

D. Difference for #2:

E. Structure (BE SPECIFIC!) #6:

F. Difference for #6:
#3
Structure: ovary
Difference: only horses have an ovulation fossa, pigs no not

#2
Structure: uterine horn
Difference: pigs have overdeveloped uterine horns while horses do not

#6
Structure: pulvini
Difference: only pigs have pulvini in cervix, dogs and horses have a simple cervix
**Use male repro image**

Identify the structures indicated in the figure below

3,4,5,9 (specific part), 10,11,13, and 15
3 - glans penis
4 - sigmoid flexure
5 - testis
9 - tail of epididymis
10 - retractor penis muscle
11 - vas deferns
13 - vesicular gland
15 - bulbourethral gland
1. What type of penis is shown in the diagram below and which species is it from?

Type:
Species:

2. What are 2 differences that are unique to the reproductive system of this species compared to others?

Difference A:
Difference B:
1.
Type: musculocavernous
Species: horse

2.
Difference A: stallions have an extended prepuce
Difference B: stallions can form beans, other animals do not
what is the name of the vet in the palpating videos
Dr. Pol
What is the purpose of the backward spines on a cat's glans penis
To induce ovulation in the female
The "white of the eye", or __________, is the caudal part consisting of fibrous tissue that gives shapes and protects inner structures.
Sclera
What is the reflective area of the eye that allows animals' eyes to glow when light is shined in them?
Tapetum lucidum
Name 2 parts in the inner ear associated with equilibrium.
1. Semicircular ducts
2. Saccule
What is the small shell-like part of the inner ear associated with hearing called
Cochlea
What is another name for the "nervous coat" of the eye?
Retina
What part of the eye is made of collagenous fibers that don't interfere with the passage of light?
Cornea
What is the middle layer of the eyeball called?
Vascular tunic
What is the wedge-shaped structure between the sole, bars, heel bulbs, and apex of the hoof that is used to pump blood out of the foot and back toward the body?
Frog
Name 4 parts of the middle ear
1 = tympanic membrane
2 = malleus
3 = incus
4 = stapes
What are simple, alveolar oil glands connected to hair follicles called?
Sebaceous glands
What part of the hoof is part of the dermis that suspends the distal phalanx to the hoof wall using papillae to help increase surface area and tightly bind the epidermis to the dermis
Lamina
What is the muscle that connects the sides of the hair to the dermis that contracts to pull the hair vertical during cold, stress, or fright?
Arrector pili muscle
What is the area of a mammary gland called between the mamma and the teat, which is the storage cavity within the teat?
Milk sinus
What is the scientific name for the process of the frontal bone of the skull that is typically called horns?
Corneal process
Name one of the two muscles that react to light to change pupil size?
Pupillary constrictor
Name both of the channels in the bony cochlea that are associated with the windows in the ear.
Channel 1: Scala vestibuli
Channel 2: Scala tympani
What is the watery fluid in the eye that helps maintain the ocular pressure called?
Aqueous humor
What is the organ of hearing consisting of a series of hair cells on the inner surface of the membranous labyrinth called?
Spinal organ
List 2 functions of the skin
Regulate body temperature
Excretes water and salts
Name 4 parts of the inner ear associated with hearing.
Spiral organ
Cochlea
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Outline the flow of sound waves through the ear to produce sound, starting with the outer ear and ending with the signal to the brain.
sound waves - pinna - external auditory meatus - ear drum - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - perilymph - scala vestibuli - scala tympani - roung window - buldges middle ear and then back - scala tympani - scala vestibuli - cochlear duct endolymph - spiral organ (hair cells) - vestibulocochlear nerve VIII - brain
**Use eye anatomy photo**

Identify the structures or parts of structures indicated in the figure below

what is number 10 and what is one animal that has it?
Also identify #'s 2, 5, 7, 8
10 = granula eritica and one animal that has this part is ruminants
2 = cornea
5 = ciliary process
7 = lens
8 = iris
**Use inner ear photo**

Identify the structures or parts of structures indicated in the figure below (Scientific Names PLEASE!)

#'s: 1,2,5,6,9,10 (opening)
1 - external auditory meatus
2 - tympanic membrane
5 - stapes
6 - saccule
9 - cochlear duct
10 - round window
**Use horse foot image**

Identify the specific structures or parts of the structures indicated the figure below.

#'s: 2,7,9,10
2 = quarter
7 = sole
9 = frog
10 = bulbs of the heel
**Use skin diagram**

Identify the specific structures or parts of structures indicated in the figure below.

#'s: 3,4,5,9
3 = subcutis
4 = sweat gland
5 = sebaceous gland
9 = hair follicle
What is the name of the horse that broke his hind leg and ended up being euthanized because of laminitis?
Barbaro
In class what did Dr. Williams say was the easiest way to remember the auditory ossicles?
The hammer hits the anvil to make the stirrup.
What part of the nervous system is afferent with primary nerve cell bodies outside the CNS and travels ascending tracts?
Sensory nervous system
What supports cells in the nervous system are wrapped around neurons in the PNS and make myelin
Schwann cells
What is the functional unit of the nervous system
Neurons
What are 2 cranial nerves responsible for movement of the eye
1. Oculomotor nerve
2. Abducens
What happens to nerves during lead poisoning?
destroys myelin around nerve cells (Demyelination)
What system within the nervous system is involved with maintaining homeostasis? AND what part of the brain is responsible (part or section)?

System:

Part of brain:
System: autonomic nervous system

Part of brain: hypothalamus
The medulla oblongata is where the vital reflex centers are located, what is the scientific name for that region of the brain? (HINT: -encephalon)
Myelencephalon
What functional classification of the nervous system is responsible for relaying voluntary information from the CNS to skeletal muscle and is required for movement?
Somatic nervous system
Which cranial nerve (name and Roman numeral #) senses taste, aids in swallowing, and regulates salivation?

Name:

Number:
Name: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Number: CNIX
In which region of the brain are the oculomotor and trochlear cranial nerves located (HINT: -encephalon)
Mesencephalon
Name 2 of the 3 meninges of the spinal cord
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
What is the name of the cranial nerve that is the largest nerve arising from the pons and has three divisions?
Trigeminal nerve
Give the name of 2 cranial nerves with an ANS branch
1. Oculomotor
2. Vagus
In which region of the brain are the cerebellum and pons located (HINT: -encephalon)
Metencephalon
The mesencephalon (or midbrain) consists of what 2 main structures?
1. Crus cereberi
2. Corpus quadrigemina
Name 2 cranial nerves that innervate the tongue for either sensation or motor purposes
1. Glossopharyngeal
2. Facial
In what space in the spinal column does cerebrospinal fluid circulate?
Subarachnoid space
What is the end of the spinal cord called?
Cauda equina
List 3 differences between the sensory motor and nervous system
Sensory nervous system: is afferent, travels towards the brain, has ganglia that are ascending low

Motor nervous system: is efferent, travels away from the brain, has ganglia that are descending
List 3 differences between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system: is responsible for "fight or flight", speeds up and BP and GI movement, its postganglia produce neuroepinephrine

Parasympathetic nervous system: is responsible for "rest and digest", slows down BP and GI movement, its postganglia produce acetylcholin
**Use non-divided lateral view brain photo**

Identify the indicated structures of the brain:

#5

Name the lobes of #'s 2, 3, and 10
5 = transverse fissure

2 = frontal lobe

3 = parietal lobe

10 = temporal lobe
**Use divided whole brain photo**

Identify the structures or spaces indicated on the picture.

#'s: 8, 9, 7 (space), 5 (be specific), 12, and 14
8 = thalamus

9 = hypothalamus

7 = lateral ventricle

5 = superior colliculi

12 = pineal body

14 = medulla oblongata
**Use divided half brain photo**

Identify the structures and spaces indicated on the picture

#'s: 11 (space), 10 (space), 7 (structure), 4

And what is #4 responsible for?
11 = fourth ventricle

10 = cerebral aquaduct

7 = corpus colosseum

4 = choroid plexus

Choroid plexus is responsible for making cerebral spinal fluid
**Use the non-divided brain bottom view + probe photo**

Identify the structures indicated on the picture

#'s: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 (be specific), 9 (cranial nerve), 8 (cranial nerve)

The of the cranial nerve under the probe
2 = optic chiasm

4 = optic tract

5 = pituitary

6 = pons

7 = pyramids

9 = trigeminal nerve

8 = vestibulocochlear nerve

Probe = oculomotor nerve
**Use white coating brain photo**

What is the white coating around the brain called
Dura matter
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