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Lifecycle Nutrition - Chapter 12

Terms in this set (34)

senescence
the natural physical decline brought about by aging
- begin after 30
- normal aging
activates of daily living (ADLs)
body composition change
decline in:
- lean body mass
- bone mass
increase in:
adipose tissue
menopause
endocrine changes
- decline of estrogen
- cardiovascular risk
andropause
endocrine change
- decline in testosterone
- insulin resistant/cardiovascular risk
somatopause
endocrine change
- decline in growth hormone
- decrease in protein synthesis and immune function
saropenia
decline in lean body mass due to aging
- loss of muscle strength and mass
- decrease in protein synthesis -> decrease in muscle repair
- diet and exercise impacts
- specific nutrients: vitamin C, D, E, protein, carotenoids
cachexia
decline in lean body mass due to disease
bone health changes
due to the decrease or estrogen and testosterone
- 20-40% due to lifestyle factors
specific nutrients: Ca, P, Fl, Mg, Na, vitamin D
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
the energy required for body processes at rest
- slowing organ metabolic rate -> lower RMR
leading cause of death
heart disease and cancer
- diet is a global disease
energy balance
overweight/obesity stem from
- low physical activity
- obesogenic environment
- genetics
affect economy: medical consequences
Healthy People 2020
want to change diet and weight based on behavior, policies and environment
fad diets
popular for only a short time
- harmful to health
orthorexia
obsession with healthy eating
- societal pressures
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
energy balance
- based on age, sex, weight...
- declines with age
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
energy needed to support body functions
-45-70% of total energy expenditure
thermic effect of food (TEF)
energy required for digestion of food
- raise energy expenditure by 10%
physical activity level (PAL)
included everyday activities and lifestyle
- 20-40% of energy expenditure
macronutrients
carbs: 4 kcal/g (50%)
protein: 4 kcal/g (20%)
fats: 9 kcal/g (30%
carbohydtares
functional fibers - nondigestible foods from plants
vitamins and minerals
- small amounts
- development, disease prevention
unconsumed micronutrients
- K, Cl, Mg, Ca, vitamins A, D, E, C, iron
vitamin A
immune function and cellular communication
vitamin C
water soluble
vitamin D
bone health
vitamin E
fat soluble antioxidant
calcium
bone health, blood vessel health
iron
hemoglobin
potassium
nerve impulse and muscle contraction
magnesium
energy production and protein synthesis
sodium
blood pressure and fluid status
- over 2,300
Dietary Guidlines for Americans (DGA)
veggies, fruits, whole grain, protein
- limit: sat/trans fats, added sugar, Na
physical activity
150 mins a week
- aerobic -> decrease a lot of risks
- muscle-strengthening -> improve bone and muscle mass
health promotion
"sisters together: move more, eat better"
- SNAP - federally funded to help families gain food security
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