3520 - Exam 1

In some indigenous tribes of lowland South America, people do not understand that one sperm fertilizes one egg, and therefore believe that a child can have many fathers. Although this is biologically inaccurate, it offers the benefit of

A) ensuring women remain sexually faithful to husbands.
B) guaranteeing that low-status men have more biological offspring.
C) giving women the option of choosing who fathers each of their children.
D) producing more male support and protection for children.
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In some indigenous tribes of lowland South America, people do not understand that one sperm fertilizes one egg, and therefore believe that a child can have many fathers. Although this is biologically inaccurate, it offers the benefit of

A) ensuring women remain sexually faithful to husbands.
B) guaranteeing that low-status men have more biological offspring.
C) giving women the option of choosing who fathers each of their children.
D) producing more male support and protection for children.
D) producing more male support and protection for children.
In research studies, people have been asked what behaviors they consider to be "having sex." Considering the studies discussed in class, which of the following is false about their subjective definitions? The definitions were

A) not always consistent with the descriptions of their own behavior as being sex or not.
B) inconsistent with their behavior if they needed to protect their self-concept or self-esteem.
C) inconsistent with the same behaviors that they would consider cheating if done by a sexual partner.
D) never affected by whether the behavior could result in pregnancy.
D) never affected by whether the behavior could result in pregnancy.
People who choose to participate in sex research may differ from the general population. One difference is that participants tend to

A) over-represent older adults.
B) have more permissive attitudes about sex
C) be less educated.
D) have more conservative beliefs about premarital sex.
B) have more permissive attitudes about sex
Because Kinsey's research participants were individuals recruited from various professional, social, and community organizations, his sample was

A) a stratified random sample.
B) not embarrassed or uncomfortable.
C) not representative of the general population
D) an accredited sample.
C) not representative of the general population
Which of these is a potential problem for surveys used in sex research?

A) lying
B) faulty recall
C) inaccurate calculations
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
One of the most representative sexual surveys of the U.S. population is

A) Kinsey's surveys.
B) The National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS).
C) The Hite Report.
D) The Playboy Foundation Survey.
B) The National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS).
Who was (were) the first to directly observe and record the physiological responses of humans engaged in sexual activity under laboratory conditions, and to publish this data?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Magnus Hirschfeld
C) Masters & Johnson
D) Havelock Ellis
C) Masters & Johnson
8. A penile strain gauge

A) is used to study changes in women's internal sex organs.
B) measures a man's erectile response by recording changes in the length of the penis.
C) indicates the level of blood congestion by measuring the amount of light reflected from the internal sex
organs.
D) measures a man's erectile response by recording changes in the circumference of the penis.
D) measures a man's erectile response by recording changes in the circumference of the penis.
A researcher wants to study the effect of exercise on sexual responsiveness. She assigns individuals to two groups. One group participates in structured exercise four times a week. The other group does not participate in the exercise program. Each week, individuals complete a questionnaire regarding sexual responsiveness. What is the dependent variable in this study?

A) No exercise
B) Exercise four times a week
C) Participants' sexual responsiveness
D) The passage of time
C) Participants' sexual responsiveness
If a study shows that there is a significant positive correlation between frequency of masturbation and frequency of intercourse with partners, then this means that

A) people who masturbate more also tend to have sex with partners more frequently.
B) people who masturbate more tend to have sex less frequently with partners.
C) masturbating more is a sign that people do not have frequent sex with partners.
D) masturbating leads people to be more sexual with their partners.
A) people who masturbate more also tend to have sex with partners more frequently.
A researcher is interested in whether extended premarital counseling (for example, 12 weekly meetings versus 1 or 2 meetings) influences marital happiness. If the researcher wants to be able to claim that extended marital counseling causes an increase in marital happiness, which research method should be used? A) Observational study B) Experimental study C) Correlational study D) Survey researchB) Experimental studyA woman who shaves off all of her pubic hair A) increases the chance that sperm will penetrate the vagina B) decreases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. C) may be inadvertently lowering her fertility. D) eliminates the mons veneris E) reduces vaporizing odors that act as pheromonesE) reduces vaporizing odors that act as pheromonesWhich of the following is the normal appearance of the labia majora? A) They are usually thick, pronounced, and noticeable as folds of skin. B) They are usually thin, flat, and not very noticeable as folds unless pulled apart. C) They are usually hairless, light -colored membrane of tissue around the vaginal opening. D) They may be thick or thin, pronounced or flat, noticeable or less noticeable; all are normal variations.D) They may be thick or thin, pronounced or flat, noticeable or less noticeable; all are normal variations.Which of the following is true regarding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or Cutting? A) A cliteridectomy is surgically analogous to male circumcision. B) Conducting FGM is a commandment in the Koran, the holy book of the Islamic faith C) FGM is an attempt to ensure women are virgins and do not engage in extramarital relations. D) Laws against FGM have been effective in decreasing its incidence in African countriesC) FGM is an attempt to ensure women are virgins and do not engage in extramarital relations.Which of the following is a common MYTH about the hymen? A) Some girls are born without a hymen. B) Upon first sexual intercourse, females' hymen will break and bleed. C) Sperm cells can make their way past the hymen into the vagina. D) The hymen may be perforated due to tampon insertion.B) Upon first sexual intercourse, females' hymen will break and bleed.A musky smell from the vagina is an indication of A) vaginal infection B) too much lactic acid C) a normal healthy vagina D) the need for feminine hygiene productsC) a normal healthy vaginaAn anxious teenager notices increased vaginal discharge about a week after her last period. She is not experiencing pain, itching, or unusual odor. Her doctor is likely to tell her that A) changes in cervical mucus are normal during the menstrual cycle B) changes in cervical mucus are unusual in healthy women. C) her symptoms suggest an easily treatable yeast infection D) she should be tested for cancer with a Pap smear. E) the increased discharge suggests endometriosis.A) changes in cervical mucus are normal during the menstrual cycleThe ovaries A) develop from embryonic tissue different from the testicles. B) produce ova and sex hormones. C) are physically connected to the Fallopian tubes by the fimbria. D) none of the above.B) produce ova and sex hormones.Breast size is primarily determined by A) the amount of fatty tissue. B) the number of mammary glands. C) the amount of connective tissue D) none of the aboveA) the amount of fatty tissue.Which of the following statements is true regarding women's menstrual cycles? A) In Western culture, negative attitudes can be traced no farther back than the Puritans. B) Some Native Americans believed the menses was a time to receive spiritual wisdom in dreams and visions. C) Couples should avoid intercourse because the chance of infection is greatest at this time D) Couples should avoid intercourse because the chance of pregnancy is greatest at this time.B) Some Native Americans believed the menses was a time to receive spiritual wisdom in dreams and visions.The menstrual flow does NOT contain A) uterine tissue. B) blood. C) hormones in the blood. D) cervical mucus.C) hormones in the blood.A condition in which endometrium tissue grows in places other than the inner uterus is called A) endometriosis. B) dysmenorrhea. C) amenorrhea. D) toxic shock syndrome.A) endometriosis.In a pap test, what types of cells are examined for abnormalities? A) Cells from the vaginal walls B) Cells from the endometrium C) Cells from the fallopian tubes D) Cells from the cervixD) Cells from the cervixWhich of the following is true? A) The 2012 policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is that the risks of circumcision in newborns outweigh the benefits. B) The American Urological Society has approved the safety and effectiveness of surgery to enlarge the penis C) The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has approved the safety and effectiveness of cosmetic vaginal rejuvenation procedures, such as labiaplasty D) Research indicates that the majority of women who have breast augmentation surgery experience consequent complications and problems.D) Research indicates that the majority of women who have breast augmentation surgery experience consequent complications and problems.The most erotically sensitive areas of a man's genitals are the A) scrotum and testicles B) corona and frenulum C) corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa D) penile shaft and testicles E) urethra and urethral opening.B) corona and frenulumThe cheese-like, foul smelling secretion that can collect under the foreskin is called A) crura B) smegma C) corona D) prepuceB) smegmaWhen a man has an erection, which parts of his penis become engorged with blood? A) Urethra and frenulum B) Frenulum and corpus spongiosum C) Urethra and corpora cavernosa D) Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosumD) Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosumWhich of the following statements is true? A) Differences in penis size are more apparent when the penis is flaccid than fully erect. B) Most women report that their sexual satisfaction during intercourse is directly related to penis size. C) Penis size is related to a man's overall build, height, and hand size. D) Exercising the penis can cause an increase in its size.A) Differences in penis size are more apparent when the penis is flaccid than fully erect.Testosterone is produced in A) the testicles. B) the epididymus. C) the seminal vesicles. D) the vas deferens.A) the testicles.Why can frequently taking very hot baths affect a man's fertility? A) It creates the ideal temperature for sperm production B) It keeps a man's testes close to the body where they are well protected. C) It raises the temperature of the scrotum, which decreases sperm production. D) It contracts the scrotum and testes, decreasing sperm production.C) It raises the temperature of the scrotum, which decreases sperm production.The correct sequence regarding the path that sperm take on their journey out of a man's body is A) testes -> ejaculatory ducts -> vas deferens -> urethra > epididymus B) testes -> epididymus-> vas deferens -> ejaculatory ducts -> urethra C) ejaculatory ducts -> epididymus -> vas deferens -> prostate - > urethra D) scrotum -> vas deferens › testes - > urethra - › ejaculatory ductsB) testes -> epididymus-> vas deferens -> ejaculatory ducts -> urethraThe alkaline nature of semen A) helps to neutralize the acidity of the vagina. B) matches the alkalinity of the vagina. C) helps to increase the acidity of the vagina. D) helps to slow the motility of sperm.A) helps to neutralize the acidity of the vagina.In males, the build-up of sperm and semen in the posterior portion of the urethra, in particular in the urethral bulb, is referred to as __________. The contraction of the pelvic muscles that force semen through the urethra and out of the body through the penis is referred to as __________. A) expulsion; resolution B) emission; expulsion C) seminal delay; emission D) resolution; seminal pushB) emission; expulsionWhich of the following statements is true about testicular cancer? A) Testicular cancer most often occurs in younger men B) Self-examination of the testes is not recommended until after sexual behavior has begun C) Testicular cancer results from sexual activity, particularly masturbation D) Testicular cancer is usually fatalA) Testicular cancer most often occurs in younger menThe tendency of aging men to have difficulty urinating is most closely linked to A) prostatitis. B) prostate cancer: C) enlarged prostate. D) testicular atrophy.C) enlarged prostate.Which of the following shows the correct order of the phases of the Masters and Johnson sexual response cycle? A) Excitement -> orgasm -> plateau -› resolution B) Plateau > excitement > orgasm › resolution C) Excitement -> plateau -› orgasm -› resolution D) Engorgement -> erection -> emission -› ejaculation E) Stimulation -› orgasm -› refractory period -› reboundC) Excitement -> plateau -› orgasm -› resolutionWhen sexually aroused, the first physiological responses are A) erection of the penis in men and erection of the clitoris in women. B) production of testosterone in men and production of estrogen in women. C) secretions from the Cowper's glands in men and vaginal lubrication in women. D) erection of the penis in men and vaginal lubrication in women.A) erection of the penis in men and erection of the clitoris in women.Which of the following statements regarding vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal is true? A) Women's subjective reports of sexual arousal are consistent with physiological measures indicating the presence of vaginal lubrication. B) Vaginal lubrication results from the walls of the vagina becoming engorged with blood. C) The presence of vaginal lubrication means that a woman is ready to begin intercourse. D) All of the above are true.B) Vaginal lubrication results from the walls of the vagina becoming engorged with blood.While having sex with his wife, Roberto's penis becomes fully erect, the skin of his scrotum tightens, and his testicles pull up very closely against his body at the underside of his penis. These physical changes indicate that Roberto A) is getting tired. B) is about to have an orgasm. C) has received too much sexual stimulation. D) will still have to wait a while before he has an orgasm.B) is about to have an orgasm.'Blue balls' is a slang term for A) the testicular ache sometimes experienced by men who have been sexually aroused but not had an orgasm. B) a string of balls used as a vaginal or anal sex tov. C) the pain a man experiences from continuing coitus after he has ejaculated. D) the depression caused by a man's failure to find a sex partner.A) the testicular ache sometimes experienced by men who have been sexually aroused but not had an orgasm.During orgasm, brain activity _____ in brain regions associated with higher cognitive processing and _____ in brain regions associated with pleasure and reward. A) increases; B) increases; decreases C) decreases; decreases D) decreases; increases E) does not change; decreasesD) decreases; increasesSchubach's studies of women who claim to experience a discharge of fluid during orgasm demonstrate A) female ejaculation is really just the passing of urine. B) female ejaculation does not exist. C) two types of female ejaculation come from two different sources D) there is not sufficient evidence to say that female ejaculation exists.C) two types of female ejaculation come from two different sourcesAfter orgasm, the traditional belief is that men typically enter a refractory period where they A) experience persistent pelvic vasocongestion. B) are physiologically incapable of orgasm or ejaculation. C) can briefly experience multiple orgasms. D) have an extremely low heart rate and low blood pressure.B) are physiologically incapable of orgasm or ejaculation.The tendency for sexual partners to resemble each other on many dimensions is termed A) isogamy B) polygamy C) homogamy D) simpaticoC) homogamyMen say that they find women with a sense of humor to be sexually attractive. In studies, what did a woman having a "sense of humor" mean to the men? A) The ability to make their male partners laugh B) The willingness to laugh at their male partners' jokes C) The ability to tell a good joke D) The enjoyment of good comedy E) The ability to laugh at oneselfB) The willingness to laugh at their male partners' jokesAccording to research on smell, human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), and attraction, A) smell may play an evolutionary role in sexual attraction through its relationship to immune system functioning. B) smell may play an evolutionary role in sexual attraction because good hygiene is more attractive C) smell may play a social-cognitive role in sexual attraction because individuals believe other people's smell is important. D) smell has not been shown to play a role in attraction.A) smell may play an evolutionary role in sexual attraction through its relationship to immune system functioning.Based on the study on, pheromones and activation of the part of the hypothalamus associated with sexual arousal, which of the following statements are true? A) Estratetraenol activated the hypothalamus in heterosexual men. B) Androstadienone activated the hypothalamus in heterosexual women. C) Androstadienone activated the hypothalamus in gay men. D) Both A and B are true. E) All of the above are true.E) All of the above are true.Most substances that have a reputation for enhancing sexual desire or performance, such as oysters, work because A) of chemicals in the substance that affect nerves in the penis or clitoris. B) of chemicals in the substance that affect the brain. C) of chemicals in the substance that affect blood flow. D) of heightened expectations and the social situation.D) of heightened expectations and the social situation.All of the following chemicals can dampen sexual arousal and/or response EXCEPT A) opiates, such as oxycontin. B) bremelantide(PT-141). C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). D) anti-anxiety drugs, such as the benzodiazepinesB) bremelantide(PT-141).Researchers analyzing brain images have determined that similar areas of the brain light up when people are sexuallv aroused, look at a photo of someone they love, or take drugs like cocaine. An analysis of this phenomenon would suggest A) each of these activities stimulates the brain's pleasure center. B) sexual activity and danger are closely connected in our brains. C) brain activity follows a random pattern. D) brain activity reflects one's degree of sexual openness.A) each of these activities stimulates the brain's pleasure center.