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Lifestyle Nutrition - Chapter 13

Terms in this set (29)

abdominal fat
leads to increase in lipids -> risk of cardiovascular disease
factors
- race and ethnicity
- education
- income
- genetics
- physical activity
- environment
- alcohol intake
- smoking
- sleep
selective prevention
targets groups of people at risk
targeted prevention
identifying and serving people at higher risk
registered dietitian nutritionist
- create low-cal diet
- 500-1,000kcal/day
managing
- self-monitoring
- physical activity
- activity monitors (apple watch)
- behavior modification (slowing eating, social support)
- medication
- surgical treatment (bariatric surgery)
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
can lead to lower esophageal sphincter
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
inflammation of the colon and small intestine
Crohn's disease
affect all three mucosa layers
Ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the colon with ulcerations
- malnutrition is present in most patients
- calorie and protein intake
diverticular disease
occurs in diverticula which are found in cavities in the colon
- inflammation of one or more diverticula
- oral antibodies, low fiber meals
gallbladder disease
inability to digestion fatty foods
- gallstones
- acute cholecystitis
- gallbladder is removed
metabolic syndrome
high cholesterol, blood sugar level, high abdominal fat
- cardiovascular disease, low good (HDL), high bad (LDL)
- manage cholesterol and triglycerides, low sat/trans fats
- low triglycerides
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
build up of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
insulin resistance
- genetics and environment
- reduce weight
- physical activity, food intake, low blood glucose levels
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
hypertension
high blood pressure
- stroke, kidney failure
- genetics, ethnicity, age, lifestyle
cardiovascular disease
a disease of the heart and blood vessels
- genetic, ethnicitry, age
- high fiber, low cholesterol and saturated fats
- limit Na, cholesterol, added sugar
- body weight - heathy weight
- low lipoprotein and triglyceride
coronary heart disease (CHD)
most common
- caused by atherosclerosis
cerebrovascular disease
affect the circulation of blood to the brain
- stroke
- caused by atherosclerosis
peripheral artery disease
narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs
- the risk of heart attack or stroke
- caused by atherosclerosis
aortic atherosclerosis
blood gets stopped due to plaque and causes an aneurysm
- aorta covered in plaque
- oxygen and nutrients cannot get through
cancer
uncontrolled abnormal cell growth
- postulated - born with but are not activated
- age, genetics, lifestyle
- avoid any tobacco
- surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
- risk to foodborne infections
- tea, garlic, cruciferous vegetables, soy
osteoporosis
bone disease
- low bone mass
- age
- Ca and vitamin D
- exercise prevent falls
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
- increase with againg
- maintain mobility
osteoarthritis
breakdown of cartilage
- age, obese, metabolic disorder
- signs: sore when overused and stiff when inactive
- can lead to loss of ability to complete daily activities
- weight bearing joints
- lifestyle changes
rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disease that attacks synovial fluid
- inflamed and produce enzymes that destroy bone and cartilage
- can affect over organs
- environment and genetics
- medication and dietary management
gout
a metabolic disorder involving that change in uric acid metabolism
- hyperuricemia
- crystals deposit in joints and tissue
- sudden
- obesity and purine rich foods
- dietary management
- lowering serum urate
HIV
attacks the immune system
- lipodystrophy syndrome - glucose and fat metabolism problems
- insulin resistance and abnormal blood lipid levels
- wasting syndrome - loss of 10% body weight
- anorexia and poor dietary intake
- monitor vitamin A, B, D, E, and zinc
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