Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)- US, Soviet Union, and now many other countries have nuclear weapons
- a way to make sure that no one launches a nuclear strikeKorean War- north-communist
- south-democratic
- no one wins, still going
- UN partition at 38th parallel
- NK invades
- UN sends troops, go too far into NK
- Chinese involvement
- armistice; no peace treatyVietnam War- had been French colony
- lots of public opposition in US, suspicious activity in the government, pentagon papers, voting age 21, draft 18
- televised war
- chemical warfare, guerrilla warfare
- two independent nations decided by UN
- SV government collapsedCuban Missile Crisis- castro had support of SU
- bay of pigs failed
- knew the US was coming
- embarrassing for the US
- JFK would take missiles out of turkey if Khrushchev takes missiles out of CubaAmritsar Massacre- rising tensions between British and Punjab native
- native criticism of British rule, nonviolence rebellion, first amendment rights taken away
- mass casualties, 91%, blocked only exists
- there was an investigation, dyer showed no remorseGandhi- hinger strikes, national congress party, non-violent resistence
- nation self determination
- right to rule themselves
- salt march: 240 miles, the law is unjust, all types of people, affects all people of India, strikes, boycotts, resignationsGovernment of India Act- compromise to independence
- regional self rule
- national legislature
- self governing state
- establishment of muslim leagueIndian Independence- one of the first colonies to get its independence
- partition uses religion to split land, created noncontinuous countries
- > 1 mill killed; 12 mill moved, attacked by people of different religions, pottery takenNon-Aligned Bloc- 29 contries, 25% of worlds land
- third way of banding together (US, SU)
- opposed to colonization, put pressure on countries to grant freedom on their other colonies
- promotion of peace and cooperation
- respect of territorial sovereignty
- respect for human rights and equality of races
- commitment to diplomacy to solve problemsFront - National Liberationbritish just lost indochinaKwame Nkrumah- wants to get cocoa farmers to be in charge of their own wadges
- becomes presidentIndependence - Congo- Belgium grants freedom
- president elected, turns to US for help
- prime minister, turns to SU for help, gets arrested
- intervention of superpowers: money, trade, alliancesUNSCOPpalestine is sucking in more resources than they are givingSuez-Sinai CampaignSix-Day WarOPECOil Crisis of 1970'sIranian Hostage Crisis- attack on the US embass
- act of war on america
- held 53 hostages
- 444 days
- want money that shah took, want shah returned and placed on trial, want US to apologize for putting shah in chargeSaddam Hussein- not a practicing muslim but many of his people are
- closer ties with US and wester Europe
- rebuilt economy, opens up more drilling sites for oilGuatemala and UFC- unequal distributions of wealth and land
- dependent on coffee and bananas; agricultural based economy
- united fruit company owned lots of land; multinational corporation
- president wants to nationalize economy, improve transportation, and redistribute landRachel Carson- biographical information
- wanted to spread the word about DDT and pesticides
- cause cancer, ruin soil and water, have a long lifeFirst World ProblemsSecond World Problems- planned economy had stagnated: high absenteeism in workplace, long lines to purchase food and other goods, housing shortages, health care less advanced than the west
- not enough food, are producing enough but rot and spoils before it gets to markets
new communication technology weakened the government's ability to censer
- renewed arms race with US
- 3 leaders in 4 yearsSoviet-Afghan War- >12 groups
- received funding from others
- more than 50% of population was displaced
- society withdrew
- taliban seized control; islamic fundamentalistsMikhail Gorbachev- selected to lead
- wants to fix communism: greater openness, less censorship, restructure the economy
- speech at the UN
- allowed other political parties to existCollapse of USSR- end to cold war
- 1991 coup attempt on Gorbachev
- Yeltsin led opposition
- russia succeeds from the soviet unionGlobal Finance and Trade- eliminated fixed exchanged rates
- freer trade and fewer government regulations
- more global investment (world bank)
- increased volatility and financial instability
- regional trade blocs formed due to deregulation and global competition
- technology created even greater disparity between wealthy countries and those still mainly producing low-tech goods and raw materialsMigration Shifts- became more common after 1970
people migrate for job opportunities
- patterns shifted away from the colonies
- fear the white people will be the minorityWorld Population Growth- third world is growing at a faster rate; no need to have more kids, easier access to contraception
- starvation, housing, disease, water, health care, jobs, war
- lifespands vary everywhere and have increasedGlobal Environmental Issues- western nations, especially US, consume high proportion of the worlds resources
- growing awareness of global environmental problems are trans-national; acid rain, global warming, ocean pollution, bio diversity
