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Lifestyle Nutrition - Chapter 14

Terms in this set (32)

aging
decline in organ function
- 30-40 years old
- occurrence of disease is more likely
- nutrition, physical activity, lifestyle
gastrointestinal changes
- lead to inadequate intake, malnutrition
upper: change in taste and smell, impair oral cavity
- decline in liver, gall bladder and pancreas function
lower: small intestine function - digestion and absorption, colon issues - constipation
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass
- nutritional intake, high protein, strength training
40% of adults
sarcopenia obesity
obesity and sarcopenia happen at the same time
- increase in body fat
- 30% of adults
cardiovascular changes
70% of adults have coronary heart disease (CHD)
- atherosclerosis and heart disease
respiratory changes
changes in bone and muscle of chest, nervous and immune systems
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
loss of 25% by 60
- ability to maintain fluid balance
- function declines, sarcopenia
skeletal health
- lifestyle factors
- diet, activity, weight, tobacco
immunosenescence
the aging of the immune system
- 50years
- poor nutrition = decline
nervous system changes
weight of brain and spinal cord decrease
- folic acid, vitamin B, vitamin D
- message processing time increases
endocrine system changes
age or disease
- metabolic function decrease
hematologic changes
anemia
- 10% of adults
- morbidity
affect diet
medical and social
- acute chronic health conditions
- depression
- polypharmacy
- muscle weakness, low endurance, poor balance
- living alone, transportation issues, finance
foodways
how a culture prepares and consumes food
food desert
a developing country where healthy food is difficult to obtain
dietary guidance
nutrients dense diet
- balanced diet, physical activity
- low Na, trans fats, added sugar, refined grains
- plenty of fluids
energy
requirements decline while nutrient needs stay the same
- if you reduce calorie intake, you will not become overweight
carbohydrates
whole grain, fruits, vegetables
- weight maintenance
dietary fiber
- soluble and insoluble important
- 30g/d
fats
limit trans fats
- minimum: 10% total energy
- omega 6 and 3 -> reduce mortality
protein
50g/d
20-30g with each meal
water
15% less than normal due to loss of lean body mass
- physiological, medical, and mental status impacted
3L/d
vitamins and minerals
nutrient absorption changes
vitamin B
GI absoption
- decrease gastric acid
- changes in mental status and disability
- 2.4mg
- coenzyme homocysteine
- cardiovascular disease
calcium and vitamin D
1200mg/d Ca
600 IU vit. D
sodium
hypertension and low bone mineral density
2.3g/d
DASH adults (stop hypertension) need low blood pressure
iron
typically low meat intake
8mg/d
- anemia if low
antioxidants
vitamins A, E, C
maintain physiological function
carotenoids
protection from cancers, macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, arthritis
food insecurity
older adults consume smaller meals
the administration of aging
federal efforts
Medicare
limited coverage for nutrition sevices
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