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Chapter 27 The Male Reproductive System

Terms in this set (105)

Sexual Reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
False
The presence of the Y chromosome guarantees the development of male secondary sex organs
True
The mechanism that keeps the testes cooler than the body's core temperature is called descent of the testes
False
The scrotum contains the testes and spermatic cords
True
Sperm travels along the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord
False
Sustentacular cells secrete inhibin, which regulates the rate of sperm production
True
Testosterone stimulates development of the secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis, and libido
True
Erectile dysfunction prevents ejaculation in most cases
False
at early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes
True
Spermiogenesis is the last stage of meiosis
False
Sperm make up just 10% of semen volume
True
Only germ cells undergo meiosis, which produces four haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each
True
Sympathetic nerve fibers trigger the secretion of nitric oxide, which dilates the deep arteries allowing blood to engorge the penis
False
The first haploid stage of spermatogenesis is prophase II
False
Myotonia of skeletal muscles is characteristic of the excitement phase and refractory period
False
___ is/are generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic
A. The enlargement of the breasts
B. the presence of testes
C. the prostrate gland
D. the vagina
E. the uterus
A. The enlargement of the breasts
Which of the following are primary sex organs?
A. ova
B. uterine tubes
C. breasts
D. ovaries
E. scent glands
D. ovaries
Which of the following is a secondary sex organ?
A. testis
B. ovary
C. vagina
D. facial hair
E. distribution of body fat
C. vagina
Gonads begin to develop
A. 2 to 3 weeks after fertilization
B. 5 to 6 weeks after fertilization
C. 8 to 9 weeks after fertilization
D. 20 to 24 weeks after fertilization
E. at birth
B. 5 to 6 weeks after fertilization
___ determine/s whether an organism will be genetically male or female.
A. hormonal, genetic and environmental factors
B. prenatal hormone exposure
C. the egg
D. the sperm
E. both egg and sperm equally
D. the sperm
The gene that codes for the testis-determining factor (TDF) is found in or on
A. the Y chromosome
B. the X chromosome
C. the gonadal ridges
D. the fetal testes
E. the mesonephros
A. the Y chromosome
The penis is homologous to
A. the appendix
B. a finger
C. the urethra
D. the vagina
E. the clitoris
E. the clitoris
The ___ is the gonad and the ___ is the gamete
A. testis;ovary
B. testis;semen
C. testis;sperm
D. sperm;semen
E. semen;sperm
C. testis;sperm
___ stimulates the descent of the testes.
A. The presence of the Y chromosome
B. The presence of the X chromosome
C. The absence of the X chromosome
D. Testosterone
E. Estrogens
D. Testosterone
The ___ is an example of the female external genitalia.
A. scrotum
B.clitoris
C. uterine tube
D. seminal vesicle
E. vagina
B.clitoris
From the formation to ejaculation, sperm cells take the following pathway:
A. seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus derferens
B. seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus derferens, urethra
C. seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D.seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E. seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
D. seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
When it is cold, the ___ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A. cremaster muscle
B. pampiniform plexus
C. corpus spongiosum
D. perinium
E. corpus cavernosum
A. cremaster muscle
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is
A. the rete testis
B. the epididymis
C. the pampiniform plexus of veins
D. the blood-testis barrier
E. the scrotal portal system
C. the pampiniform plexus of veins
The blood-testis barrier
A. prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells
B. prevents heat loss from the testes
C. prevents blood from getting to the testes
D. maintains testis temperature at 35*C
E. maintains testis temperature at 37*C
A. prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells
By volume, most of the semen is produced in the
A. testes
B. penis
C. prostrate gland
D. seminal vesicles
E. bulbourethral glands
D. seminal vesicles
___ are not found in the seminiferous tubules.
A. Interstitial (Leydig) cells
B. Germ cells
C. Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells
D. Spermatids
E. Corpus cavernosum cells
E. Corpus cavernosum cells
The penile urethra is enclosed by the
A. corpus cavernosum
B. corpus spongiosum
C. trabecular muscle
D. prepuce
E. frenulum
B. corpus spongiosum
Men have only ___ but have two of all the rest of these
A. bulbourethral gland(s)
B. prostrate gland(s)
C. ejaculatory duct(s)
D. seminal vesicle(s)
E. corpus(ora) cavernosum(a)
B. prostrate gland(s)
Why would an enlarged prostrate interfere with urination?
A. It inhibits urine production
B. it develops calcified deposits that block the urethra
C. it produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra
D. it inhibits the micturition reflex
E. it compresses the urethra
E. it compresses the urethra
The ___ is/are the site(s) of sperm maturation and storage.
A. seminiferous tubules
B. rete testis
C. prostrate
D. ductus epididymides
E. seminal vesicles
D. ductus epididymides
All of the following play a role in thermoregulation of the testes except
A. the bulbospongiosus muscle
B. the cremaster muscle
C. the pampiniform plexus
D. the countercurrent heat exchanger
E. the dartos muscle
A. the bulbospongiosus muscle
When do the testes start secreting testosterone?
A. in the first trimester of fetal development
B. in the first trimester after birth
C. in the first three years after birth
D. in the first three years of adolescense
E. after the first ejaculation
A. in the first trimester of fetal development
Which of the following hormones directly stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics?
A. estrogen
B. inhibin
C. luteinizing hormone
D. follicle stimulating hormone
E. testosterone
E. testosterone
Which of the following is an androgen?
A. estrogen
B. progesterone
C. testosterone
D. luteinizing hormone (LH)
E. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. testosterone
___ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ___
A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
C. luteinizing hormone (LH);androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D. luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
E. luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
D. luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone (androgens)
The ___ has/have no androgen receptors and do not respond to it.
A. germ cells
B. muscular tissue
C. sustentacular cells
D. hypothalmus
E. pituitary gland
A. germ cells
What hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion?
A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B. testosterone itself
C. inhibin
D. luteinizing hormone (LH)
E. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. inhibin
Testosterone inhibits
A. libido
B. development of secondary sex organs
C. development of secondary sex characteristics
D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
E. sperm production
D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
Changes called male climacteric are a consequence of
A. increased secretion of estrogens
B. increased secretion of progesterone
C. increased secretion of testosterone
D. increased secretion of FSH and LH
E. increased secretion of GnRH
D. increased secretion of FSH and LH or decreased secretion of testosterone
In the process of spermiogenesis, ___ become ___
A. spermatocytes; spermatozoa
B. spermatozoa; spermatids
C. spermatogonia; spermatocytes
D. spermatocytes; spermatids
E. spermatids; spermatozoa
E. spermatids; spermatozoa
In meiosis, each parent cell produces
A.two haploid cells
B. four haploid cells
C. two diploid cells
D. four diploid cells
E. haploid cells identical to the parent cell
B. four haploid cells
As a result of spermatogenesis, the final cells are called ___, but they and all the stages leading up to them can be called ___
A. sperm cells; interstituial cells
B. sperm cells; sustentacular cells
C. secondary spermatocytes; spermatocytes in general
D. secondary spermatocytes; germ cells
E. gametes; germ cells
E. gametes; germ cells
At the end of meiosis I there are ___, whereas at the end of meiosis II there is/are ___
A. two diploid cells; one diploid cell
B. two diploid cells; one haploid cell
C. two diploid cells; for haploid cells
D. two haploid cells; four haploid cells
E. two haploid cells; one diploid cell
D. two haploid cells; four haploid cells
The most important role of meiosis in sexual reproduction is
A. that it reduces the size of gametes
B. that it produces at least one gamete that is mobile
C. that it prevents the chromosome number from doubling in each generation
D. that it ensures that each daughter cell doubles the number of chromosomes
E. that it changes the genetic compostion of each chromosome
C. that it prevents the chromosome number from doubling in each generation
At what stage does a developing sperm cell begin to grow a tail?
A. spermatozoon
B. spermatid
C. primary spermatocyte
D. secondary spermatocyte
E. spermatogonium
B. spermatid
Sperm cells get energy to power their movement from ___ contributed by the ___
A. prostaglandins; prostrate gland
B. sucrose; bulbourethral gland
C. fructose; seminal vesicles
D. seminogelin; prostrate gland
E. semen; seminiferous gland
C. fructose; seminal vesicles
Male infertility (sterility) refers to
A. the inability to fertilize an egg
B. low sperm count
C. a lack of seminal fluid during ejaculation
D. low levels of testosterone
E. the inability to have an erection
A. the inability to fertilize an egg
The acrosome contains enzymes used to
A. dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
B. dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
C. dissolve the stickiness of the semen
D. penetrate the vagina
E. penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
E. penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
___ have 46 chromosomes, where as ___ have 23.
A. spermatids; spermatozoa
B. primary spermatocytes; spermatids
C. secondary spermatocytes
D. spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes
E. type A spermatogonia; type B spermatogonia
B. primary spermatocytes; spermatids
A sperm count any lower than ___ million sperm per mL of semen is usually associated with infertility (sterility).
A. 250 to 500
B. 200 to 250
C. 100 to 200
D. 50 to 100
E. 20 to 25
E. 20 to 25
Dilation of the ___ causes lacunae to fill with blood and the penis to become erect.
A. helicine arteries
B. internal pudendal (penile) arteries
C. dorsal arteries
D. dorsal veins
E. deep arteries
E. deep arteries
The orgasm-emission phase of the male sexual response is stimulated by
A. efferent sympathetic signals from the sacral region of the spinal cord
B. efferent sympathetic signals from the lumbar region of the spinal cord
C. efferent parasympathetic signals from the sacral region of the spinal cord
D. efferent parasympathetic signals from the lumbar region of the spinal cord
E. efferent somatic signals from the thoracic region of the spinal cord.
B. efferent sympathetic signals from the lumbar region of the spinal cord
Erection is
A. an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers
B. an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by sympathetic nerve fibers
C. a somatic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers
D. a somatic reflex mediated predominantly by sympathetic nerve fibers
E. an exclusively voluntary action mediated by the cortex
A. an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers
Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate peak during the
A. excitement phase
B. erection of the penis
C. climax (orgasm)
D. plateau phase
E. resolution phase
C. climax (orgasm)
Sildenafil (Viagra) prolongs erection by
A.activating nitric oxide (NO) production
B. inactivating guanylate cyclase
C. stimulating production of cGMP
D. inhibiting degradation of cGMP
E. inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production
D. inhibiting degradation of cGMP
This image shows a section of the testis and scrotal contents. What does "2" represent?
spermatic cord
epididymis
rete testis
seminiferous tubules
ductus (vas) deferens
E. ductus deferens
This image shows a sagittal section of the male reproductive system. What does "3" represent?
A. epididymis
B. corpus spongiosum
C. corpus cavernosum
D. scrotum
E. ductus (vas) deferens
B. corpus spongiosum
This image shows a sagittal section of the male reproductive system. What does "4" represent?
A. seminal vesicle
B. urethra
C. bulbourethral gland
D. prostate gland
E. ejaculatory duct
C. bulbourethral gland
This image shows spermatogenesis. What does "3" represent?
A. spermatogonium
B. secondary spermatocyte
C. primary spermatocyte
D. spermatid
E. sperm
B. secondary spermatocyte
The penis is innervated by the __________ nerve.
internal pudendal
Which of the following is not a function of the sustentacular cells?
They secrete testosterone.
Which of the following is not a change in the male body that results from puberty?
A) Deepening of the voice
B) Gain in muscle mass
C) Growth of the scrotum and penis
D) Acne
E) These are all changes associated with male puberty.
E) These are all changes associated with male puberty.
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ___________.
corpus spongiosum
The haploid result of meiosis I is called a __________.
secondary spermatocyte
The golf-ball sized structure found inferior to the urinary bladder, and surrounding the most proximal portion of the urethra, is called the __________.
prostate gland
The __________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
epididymis
The process of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis begins with a __________ and ends with four __________.
germ cell; gametes
When the testis fails to descend, the condition is called _________.
cryptorchidism
The blood to the testes is cooled by the ________________.
A) rete testes
B) ductus deferens
C) pampiniform plexus
D) perineal raphe
C) pampiniform plexus
The erectile tissue in the penis contains blood sinuses called
lacunae
The human papillomavirus causes ________________.
genital warts
To regulate the temperature of the testes, which of the following muscles raises and lowers the scrotum?
cremaster muscle
Emission of the sperm involves which of the following?
peristalsis of the ductus deferens and prostate
An enlargement of this organ will impair both sexual reproduction and voiding in the man.
prostate
Male and female organs that develop from the same embryonic tissue are called
homologous
Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) testosterone
C) GnrH
The erectile dysfunction drug Viagra
inhibits the breakdown of cGMP.
Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen?
A) the seminal vesicles
B) the bulbourethral glands
C) the prostate
D) the pituitary
A) the seminal vesicles
crossing over of DNA segments occurs during ________________.
prophase 1
After the meiosis I phase of spermatogenesis, there are two equal-sized haploid cells called
secondary spermatocytes.
The midpiece of the spermatozoon tail contains the ________________.
mitochondria
The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play?
A) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
B) They regulate the temperature of the testes.
C) They are responsible for penile erection.
D) They contract to allow ejaculation.
B) They regulate the temperature of the testes.
The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________.
A) gravity
B) peristaltic contractions
C) enzymatic activity
D) hormonal action
B) peristaltic contractions
The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
A) parasympathetic nerves
B) the dartos muscle
C) luteinizing hormone
D) the bulbospongiosus muscles
D) the bulbospongiosus muscles
The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
A) smoking
B) a diet high in fat
C) nondescent of the testes
D) sexually transmitted infections
C) nondescent of the testes
Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events?
A) that the female hormones are suppressed during pregnancy
B) the suppression of inhibin
C) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth
D) that human gonadotropin be synthesized in the first week of the pregnancy
C) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth
The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
A) protect the ovaries
B) synthesize female hormones
C) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles
D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.
A) Graafian follicles
B) fallopian tubes
C) infundibula
D) fimbriae
B) fallopian tubes
If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?
A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur
B) triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur
C) half the diploid number with no change in development
D) There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.
A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
A) about the same number of each is produced per month
B) they have the same degree of motility
C) they have the same number of chromosomes
D) they are about the same size
C) they have the same number of chromosomes
Sperm are produced in the ___________________.
A) seminiferous tubules
B) interstitial cells
C) sertoli cells
D) sustentacular cells
A) seminiferous tubules
Sperm complete the maturation process and are stored in the ________.
A) testis
B) urethra
C) prostate
D) epididymis
D) epididymis
Which of the following is a hypothalamic hormone which stimulates certain anterior pituitary cells to produce gonadotropins?
A) GH
B) testosterone
C) DHT
D) GnRH
D) GnRH
Spermiogenesis produces
A) immature sperm.
B) viable sperm.
C) spermatids.
D) spermatozoa.
D) spermatozoa.
Male and female gametes (sex cells) combine their genes to form a fertilized egg, called a _________.
A) Autosome
B) Gamete
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
E) Ovum (egg)
C) Zygote
22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are these.
A) Autosome
B) Gamete
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
E) Ovum (egg)
A) Autosome
Male and Female sex cells are called__________.
A) Autosome
B) Gamete
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
E) Ovum (egg)
B) Gamete
This gamete has motility.
A) Autosome
B) Gamete
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
E) Ovum (egg)
D) Sperm
The Y Chromosome has
A) Autosome
B) Gamete
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
E) Ovum (egg)
D) Sperm
The X Chromosome Has
A) Autosome
B) Gamete
C) Zygote
D) Sperm
E) Ovum (egg)
E) Ovum (egg)
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