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Criminology Test 3

Terms in this set (29)

Provide the correct definition of political crime
a. strictly non-violent illegal methods of undermining an existent government and threatening its survival
b. strictly violent illegal methods of undermining an existent government and threatening its survival
c. illegal methods of undermining an existent government and threatening its survival, which can include both violent and non-violent acts
d. strictly legal acts of espionage used to garner information that could be used to undermine an existent government and threaten its survival
illegal methods of undermining an existent government and threatening its survival, which can include both violent and non-violent acts
While many consider Edward Snowden a hero, in what way do his actions make him a political criminal?
a. He committed an act of terrorism that resulted in the deaths of many.
b. He was a foreign spy who released information vital to the protection of the United States.
c. The stealing of secrets from a government agency violated the law, and the releasing of those secrets to the public was seen as an act of treason.
d. His actions do not make him a political criminal; he was merely charged with industrial espionage, as he was a government contractor and published trade secrets.
The stealing of secrets from a government agency violated law, and the releasing of those secrets to the public was seen as an act of treason
Why can it be hard to pinpoint political crime as either conventional or outlaw behavior?
a. Motivations can be either selfish and personal, or selfless and altruistic.
b. Actions can be hard to classify based on the type of crimes being committed.
c. Actions might not be considered criminal at all in other contexts, due to the nature of political crime.
d. While the government may condemn the actions as criminal, the citizens may hail the individual as a hero.
Motivations can be either selfish and personal, or selfness and altruistic
Which of the following is not a goal of a political criminal, according to the chapter?
a. intimidation
b. profit
c. conviction
d. revenge
revenge
What are the four stages to becoming a political criminal that Randy Borum has found?
a. I'm right; I should have the right; You're stopping me; and You're evil
b. It's not right; It's not fair; It's your fault; and You're evil
c. The system is rigged; You're all liars; Only I know the truth; and You're evil
d. Disbelief; Bargaining; Anger; and You're evil
It's not right; It's not for; It's your fault; and you're evil
What is that reality of voter fraud versus the perception of voter fraud in the United States?
a. There is a lot of voter fraud, but people do not believe it.
b. There is hardly any voter fraud, but people do not believe it.
c. The perception and the reality are closely matched—there is a lot of voter fraud.
d. The perception and the reality are closely matched—there is hardly any voter fraud.
There is hardly any voter fraud, but people do not believe it
What is an example of abuse of office (public corruption)?
a. sending lewd photos or sexting with a partner other than your spouse
b. committing any crime while holding a public office
c. taking money from a campaign fund to pay for personal items
d. using personal funds to pay for a campaign
taking money from a campaign to pay for personal items
What is industrial espionage?
a. spying by the federal government on a corporation for the sake of learning whether it is in compliance with federal regulations
b. spying by a corporation on the federal government to find ways to get around regulations
c. spying by a foreign nation on a corporation to gain an advantage in trade negotiations
d. spying by a corporation on another corporation for the purpose of gaining competitive advantage, stealing trade secrets, or learning formulas
spying by a corporation on another corporation t gain an advantage in trade negotiations
A government official has been taking money from the KKK. In return, the official is attempting to erode the rights of minorities by pushing certain laws that would have drastic effects on the minority population in many areas. What type of political crime is this official committing?
a. domestic terrorism
b. espionage
c. contribution mishandling
d. political corruption
Political corruption
what term is used to describe the belief that using torture is acceptable when there is a danger to the lives of thousands?
a. imminent danger scenario
b. terrorism alert protocol
c. ticking bomb scenario
d. active terrorist protocol
ticking bomb scenario
The word terrorism is bandied about quite often of late, for obvious reasons. What is the definition of terrorism, according to the textbook?
a. the illegal use of force against civilians by armed offenders, for the purpose of causing grievous harm
b. the illegal use of force against innocent people, to achieve a political objective
c. the illegal use of force against government officials
d. the illegal use of force against a rival or a rival business
the illegal use of force against innocent people, to achieve a political objective
How is a guerilla different from a terrorist?
a. Terrorists work in small groups against those who oppose their political, social, or economic views. Guerillas are armed military groups that generally operate outside of cities and attack the military, government officials, and police as a way of destabilizing the government.
b. The terms have become interchangeable in recent years, because they equate to essentially the same thing.
c. A guerilla generally operates out of a small cell located in a large city, while terrorists are generally from large military-like operations.
d. Guerillas frequently attack civilians, while terrorists tend to attack military and government targets.
Terrorists work in small groups against those who oppose their political, social, or economic views. Guerillas are armed military groups that generally operate outside of cities and attack the military, government officials, and police as a way of destabilizing the government
What is an example of an insurgency?
a. A well-trained person has attacked a military convoy to protest military action against its citizens.
b. An individual walks into a crowded mall and detonates a bomb strapped to her body, killing and wounding dozens.
c. A small group of armed people have entered a government building, threatening to kill officials unless demands are met.
d. A large faction of well-trained, discontented soldiers is on the other side of the border, where they send out strike teams to fight against the government—to the cheers and praise of the citizens, who feel they are oppressed.
a large faction of well-trained, discontented soldiers is on the other side of the border, where they send out strike teams to fight against the government - to the cheers and raise of the citizens, who feel they are oppressed
In what ways might an insurgency and a revolution be similar?
a. They both use only peaceful means to achieve their ends.
b. They both want a change in the government they are fighting against.
c. They both use only terrorist-like activities to achieve their goals.
d. They both house themselves outside the country in question to protect themselves.
They both want a change in the government they are fighting against
What action against a historical Greek leader is now considered to be an early act of terrorism?
a. the slaying of Hercules
b. the assassination of Brutus
c. the assassination of Julius Caesar
d. the assassination of Cleopatra
the assassination of Julius Caesar
The word zealot is used now to discuss anyone of strong religious convictions. However, this word had a more specific meaning in the past. What was the original meaning?
a. Roman fundamentalists who fought against the Jews
b. peaceful Jewish protestors who would speak out against the Roman occupation
c. followers of Zeus, Apollo, and Tyche (ZE-ALO-T) who would assassinate Jews under the cover of dark
d. a group of Hebrew warriors active during the Roman occupation of Palestine
a group of Hebrew warriors active during the roman occupation of Palestine
Due to the actions of the Islamic State of Iraq ad the Levant (ISIL), Islam has been given a bad name in many circles. However, ISIL is killing more Muslims than anybody else. What goes this conflict demonstrate about ISIL's goal?
a. ISIL is attempting to promote its own sect (Sunni) against a rival sect (Shi'ite) by way of violence, fear, and murder.
b. ISIL is trying to demonstrate its strength to the world by killing its own people, who happen to be in the areas ISIL is terrorizing.
c. ISIL demonstrates the willingness to do anything to get what it wants.
d. ISIL is following the doctrine of sacrifice for religious beliefs.
ISIL is attempting to promote its own sect against a rival sect by way of violence, fear, and murder.
What historical event did the word terrorism refer to initially?
a. the reign of blood
b. the reign of pain
c. the reign of terror
d. the reign of horror
the reign of terror
Over the past few years, a number of terrorist activities have taken place across the country. Just recently, the terrorist organization has seized control of the incumbent government and ejected the head of state, declaring the country under its control, and swiftly hanging laws and expectations of public behavior. Considering their actions, what type of terrorists are they?
a. political terrorists
b. nationalist terrorists
c. retributive terrorists
d. revolutionary terrorists
revolutionary terrorists
What is an example of nationalist terrorism?
a. the government using terrorist tactics on a minority group to prevent an uprising
b. a minority group using terrorist tactics on the majority rule, believing they have been persecuted
c. an external force using terrorist activities to force change in the government
d. a group disrupting day-to-day activities with terrorist tactics to force the citizens into voting a particular way
A minority group using terrorist tactics on the majority rule, believing they have been persecuted
A terrorist who is acting without any nationalist, political, or revolutionary goal is a __________.
a. reactionary terrorist
b. retributive terrorist
c. realist terrorist
d. recumbent terrorist
Retributive terrorist
Provide the correct example of how a modern terrorist group is organized.
a. Small cells work within a local area and are part of a larger network that communicates intermittently with itself and its leadership.
b. A network of large groups with no central leadership communicates frequently through social media.
c. Small cells that have no centralized leadership operate independently.
d. A militia-style organization bases itself in rural areas for the purpose of secretive training.
Small cells work within a local area and are part of a larger network that communicates intermittently with itself and its leadership
Officials determine that a captured terrorist joined his terrorist organization because he felt as though the onslaught of "inappropriate" beliefs brought on by modern technology was eroding the moral fiber of his culture and must be stopped. What sort of motivation is this terrorist demonstrating?
a. psychological view
b. family conflict view
c. alienation view
d. socialization/friendship view
Alienation view
What response to terrorism has been put into place to help centralize data?
a. the Patriot Act
b. creation of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
c. creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
d. the expansion of the powers provided to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to fight terrorism
creation of the Officer of the Director of National intelligence
Why might terrorism be impossible to defeat with violence?
a. Due to the size of terrorist organizations, there is little hope of defeating them in a ground war.
b. Due to how spread out terrorist organizations are, it is impossible to fight against them effectively with military or police.
c. Due to their ideological beliefs, using violence may only play into the hands of the terrorists and create retributive attacks, and using violence against them is proof that their actions are necessary.
d. The terrorist leadership hierarchy is set up such that there will always be a successor.
Due to their ideological beliefs, using violence may only play into the hands of the terrorists and create retributive attacks, and using violence against them its proof that their actions are necessary
Terrorists typically a rural focus, while guerillas typically have an urban focus
false
State sponsored terrorists who are willing to ill or maim their fellow citizens are unlikely to be deterred because of their unquestionable committed to their higher authority
true
the majority of research on terrorists indicates that most terrorists are psychologically abnormal, thus supporting the psychological view of terrorist motivation
false
The ideological view of terrorist motivation suggests that terrorists may be motivated by feelings of alienation from friends, family and society
false
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