Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Exam 1: Social psych

Terms in this set (49)

A fellow student is consistently late for class. You assume this is because he is lazy and disorganized. What type of attribution are you making in this situation?
a dispositional attribution
You attend a party where you do not know anyone but expect others to be friendly toward you. You greet people warmly. Your actions, in turn, lead other people to behave in a friendly manner with you. This situation can best be described as:
behavioral confirmation
A psychiatrist is interested in determining if conditions of individuals who are clinically depressed improve with either 20 or 40 milligrams of Prozac. She administers 20 milligrams to a random half of her clients and 40 milligrams to the other half. After six months, she finds that the clients who took 40 milligrams of Prozac are significantly less depressed than those clients who took 20 milligrams of Prozac. Which type of study did the psychiatrist conduct?
experimental research
Tobias, who conducts a psychological research experiment, explains the details of the experiment to the participants after the experiment is completed. He also encourages the participants to express their opinions and share their feelings about the experiment with him. This scenario exemplifies the concept of:
debriefing.
Ben, a researcher, conducts a laboratory experiment. He places the participants to the conditions of the experiment in such a way that all persons have the same chance of being in each condition. In the context of social psychology, this scenario exemplifies the concept of:
random assignment.
Two major advantages that experiments have over correlational studies are:
control and random assignment.
In the context of predicting our behavior, the planning fallacy is the tendency to:
underestimate how long it will take to complete a task.
Natalie's friend Jordan enjoys eating good food and visits new restaurants every week. He watches cooking shows regularly and does not shy away from trying new cuisines. Seeing his interest in food, Natalie assumes that Jordan is an expert cook. Which of the following concepts of psychology is illustrated in Natalie's assumption?
the representativeness heuristic
Benjamin alters his beliefs and behaviors so that he can fit in with his team members. Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring:
self-monitoring.
Joanna watches a thriller movie Saw II. At 2:00 a.m., she hears a scratching sound on her window. Instead of realizing that the sound is caused by a tree branch, she assumes that a serial killer is trying to break in. This is an example of:
priming
Which of the following is not among the list of factors that influence the development of one's self concept?
one's social economic status
Which of the following topics is NOT an example of what a social psychologist might study?
intelligence
Children and adults with strong feelings of self-efficacy are more ________ at difficult tasks those with low self-efficacy.
persistent
Which of the following is not among the of factors related to one's perceived self-control?
heuristics
Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?
It cannot explain cause and effect.
In contrast to collectivist cultures, self-esteem in individualistic cultures is more likely to be ________
stable
Identify a true statement about social psychology.
Compared with sociology, social psychology focuses more on individuals
Standing in a campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of students' usage of their cell phones is an example of what type of research?
field research
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the concept of random assignment?
A researcher randomly divides her sample such that half of the participants experiences one level of the independent variable and the other half experiences the other level of the independent variable
In the context of social psychology, identify a true statement about correlational research:
It does allow researchers to reasonably predict the relation between two variables.
Which of the following is not an influence on the development of our self-concept?
our fundamental attributions
Dannie believes that he has incredible academic abilities and that he will easily get a job when he completes college. He also believes that he will always remain employed at the highest position in a company because of his academic qualifications. This is an example of ________.
unrealistic optimism
Sharon typically follows those news channels that support her existing political beliefs. She is not inclined to watch news on other channels as they may disprove her preconceptions. Sharon's approach illustrates the:
confirmation bias.
The major purpose of random assignment in an experiment is to:
minimize the differences between groups.
A research program was conducted to understand the effects of two slogans created for a health care program. It was found that the number of people who registered for the program with the slogan Saves 600 out of 1000 lives were much higher than the number of people who registered for the program with the slogan 400 out of 1000 people lose their lives. This scenario exemplifies ______________.
framing the item.
Researchers have indicated that human beings have two brain systems. In this context, which of the following is true of System 2?
It requires conscious attention.
In the context of self-serving attributions, saying I earned an A on my psychology test versus My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test exemplifies how we:
attribute positive outcomes to ourselves and negative outcomes to others.
The idea that chance events are subject to our influence describes:
the illusion of control.
Who among the following most likely belongs to a collectivistic culture?
Hailey, who places more value on her ancestral tradition and shared practices than anything else
A person from a(n) ________ culture is more likely to attribute their success to their own personal efforts.
individualistic
On subjective and socially desirable characteristics, most people:
see themselves as better than the average person.
Every semester, you underestimate how long you will take to complete a research paper that is due at the end of the term. Your behavior is an example of the:
overconfidence phenomenon
The spotlight effect and the related illusion of transparency are two examples of the interplay between one's sense of ________ and one's social worlds.
self
In the context of Social Psychology, identify a true statement about social thinking.
It includes perceptions
Which of the following is a characteristic of narcissists?
They are likely to lash out when publicly criticized.
After 9/11, many people abandoned air travel most likely because of the:
availability heuristic
Despite reading numerous research studies that associate fast food consumption with heart disease and diabetes, Rachel continues eating fast food and considers it harmless. Rachel's thinking is an example of:
belief perseverance
According to research findings, an individualistic Western worldview predisposes people to _____.
assume that individuals cause events
Maxine is the captain of her school's basketball team. After losing an interschool basketball tournament by one point, she is depressed and feels guilty. She thinks that if she had not made three consecutive fouls, her team would have won the match. In the context of social thinking, this scenario illustrates
counterfactual thinking
The degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants is known as:
experimental realism
The major function of the IRB on college campuses is_______.
to review and examine research proposals
Which of the following best explains why Olympic bronze medalists express more happiness than silver medalists?
counterfactual thinking
Cues in an experiment that tell the participants what behavior is expected are called:
demand characteristics
The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others' behavior is called the:
fundamental attribution error
Which of the following statements best reflects the false consensus effect?
Everyone does it!
In the context of reconstructing past attitudes, researchers asked students to answer a long survey that included a question about student control over the university curriculum. A week later, they agreed to write an essay opposing student control. After doing so, their attitudes shifted toward greater opposition to student control. When asked to recall how they had felt about the same issue a week earlier, most of the students:
remembered having felt the same as they do now.
Which of the following is one of the purposes of hypotheses?
Hypotheses allow us to test a theory
John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. If he loses, he believes he could say that his lack of sleep caused his poor performance. This is an example of:
self-handicapping
When asked who Chloe thinks will win the next presidential election, she replies that she does not know. However, after the election results are declared, she claims that it was obvious all along who the winner of the election will be. In the context of social psychology, this scenario illustrates:
hindsight bias
Other sets by this creator