Chapter 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life

1) Eukaryotes arose about ______ years after the first prokaryotes.
A) 3.0 million
B) 1.5 billion
C) 3.5 billion
D) 4.0 billion
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1) Eukaryotes arose about ______ years after the first prokaryotes.
A) 3.0 million
B) 1.5 billion
C) 3.5 billion
D) 4.0 billion
B) 1.5 billion
3) Animal life underwent its greatest diversification during the ______, which began about ______ million years ago.
A) Permian... 290
B) Cambrian... 540
C) Carboniferous... 363
D) Mesozoic... 245
B) Cambrian... 540
5) Land was first colonized about ______ years ago.
A) 100 million
B) 500 million
C) 1.7 billion
D) 2.5 billion
B) 500 million
7) Which of the following is NOT true?
A) The great diversification of animals occurred during the Cambrian explosion.
B) For most of biological history, life was confined to aquatic habitats.
C) The evolution of multicellularity took place after the origin of the eukaryotes.
D) The first organisms to colonize land were animals.
D) The first organisms to colonize land were animals.
9)The absence of ______ in the primitive atmosphere was essential to the origin of life on Earth.
A) N2
B) CO2
C) CH4
D) O2
D) O2
11) Whose experiments demonstrated that, given the conditions on the primitive Earth, biological monomers could arise spontaneously?
A) Miller and Urey
B) Darwin
C) Watson
D) Margulis
A) Miller and Urey
13)Why is RNA thought to have been the first genetic material?
A) RNA is structurally simpler than DNA.
B) RNA has been found on meteorites; DNA has not.
C) RNA is capable of self-replication; DNA is not.
D) Primitive organisms, such as some viruses, have RNA as their genetic material.
C) RNA is capable of self-replication; DNA is not.
15) Variation among pre-cells was due to ______.
A) genetic drift
B) natural selection
C) the bottleneck effect
D) mutation
D) mutation
17) The prokaryotic group that tends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to the ______.
A) Protista
B) Archaea
C) Monera
D) Bacteria
B) Archaea
19) Spherical bacteria that occur in clusters are ______.
A) streptococci
B) bacilli
C) spirilla
D) staphylococci
D) staphylococci
21) Which of the following would likely be the most difficult to kill were you to can your own food? A) microspores B) endospores C) sporophylls D) megasporesB) endospores23) Under ideal conditions, prokaryotes are capable of reproducing at a(n) ______ rate. A) hypergeometric B) exponential C) infinite D) arithmeticB) exponential25) All organisms that photosynthesize fit into which nutritional category? A) chemoautotrophs B) photoheterotrophs C) photoautotrophs D) chemoheterotrophsC) photoautotrophs27) Food poisoning from Salmonella occurs because of A) an exotoxin secreted by the bacteria. B) an endotoxin found in the outer membrane of Salmonella bacteria. C) easy transmission between people living in close contact. D) extremophile conditions.B) an endotoxin found in the outer membrane of Salmonella bacteria.29) ______ is an example of bioremediation. A) Cyanobacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen to a form that plants can use B) The use of an autoclave to kill endospores C) The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage D) A dinoflagellate bloom causing massive fish killsC) The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage31) According to the theory of endosymbiosis, which organelles evolved from small prokaryotes that established residence within other, larger prokaryotes? A) vacuoles and lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum C) centrioles and ribosomes D) mitochondria and chloroplastsD) mitochondria and chloroplasts33) You discover a unicellular organism that moves by what appear to be pseudopodia. You conclude that this organism is ______. A) either a type of amoeba or a type of slime mold B) a type of bacterium C) a type of alga D) either a type of ciliate, or a type of amoeba, or a type of flagellate, or a type of apicomplexanA) either a type of amoeba or a type of slime mold35) ______ include cells that can function either independently or as a single unit. A) Dinoflagellates B) Forams C) Seaweeds D) Cellular slime moldsD) Cellular slime molds37) ______ are responsible for toxic red tides. A) Plasmodial slime molds B) Dinoflagellates C) Red algae D) DiatomsB) Dinoflagellates39) Which of the following is a colonial form of green algae? A) Volvox B) Giardia C) Paramecium D) PlasmodiumA) Volvox41) Which of the following has an organization that may be similar to an evolutionary stage between unicellularity and multicellularity? A) Thiobacillus B) Volvox C) Amoeba D) PlasmodiumB) Volvox43) Endosymbiosis explains the origin of the ______ of eukaryotes. A) chloroplasts and mitochondria B) endomembrane system C) nuclear envelope D) membrane-bound organellesA) chloroplasts and mitochondria