Physiologial Psychology Exam 5 chapter 14

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Lateralization of function
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Terms in this set (37)
Lateralization of function
The view that functions are performed by distinct regions of the brain. For instance, it is believed that there are different areas of the brain that are responsible for controlling language, formulating memories, and making movements.
Marc Dax (1836)
The Associationist School

Wrote unpublished paper in which he assembled a mass of information and concluded...
Aphasia is related to disease in L hem. (language)
Paul Broca and aphasia
Published his landmark paper on the left cerebral dominance for speech. Broca thought that "we speak with the left hemisphere", referring to Leborgne (known as Tan-Tan), an aphasic patient whose brain presented a lesion in the third frontal convolution.
cerebral dominance
the normal tendency for one side of the brain to control particular functions, such as being left or right handed.
What impact did the studies from Dax and Broca have on brain research?
Both contributed to the idea of localization of brain functions
Is a male brain different than a female brain?
Male brain is 10% larger than female brain. However, this does not impact intelligence. Men and woman's brains are more alike than different.
Sperry and Myers (1953)
•The transmission of information from one hemisphere to the other
•Study looked at learning with a "blind" hemisphere
Vogel and Bogen
Found that major epileptic seizures were caused by an amplification of abnormal brain activity bouncing back and forth between the two cerebral hemispheres. They operated on the brain and divided the brains of cats and monkeys.
Sperry and Gazzaniga
They conducted extensive experiments on an epileptic patient who had had his corpus collosum, the "bridge" between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, split so that the connection was severed.
Broca's asphasia
condition resulting from damage to Broca's area (frontal lobe), causing the affected person to be unable to speak fluently, to mispronounce words, and to speak haltingly
Commissurotomyoperation that involves cutting the commissures.Left hemispherecontrols the right side of the body; analytical, language, mathRight hemispherecontrols the left side of the body; creative, intuitive, spacialhelping-hand phenomenonpresented with two different visual stimuli, the hand that "knows" may correct the othervisual completionthe completion of filling in of a scotoma (an area with partial or complete loss of vision in the visual field) by the brain - usually in split brain patientschimeric figures testinvolves the presentation of chimeric faces, which are vertically split composites of what is usually the same person's face displaying a different expression on each half.split brain syndromeA condition in which an individual's corpus callosum is severed such that the two hemispheres of the brain cannot communicate with each other.Left vs. right brain: are there differences?•There are no absolutes in life and lateralization is just another example of that fact. •It is a matter of statistics rather than all-or-none differencesDichotic listening testa test of language lateralization in which two different sequences of three spoken digits are presented simultaneously, one to each ear, and the subject is asked to report all of the digits heardWhen it comes to Ipsilateral movements...left brain is superiorWhat did Levy (1969) discover about the right brain?The right has superior spatial abilityEmotional stimuli is prominent in...The right brain. (ex: facial expressions)What did Kimura (1964) discover?That the right hemisphere processes music better. During this test, a dichotic melody recognition task was employed to determine cerebral lateralization of melodic stimuli among musicians and nonmusicians. Subjects who performed well on the melody recognition task were more likely to show a right ear (left hemisphere) superiority than those who performed poorly.Memory is more prominent in...right hemisphereThe left brain is the...interpreter (explains the meaning of things).Frontal operculumCenter for expression of language.Broca's areaControls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.Planum temporaleinvolved in auditory processing and receptive languageWernicke's areacontrols language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobeheschel's gyruscontains primary auditory cortexWernicke-Gerschwind modelcircuit for comprehending speech and generating a verbal response3 premises to the cognitive neuroscience approach1. There are several essential cognitive processes (phonological analysis, grammatical analysis, and sematic analysis) 2. Brain areas involved in language are not exclusively for language 3. Since it is part of brain areas with multiple functions, the language areas must be small.Phonological analysisanalysis of the sound of languageGrammatical analysisanalysis of the structure of languageSemantic analysisanalysis of the meaning of languageReading: Bavelier (1997)•Brain activity was patchy •Differences between participants and within participants •More widespread than WG model predictedDamasio's PET study of Naming (1996)•Category specific encoding of words •Animals, tools, famous faces