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NBB302 Exam3: Social Cognition

Terms in this set (28)

Which technique is primarily used to study social cognition?
fMRI
Which of the following is NOT an area of the brain that modulates social cognition:

A. Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS)
B. Fusiform Face Area (FFA)
C. Ventral Striatum
D. Amygdala
E. Insular Cortex
C
Role of STS (superior temporal sulcus) in social cognition
-Integrates mental state with eye direction
-shows greater activity when the shift in eye gaze does not align with the checkerboard cue
Self-reference effect
enhanced memory for information relating to you
True or False: Self-referential knowledge is independent of specific episodic memories
True!

Evidence: In amnesic patients who no recollection of their lives, researchers found that the patients could accurately characterize their own personalities (this is the self-reference knowledge), despite remembering nothing about the details of their lives.
Which brain region is more active to words discussed in reference to the self?
mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex)
Which of the following brain regions is NOT part of the Default Mode Network?

A. PFC
B. Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC)
C. Amygdala
D. Medial temporal lobe
C
What is the Default Mode Network responsible for?
Responsible for introspection (any thoughts NOT connecting with the external environment), revisiting memories, planning for the future
Mental State Attribution Theory
-we are social scientists at all times (constantly exploring the world)
-we watch for social cues and make conclusions off of other people's behaviors
-if a person is crying and has slouched posture -->sad
Simulation Theory
we view all behavior through a lens of our own experience and project our intentions to it
Which 2 brain regions are responsible for the Mental State Attribution Theory?
1. Medial PFC
2. Right TPJ (temporoparietal junction)

***Right TPJ showed increased activity during thoughts.
Which 2 brain regions are responsible for the Simulation Theory?
1. Medial PFC
2. Mirror Neuron Network

***MNs activate both while we're perceiving another's action and, when enough contextual clues are around, while we're predicting another's action (MNs also active when mimicking actions)
__________is more active when people were presented with other people similar to them, and __________ is more active when people were presented with people who are dissimilar to them.
Ventral mPFC, dorsal mPFC
Evidence from fMRI studies shows that the medial Prefrontal Cortex, MPFC, is active during tasks that measure?

A. How we represent others, but only using Mental State Attribution theory
B. How we represent others, but only using Simulation Theory
C. Only when we perceive gaze cues from others
D. How we represent others using either Mental State Attribution theory or Simulation Theory
D
What types of stimuli do infants prefer?
-Infants prefer (measured by selective head turning) the sound of their mother's voice and her smell over those of strangers.
-They also prefer direct gaze, and human-like shapes and movement patterns over non human-like shapes.
At birth in humans, there is an established connectivity between __________ and _________
visual cortex and FFA (fusiform face area)
True or False: Infants are born with innate social knowledge
false
Theory of Mind
The broad ability to understand that other individuals have intentions, feelings, and beliefs
Imitation and joint attention support the notion of ______

***Joint Attention: the ability to share focus on an external object with another person
Theory of Mind
True or false: Individuals with the greatest synchrony between infancy and young adulthood had the greatest ability to differentiate between emotions
True
In the rodent model, social deprivation during juvenile development leads to....
altered morphology and connectivity in PFC
In the Rhesus macaque model, maltreatment during infancy leads to...
Weakened connectivity between amygdala and PFC, decreased white matter integrity
True or False: We are predisposed to become social beings
True
What convergent evidence is available from rodent and non-human primate studies on the effect of social deprivation on brain development?

A. The literature from both animal models reports no effect of social deprivation on brain structure or function.
B. Only maltreatment in infancy has an effect on brain development
C. Maltreatment in infancy and/or juvenile development leads to changes in the prefrontal cortex.
D. Studies from both models report an effect of deprivation on brain development, but none identify an active ingredient. All deprivation appears to 'act' similarly.
C
Which of the following is NOT a Neurodevelopmental Disorder?

A. Autism
B. Schizophrenia
C. Depression
D. Antisocial Personality Disorder
C
ASD infants start with ______eye-looking at birth than control infants. Over the next several months, ASD infants significantly ______ eye-looking compared the control infants
greater; decrease
True of False: DMN activation is different in adults/older children with ASD
True
Many individuals with ASD are more interested in ________ and less interested/less activation towards _______
objects; faces
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