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CRIM 220 Final Study quiz answers

Terms in this set (50)

In the mid-______, there was a notable drop in crime that lasted nearly two decades.
1990s
When groups of citizens protest police injustice, they are implying that they believe which of the following?
Police, which are an extension of the government, do not have trustworthy motives.
Police work is overwhelmingly composed of ______, a fact that police reformers wish was more well-known to the public.
order-maintenance tasks
In order to best measure police performance, which of the following is vital?
complete and accurate statistics
In which of the following ways has policing been changing over the past 10-15 years?
Racial and ethnic minorities now comprise about 27% of local police.
In 2018, over half of the graduates of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice were women.
Financial difficulties have forced many communities to decide which police protections they can live without.
Which of the following is TRUE of the 1960s, which proved to be one of the most challenging decades in the history of policing in the United States?
Social disorder produced fear.
The ______ involved radical reorganization of police agencies.
Reform Era
Police professionalism during the Reform Era was equated with ______.
technological advances and improved administration
The police placing more emphasis on impersonal rules, laws, and discipline was an effort to gain ______.
legitimacy
Which of the following statements about the Political Era is NOT true?
It involved radical reorganization with a centralized administrative bureaucracy.
There are a number of different designs for police organizations. Which of the following is a design mentioned in Chapter 3?
functional
The foundation of ______, a significant professional achievement, lies in the development of standards containing a clear statement of professional objectives.
accreditation
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of collective bargaining?
work stoppages
According to the ______ characteristic of a hierarchical structure, a police officer or line officer reports directly to and is responsible to a single person.
unity of command
______ is a characteristic that is seen as a drawback of using the paramilitary structure in a police organization.
Discouragement of individual creativity
It typically takes law enforcement officers ______ years to move up the ranks to police chief.
15-20
Which generation is anticipated to comprise the majority of police officers in the United States by the year 2020?
Millennials
Which of the following statements about affirmative action is true?
The burden of demonstrating that requirements are job related falls on the employer.
______ involves an employment policy or practice that adversely impacts a person or group.
Disparate impact
A(n) ______ is an exception to the prohibition against basing hiring decisions on religion, race, sex, age, or national origin, if such basis is shown to be a requirement necessary to the specific functions of the job.
bona fide occupational qualification
Community policing is NOT directed solely at addressing problems that cannot be addressed by ______.
traditional policing methods
______ refers to a "genuine feeling" on the part of the police that the public they serve has something to contribute to policing.
Police-community reciprocity
Which of the following statements pertaining to community-oriented policing is NOT true?
Community policing is reactive and is intended to help improve the quality of life for those who are most vulnerable, such as the poor, the elderly, and the homeless.
The emphasis on ______ is one of the main features that distinguishes problem-oriented policing from community-oriented policing.
strategy
______ focuses on addressing some police-community issues through unique approaches or thinking outside the box.
Solution-oriented policing
In most cases, officers are influenced by formal organizational structures and expressed organizational values and also by ______.
expectations of other police officers that are passed along through the organizational structure
Which would most likely be experienced by an officer working the night shift in a sparsely populated rural suburb?
hypostress
Which of the following contributes to the subculture that stresses bravery, which is ultimately related to the perceived as well as actual dangers of policing?
potential for becoming a victim of a violent encounter
Which of the following would NOT be associated with the "six normative orders" within policing?
brevity
Which of the following is considered a source of police stress?
task demands
interpersonal demands
physical demands
______ law was established to maintain peace and order, and its basic purpose is to protect society from the injurious acts of individuals.
criminal
The law in the United States is ______.
sometimes contradictory
Which of the following refers to what a reasonable person, in similar circumstances, based on similar information, might conclude?
reasonableness
When based on objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances, ______ may be used as the basis for stopping and frisking suspicious individuals.
reasonable suspicion
According to the textbook, which of the following is true about gun control?
Police are concerned about the 2nd Amendment because its interpretation determines to some extent the number of citizens who have access to and permission to carry weapons.
At what levels of policing does the process of discretion occur?
only by officers working patrol
only by superior officers
only by detectives
Which of the following is true of police discretionary power?
It is a normal, desirable, and unavoidable part of policing.
______ refers to the exercise of individual choice or judgment concerning possible courses of action.
police discretion
According to the text, which of the following besides education, training, and length of service of the officer has been shown to influence an officer's decision on how a case will be handled?
wishes of the complainant
Adhering to a supervisor's policy of not ticketing unless an individual has exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 miles an hour is an example of the influence of ______.
department policy and culture
Taking inappropriate action or intentionally giving incorrect information describes ______.
misfeasance
______ is any intentional act that is based on either illegality or disregard of the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics or departmental policy.
malfeasance
According to the 1998 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, police officers who are ______ are more susceptible to corrupt practices.
young
______ is the most widespread form of police misconduct; it includes a wide variety of unauthorized material inducements or gratuities, ranging from discounted clothing and meals to free alcoholic beverages and commercial sex.
Corruption of authority
Research has found that ______ were more likely to experience nonfatal force during their most recent contact with police than other ethnic groups.
blacks
In which of the following court cases did the Supreme Court rule that police agencies seeking to use a GPS tracking device on a vehicle of a person under investigation must first obtain a search warrant?
United States v. Jones
The ______ system may be of use in AMBER Alert searches and also to fight motor vehicle theft.
LPR
______ has long been associated with crime analysis and is a process that uses a geographic information system to conduct spatial analyses of crime problems and other police issues.
crime mapping
All of the following can be used to generate a DNA profile EXCEPT for ______.
microbes on cell phones
Which of the following acts gave federal authorities much wider latitude in monitoring Internet usage and expanded the way such data are shared among different agencies?
The USA PATRIOT ACT
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