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Bio Exam 3 Questions & answers

Terms in this set (34)

Maisy takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?

a. It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
b. It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
c. It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
d. It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.e. It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure
a. It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
Why are there two centers (sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node) controlling contractions of the heart?

a. Allows for blood to flow at high pressure through the aorta and a lower pressure through the pulmonary vein.
b. Allows for a delay in contraction between the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart.
c. Allows two circuits to form: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit.
d. Allows for ions to flow independently through gap junctions.e. Allows neurotransmitters to independently regulate contractions initiated by two different centers.
b. Allows for a delay in contraction between the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart.
Why is the velocity of blood flow the lowest in capillaries?

a. The capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells.
b. Capillaries are far from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases.
c. The diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a high flow rate.
d. The systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle.
e. The total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles
e. The total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles
If you have a red blood cell in the right ventricle, where would it go next?

a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. pulmonary artery
d. pulmonary veine. aorta
c. pulmonary artery
The partial pressure of oxygen in adult tissues is 40 mm Hg. When a red blood cell is near tissues, it loses oxygen.How much oxygen is transferred from each hemoglobin molecule to the tissues in a mother at resting conditions?

a. all 4 oxygen molecules.
b. 3 molecules of oxygen.
c. 2 molecules of oxygen.
d. 1 molecule of oxygen.
e. None
d. 1 molecule of oxygen
What are the benefits of having the systemic and pulmonary circuits in the mammalian heart?

a. The two circuits can send blood out of the heart at different pressures.
b. Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood do not mix.
c. Allow for extremely low metabolic rates.
d. A and B.
e. A and C
d. A and B.
Which of the following is not a component of blood plasma in humans?

a. Water
b. Ions
c. Oxygen
d. White blood cells
e. Nutrients
d. White blood cells
The exchange of gases and nutrients between the circulatory system and tissues of the body occurs in the:

a. capillaries.
b. arteries.
c. veins.
d. heart.
e. lymphatic system
a. capillaries.
We keep talking about the ways that "form meets function" in anatomy and physiology. How does form meet function in the alveoli?

a. Blood sprays into the alveolar sac where it meets atmospheric air, and this allows gas exchange to occur.
b. The alveoli are tiny inflated sacs with an epithelial layer that is one cell thick. They are encapsulated by capillaries that also have an epithelial layer one cell thick.
c. The partial pressure of oxygen is much higher in the air entering the alveoli than in the blood; oxygen diffuses down its partial pressure gradient into the blood.
d. B & C.
e. All of the above
d. B & C.
What is the volume of air moved when you take a normal breath at rest?

a. Total volume.
b. Vital capacity.
c. Tidal volume.
d. Inspiratory reserve volume.
e. Expiratory reserve volume
c. Tidal volume.
Which of the following pairings is correct with regards to the direction of blood flow in the human body?

a. Left side of the heart - oxygenated blood - systemic circuit.
b. Left side of the heart - deoxygenated blood - systemic circuit.
c. Right side of the heart - oxygenated blood - pulmonary circuit.
d. Right side of the heart - oxygenated blood - systemic circuit
a. Left side of the heart - oxygenated blood - systemic circuit.
What would you expect to happen if the semi lunar valve atop the left ventriclewas leaky?

a. Blood would flow at lower than normal pressure into the pulmonarytrunk during ventricular systole.
b. Blood would flow at higher than normal pressure into the pulmonarytrunk during ventricular diastole.
c. Blood would flow at lower than normal pressure into the aorta duringventricular systole.
d. Blood would flow at higher than normal pressure into the aorta duringventricular systole.
e. Blood would flow at higher than normal pressure into the aorta duringventricular diastole
c. Blood would flow at lower than normal pressure into the aorta during ventricular systole.
Use the figure of an action potential incardiac myocytes to answer this question. Theopposing flow of what ions causes the plateauphase (labeled #2 in the figure)?

a. Na+ flowing into the cell and Ca2+ flowing out of the cell.
b. Na+ flowing into the cell and K+ flowing out of the cell.
c. Na+ flowing out of the cell and Mg2+flowing into the cell.
d. K+ flowing out the cell and Ca2+ flowing into the cell.
e. K+ flowing out of the cell and Mg2+ flowing into the cell
d. K+ flowing out the cell and Ca2+ flowing into the cell.
Use the figure of an action potential in cardiac myocytes to answer this question. Which phase represents the depolarization phase?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
a. 0
Refer to the ECG shown below.What wave of the ECG is abnormal?What area of the heart does this suggest is not conducting impulses as it should?

a. P wave; ventricles.
b. QRS complex; ventricles.
c. T wave; atria.
d. P wave; atria.
e. T wave; ventricles
e. T wave; ventricles
Systolic pressure is ______, and diastolic pressure is ______.

a. The highest pressure caused by blood ejection from the heart; the lowest pressure caused by ventricular relaxation.
b. The lowest pressure caused by blood ejection from the heart; the highest pressure caused by ventricular relaxation.
c. The lowest pressure caused by ventricular relaxation; the highest pressure caused by blood ejection from the heart.
d. The highest pressure caused by ventricular relaxation; the lowest pressure caused by blood ejection from the heart
a. The highest pressure caused by blood ejection from the heart; the lowest pressure caused by ventricular relaxation.
Refer to the figure of a nephron tubule. Based on the choices below, where would you find aquaporins?

a. A
b. D
c. C and D
d. C and F
e. A, C, D and F
d. C and F
Bumetanide is a diuretic that decreases the activity ofNa+ transporters in the thick ascending limb of theloop of Henle. How does this drug cause increasedwater loss?

a. It results in the establishment of a larger concentration gradient in the medulla.
b. It results in the establishment of a weaker concentration gradient in the medulla.
c. It decreases water permeability in the collecting duct.
d. It results in less water diffusing from the ascending limb the loops of Henle.
b. It results in the establishment of a weaker concentration gradient in the medulla.
The kidneys help regulate the pH balance by controlling the level of bicarbonate(HCO3-) and protons (H+) in the blood. The swelling of the kidneys can lead to adisorder called metabolic acidosis, which results in poor removal of protons fromthe blood. What would you expect to happen to someone with metabolicacidosis?

a. Increase in breathing rate.
b. Decrease in breathing rate.
c. Increased kidney filtration.
d. No response
a. Increase in breathing rate.
Several hormones help regulate water and solute uptake and release in thenephron. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes _______.

a. active transport of Cl-
b. active transport of Na+
c. increased permeability of the collecting duct to water.
d. decreased permeability of the collecting duct to water
c. increased permeability of the collecting duct to water.
Imagine you are examining a small mammal that lives under desert conditionsand is water deprived. You would predict that levels of the antidiuretic hormone(ADH) in its blood would be:

a. high, and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood.
b. high, and that its urine would be less concentrated than its blood.
c. low, and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood.
d. low, and that its urine would be less concentrated than its blood.
e. high, and that its urine would be no more concentrated than its blood
a. high, and that its urine would be more concentrated than its blood.
Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

a. water retention.
b. filtration of blood.
c. excretion of nitrogenous waste.
d. regulation of salt balance in the blood.
e. production of urea
e. production of urea
What do you suppose would happen to the volume of the urine if the descending portion of the loop of Henle stopped working?

a. The volume of the urine would not change.
b. The volume of the urine would increase.
c. The volume of the urine would decrease.
d. The salt concentration of the urine would remain constant
b. The volume of the urine would increase.
A new drug has been developed for the treatment of diabetes. It acts by makingskeletal muscles more responsive to insulin. What type of diabetes patient wouldbe most likely to benefit from this drug?

a. A type I diabetes patient.
b. A type II diabetes patient.
c. Both a type I and a type II diabetes patient
b. A type II diabetes patient.
What happens when there are elevated levels (more than normal) of thyroidhormones T3 and T4?

a. The hypothalamus would increase the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
b. The hypothalamus would decrease the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
c. There would be no response by the hypothalamus
b. The hypothalamus would decrease the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
Cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex. Increased levels of cortisol are sensed by the hypothalamus, which then decreases the levels of corticotropin releasing hormone. This is an example of

a. Negative feedback.
b. Positive feedback.
c. Feedforward information.
d. Metabolism
a. Negative feedback.
Amine and Polypeptide hormones are _________ and the location of their targetcell receptors can be found in the ________.

a. Lipophilic, plasma membrane.
b. Lipophilic, cytosol.
c. Lipophilic, nucleus.
d. Hydrophilic, plasma membrane.
e. Hydrophilic, nucleus
d. Hydrophilic, plasma membrane.
Epinephrine is an example of a hormone that can trigger multiple responses,how is this possible?

a) Different receptor types.
b) Production of tissue-specific molecules.
c) Epinephrine having plasma membrane receptors and intracellular receptors.
d) A & B
e) A, B, & C
d) A & B
Neurohormones are secreted from which part of the endocrine system?

a. Adrenal gland.
b. Hypothalamus.
c. Anterior pituitary.
d. Posterior pituitary.
e. Pancreas
b. Hypothalamus.
After you eat a sugary meal your pancreas releases _______ to _______ your bloodglucose. This is an example of ________ feedback.

a. Glucagon, increase, negative feedback.
b. Glucagon, decrease, positive feedback.
c. Insulin, increase, negative feedback.
d. Insulin, decrease, negative feedback
d. Insulin, decrease, negative feedback
Select the option that best describes the type of immunity associated withvaccination.

a. Acquired immunity; active; natural.
b. Acquired immunity; passive; natural.
c. Acquired immunity; active; artificial.
d. Acquired immunity; passive; artificial.
e. Innate immunity
c. Acquired immunity; active; artificial.
During inflammation why is the dilation of blood vessel at the site of infection or injury important?

a) Speeds up delivery of white blood cells.
b) Increases blood flow to the area.
c) Narrows the capillaries allowing the inflammatory response to occur.
d) A & B
e) All the above
d) A & B
Which is correct regarding the immune system?

a) Innate immunity is nonspecific and requires prior exposure.
b) Adaptive immunity is present in all organisms.
c) Adaptive immunity develops after exposure, but is nonspecific.
d) Innate immunity protects against foreign cells without having to recognize their specific identity.
e) Adaptive immunity will illicit the same immune response regardless of the number of times it has been exposed to a pathogen
d) Innate immunity protects against foreign cells without having to recognize their specific identity.
Which best describes humoral immunity?

a) Types of innate immune response.
b) Plasma cells secrete antibodies that bind to antigens.
c) Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells.
d) B cells phagocytose pathogens.
e) Helper T cells help to recruit cytotoxic T cells to fight off an infection.
b) Plasma cells secrete antibodies that bind to antigens.
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