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Psych 453 Human Sexuality Exams

Terms in this set (107)

Effacement
thinning of the cervix
Dilation
opening of the cervix
In what stage of labor is the placenta dispelled?
third-stage
Which is NOT a known risk factor for postpartum depression?
a. lack of exercise
b. genetic variability
c. severe stressors
d. poor relationship quality
a. lack of exercise
What is an example of the undesired consequences of breastfeeding?
continuing to monitor the substances you intake
Which is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding over bottle-feeding?
a. it stimulates a healthy microbiome in the baby's gut
b. it significantly improves the baby's temperament
c. it protects the baby from some infections
d. it reduces the risk of childhood obesity
e. it reduces the likelihood of pregnancy
b. it significantly improves the baby's temperament
What best defines the medicalization of sexuality?
a. certain conditions and behaviors are explained in terms of health and illness
b. problematic practices or experiences are given medical treatment
c. performing sexuality based on your society's norms
d. sense of trust that people have with doctors diagnosing sexual disorders
e. both A and B
e. A and B
Sociobiology is defined as the application of ______________ biology to understanding the social behavior of animals, including humans.
evolutionary
According to psychoanalytic theory, after the resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex, children pass into a prolonged stage known as...
latency
Studies on operant conditioning suggest that...
punishments are not very effective in shaping behavior, as compared with rewards
The idea that many people refrain from public nudity and exhibitionism for fear of arrest and incarceration best illustrates that the law
a. has no significant impact on people's behavior
b. it is a mechanism of social control
c. exerts influence on sexuality through socialization of children
d. gives people the freedom to express their sexuality
b. it is a mechanism of social control
Aulia is an 8-year-old girl from Indonesia. She has a procedure done that included the removal of her clitoral glans and inner lips. The raw edges of her outer lips were then stitched back together. She experiences health problems due to difficulty urinating and menstrual fluid not having a passage to leave her body. Which procedure did Aulia most likely have?
a. cliteridectomy
b. infibulation
c. excision
d. labiaplasty
b. infibulation
Which of the following is true of the penis and the clitoris?
a. Unlike the penis, the clitoris has few or no nerve endings
b. Both the penis and the clitoris have corpora cavernosa
c. Unlike the clitoris, the penis is erectile
d. Both the penis and clitoris have a direct function in reproduction
B. Both the penis and clitoris have corpora cavernosa
The two long cylinders of spongy tissue lying on top of the penis are called the...
Corpora cavernosa
In ___________, the entire breast, the underlying pectoral muscle, and the underarm lymph nodes are removed.
Radical mastectomy
Marianismo
The concept of highly valuing motherhood and virginity until marriage in LatinX culture
Machismo
In LatinX culture, this places emphasis on maleness, virility, and men being responsible for the well-being of their family
In a particular year, news channels extensively reported the high-profile divorce of a celebrity while providing very little coverage of a hurricane in the same country. Thus, stories concerning the lives of celebrities were given more importance by the media than the destruction of lives and property. This example best illustrates which of the following types of media influence or phenomena?
A. Social learning
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Framing theory
D. Cultivation
C. Framing theory
Research on nonhuman species suggests that same gender sexual behavior is...
Found in primates and some other species
If a woman ejaculates, where is it thought that the fluid originates?
Skene's gland
Which of the following is true of pregnancy tests?
A. All over the counter pregnancy tests can detect ectopic pregnancies
B. The most common pregnancy test is based on detecting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a woman's urine
C. The later they are done, the more difficult it is for laboratory tests to detect pregnancy
D. All home pregnancy tests accurately detect a pregnancy on the first day of the missed period
B. The most common pregnancy test is based on detecting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a woman's urine
Which of the following is FALSE about the uterus?
A. The cervix is the upper third of the uterus
B. The myometrium is responsible for pushing the baby out during childbirth
C. The endometrium sloughs off with each menstrual period
D. The perimetrium is the outer layer and acts as a sheath that holds the uterus together
A. The cervix is the upper third of the uterus
If conception occurs, where is it most likely that the blastocysts implants?
The uterus
Sperm is produced in the....
Seminiferous tubules
Cancer of the ________ is the most common form of cancer in men between the ages of 29 and 35
A. Testes
During the menstrual cycle there are four phases:
Follicular, ovulation, luteal, menstruation
Riley is experiencing cramping pain in her pelvic region, along with nausea and bloating. Which of the following is she most likely experiencing?
A. Amenorrhea
B. PMS
C. Endometriosis
D. Dysmenorrhea
E. PMDD
D. Dysmenorrhea
State policy makers are deciding whether to allocate funding for the Accord Alliance to implement a program aimed to increase knowledge and awareness of the potential negative consequences of childhood surgeries on intersex individuals. Using critical thinking skills, what should the policy makers consider when making their decision?
-Scientific evidence on the effectiveness of similar programs
-Whether there is converging scientific evidence
-The cost and benefits of implementation
Which of the following statements about sexual differentiation is false?
A. Embryos are undifferentiated until the 7th week after conception
B. SRY is an important gene on the Y chromosome that directs differentiation of gonads
C. Once the gonads have differentiated, they begin to produce sex hormones, which cause the rest of differentiation of the genital system
D. Wolffian ducts turn into the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of vagina; Müllerian ducts turn into epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct
D. Wolffian ducts turn into the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of vagina; Müllerian ducts turn into epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct
What should a couple do to improve their likelihood of pregnancy?
Have sex 2-3 times during the five days before ovulation and the day of ovulation
Placenta
-produces estrogen and progesterone
-produces hCG
Substances that can have negative impacts on fetal development if ingested by a pregnant person
Marijuana, alcohol, antibiotics
Which researcher conducted the first large-scale sex survey, introduced the term transvestite, and founded the first research institute?
Magnus Hirschfeld
Kelly watches soap operas every day during her lunch break and believes people in monogamous relationships cheat on each other frequently due to seeing people on her show demonstrating this behavior. Her roommate John watches reality TV during his lunch break and after viewing people having arguments on the TV, gets into arguments with his coworkers more often. Which theory explains Kelly's and John's reactions to their shows?
Kelly: cultivation theory
John: social cognitive theory
Maria is from Mexico and whenever she makes a decision about her future, she considers how this will impact her family and often consults with them first. Her friend Sara is from the U.S. and tells Maria she should just do what she wants without having to talk to her family first and believes this is the right thing to do. What is guiding Sara's advice?
Individualistic beliefs
The South Pacific island of Mangaia is more likely to have sexual behavior involving _______________ whereas the small island in Ireland of Inis Beag is more likely to have sexual behavior involving ____________________.
-13 year old boys having sex with experienced women

-keeping underwear on during sex
Examples of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
-pesticides such as DDT and atrazine
-bisphenol A (BPA)
-fracking chemicals
-PCBs
Jesse's body produces typical levels of testosterone, but as a result of a genetic condition, their body tissues are insensitive to testosterone so Jesse was born with a small vagina but no uterus and undescended testes. Jesse most likely has:
Androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
The inguinal canal is the passageway for the descent of the
Testes
Which of the following is true of the adrenal glands?
A. They limit the growth of pubic and axillary hair in females
B. They are located just below the pituitary
C. In females, they are the major producers of androgen
D. Adrenarche generally begins after age 14
C. In females, they are the major producers of androgen
In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
The follicle turns into a glandular mass of cells called the corpus luteum
Evolutionary theory example
Men may choose sexually available women for short-term relationships but avoid them looking for long-term relationships
Freud described human personality as being comprised of idealism, the pleasure principle, and the reality principle. These concepts correspond, in order, to the...
Superego, id, ego
Whenever Margaret's boyfriend comes to her house they watch the same show on Netflix before starting to kiss halfway through the show. Now, when Margaret hears the theme song to the show she begins to become aroused even when her boyfriend is not there. In this situation, what is Margaret's arousal to hearing the theme song?
Conditioned response
Which theory would best explain why a child would see their parent putting on make-up and then later, when they are playing pretend, they put on make-up with chalk?
Social learning theory
In a gender schema experiment showing children images of boys and girls performing either gender-stereotype consistent or inconsistent behaviors, what did researchers find a week later when testing recall of these images?
Children changes the gender for the inconsistent images
Grafenberg spot
Female prostate, aka Skene's gland, hypothesized to produce ejaculation in some women
Menstrual synchrony is caused by...
Pheromones
Approximate age children start playing "doctor" or exploring each other's genitals
~4
Adrenarche
An increase in androgen levels in boys and girls
Occurs around the same time in boys and girls
Refers to the maturation of the adrenal glands
Typically occurs around 8-10 years of age
What is the most common method of early abortion?
Vacuum aspiration
A group of 100 women use a particular BC pill for one year. Over the course of the year, 10 of those women become pregnant. What is the failure rate of that pill?
10%
Margaret Sanger
One of the early crusaders for birth control during the early 1900s in the U.S.
During this stage of sexual response in a male body the tests are fully elevated, the prostate enlarges, and the Cowper's gland secretions appear at the tip of the penis
Late excitement
The term for an accumulation of blood in the blood vessels of a region in the body, e.g. the genitals
Vasocongestion
Consensual nonmonogamy
A committed relationship and have the understanding that they can date other people and have sex with individuals outside of their relationship while continuing their relationship
In aging male bodies, ___________ production gradually decreases.
Testosterone
What are the two factors Masters & Johnson identified that are critical to maintaining sexual capacity in old age?
Good physical and mental health; regularity of sexual expression
Michael felt that he had not been receiving enough attention from his wife over the past year. As a result, he began an extramarital affair with a coworker. Which theory helps us understand what motivated him to have the affair?
Equity theory
The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) was conducted in 2009. What was a weakness in the research methods for this study?
Only a 53% response rate
_________ is/are often used to be able to study special populations, who are defined by their sexual behavior.
Web-based surveys
Alfred Kinsey's research took strict precautions to ensure that....
Responses were anonymous and remained that way
A story about 2 students sexting was sensationalized by the media. Parents, teachers, administrators had an extreme reaction and became increasingly concerned about the rapid decline of society's principles. What is the best term to describe this?
Moral panic
The quality of psychological attachment that infants form soon after birth is linked to...
A person's capacity for emotional attachment in adulthood
According to Kinsey's data ___% of males and ___% of females masturbate to orgasm at least once in their lives.
-92%; 58%
Much of hookup sex is bad because...
It is either coercive or not pleasurable
Which of the following is NOT an example of a biological measure of sex?
A. Genital measures of arousal (e.g. penile gauge)
B. Direct observation
C. MRI and fMRI
D. Pupil dilation
D. Direct observation
An IAT might look at implicit associations of gender and number of sexual partners and whether...
Individuals' non-conscious bias indicates that they associate number or sexual partners differently for men and women
Jordan is conducting a research study looking at frequency with which UW students have sex based on whether they self-identify as having a disability or not. Jordan wants to ensure that they have approximately equal numbers of participants that are in each of the two groups. Because there are fewer students with a disability than students without one, Jordan has to oversample the disability group for the study. What type of sampling is this?
Probability sampling
A study is conducted to look at the efficacy of a new antibiotic treatment for HGB in American adults. This treatment has no evidence of harmful side effects in preliminary research. Individuals are briefed on what participating in the study will consist of and 500 men agree to participate and successfully enroll in the study. It is discovered that this new drug is very successful in treating the infection, and it is approved for use by the FDA for all adults infected with HGB. Which ethical principle of research is of concern in this study?
Justice— there are no women or non-binary people included in the research
Jacob is taking Human Sexuality and on the first day he is asked to fill out a survey on his sex history. One question asked how often he uses any form of contraceptive when engaging in sexual activity. Jacob knows he rarely uses protection, but is embarrassed to indicate that on the surgery, so answers that he uses protection "always or almost always". What problem with accuracy of measurement does Jacob's situation best represent?
Purposeful distortion
The refractory period in men...
Becomes longer as male bodies age
The dual control model of sexual response proposes these two basic processes of human sexual response
Excitation and inhibition
Triphasic model of sexual response
sexual desire, vasocongestion, muscle contraction of orgasm
In male bodies....
Erections are produced by spinal reflexes
Erections can be created by tactile stimulation of the genitals
Imagined fantasies can produce erections without physical stimulation
The combination birth control pill:
-the withdrawal of estrogen and progestin results in the uterine lining being shed
-progestin thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from getting through
-implantation is less likely if the egg is fertilized
-high levels of progestin inhibit LH production
LARC stands for
long acting reversible contraception
Caitlin is engaged to her fiancé and the relationship is very committed. She wants to get married to her partner before getting pregnant and is also very eager to start a family immediately after the wedding. Given that some birth control methods can have a bit of a delay before pregnancy can occur, which might be the best birth control option for Caitlin?
IUD
Which of these is the least effective form of birth control?
A. The pill
B. Diaphragm
C. Vaginal ring
D. Rhythm
E. Spermicides
E. Spermicides
Which is false about sterilization in people with a vagina?
A. A transcervical approach is a form of sterilization that uses a blockage device
B. Laparoscopy is a form of female sterilization
C. A mini laparoscopy is a form of female sterilization
D. During a laparoscopy, an incision is made in the ovaries to block the release of an egg
E. Female sterilization prevents sperm from reaching the egg
D. During a laparoscopy, an incision is made in the ovaries to block the release of an egg
How does polyamory differ from swinging?
Unlike swinging, polyamory emphasizes long-term intimate relationships.
Classical conditioning and sexual arousal
An object becomes associated with sexual activity, resulting in the association of that object with sex and becoming aroused by the item even in the absence of your partner
Sadist
Enjoys inflicting pain on others
Masochist
one who enjoys his or her own pain and suffering
__________ is a disorder in which an individual experiences intense sexual fantasies and urges are out of control and interfere with daily functioning.
Compulsive sexual behavior
Exhibitionist
Someone who derives sexual pleasure from exposing their genitals to a non consenting person
Example of gender socialization
Classmates teasing a boy for crying, saying "boys don't cry"
In studying the orgasm gap between men and women, what has been found?
Lesbian women have a higher rate of orgasms than straight women
What was found in the bogus pipeline study?
The bogus pipeline condition showed the smallest gender difference in number of sexual partners
Cultural myths based on the Fantasy Model from Zilbergeld's book "The New Male Sexuality"
-we're liberated folks who are very comfortable with sex
-sex is centered on a hard penis and what is done with it
-all touching is sexual or should lead to sex
-a real man isn't into sissy stuff like feelings and communicating
EEOC definition of sexual harassment
-unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual behaviors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature
-submission to such conduct is made a condition of employment or academic advancement
-submission to or rejection of such conduct is used as basis for academic or employment decisions affecting the individual
-hostile environment
Gigolo
A man who provides companionship and sexual gratification for an ongoing relationship in exchange for money and typically serves only one female client at a time
Commodification of sexual intimacy, and globalization of information and people across boundaries are all social forces that contribute to
Sex tourism
Differential susceptibility of porn components
-what kind of person is most affected by viewing
-factors that contribute to a person viewing porn
-the effects that viewing porn has at the time of viewing
-how the viewing of the porn impacts the viewer long-term
Berscheid and Walster's two-component theory of love
1. Person in a state of INTENSE state of physiological arousal (can't keep hands off partner)
2. Applying a label (commitment)
Kinsey's finding of 37% of all males having had at least one homosexual experience to orgasm is...
An overestimation (only considered behavior, not identify); not found in current research
Rape of women during wartime is consistent with which theoretical view of the nature of rape?
Social disorganization
The role of alcohol in sexual assault victimization
-consumption can lead victims to be less effective in resisting an assault
-consumption reduces anxiety, which may cause victims to miss signs of danger in their environment
Approximately how many women are raped at some point in their lives?
20%
Most common type of homophily
Racial
___________ are least likely to marry someone of their own race.
Asian Americans
Byrne's study involving questionnaires about participants' opinions on multiple issues and then shown a questionnaire supposedly filled out by someone else with answers either similar to or different from theirs and asked to rate how much they liked that person
Matching Phenomenon
Ludus
Love is playful; pleasant pastime, not getting too involved or dependent on partner, no commitment to a single person, dating multiple people at once
Which approach to defining "abnormal" is reflected in this definition: "deviance is a violation of social norms"?
Sociological `
Conversion therapy
Rests on the assumption that homosexuality is an illness that can and should be cured
Which types of studies on sexual orientation and its relation to mental health used the strongest research methods?
Population studies; random sample of general population, homosexuals and heterosexuals compared
Research into the effects of porn reveals that
Exposure to aggressive pornography increases men's aggression towards women
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