Public Speaking Test 2

Term
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persuasion
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Terms in this set (155)
persuasion
the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions
Persuasion accounts for __% of US gross domestic product.
30
How long has persuasion been studied for?
more than 2000 years
make sure your goals are __________
ethically sound
persuasion is a ________________
psychological process
psychological process
it occurs in a situation where two or more points of view exist
what kind of speaking is the most complex and the most challenging?
persuasion
How listeners process persuasive messages
- persuasion is something a speaker does with an audience, not to an audience
- engage in a give-and-take
mental dialogue with your audience
the mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech
target audience
the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade
question of fact- a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion - similar to an informative speech - partisanpersuasive speeches on question of fact are usually organized ________topicallyquestion of valuea question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or actionyou must ________ your claimjustifypersuasive speeches on questions of value are almost always organized ___________topicallyquestion of policya question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be takenspeeches to gain passive agreementa persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policyspeeches to gain immediate actiona persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policyneedthe first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy.burden of proofthe obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessaryplanthe second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy.practicalitythe third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy.problem-solution ordera method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problemproblem-cause-solution ordera method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problemcomparative advantages ordera method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutionsMonroe's motivated sequencea method of organizing persuasive speeches that seeks immediate action. The five steps of the sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.Which phrase is in parallel with the sentence: "We will not waver. We will not stop." a) We cannot doubt ourselves b) we will not fail c) we will succeed d) they cannot beat usbThe meaning of a word that elicits an emotional response from a listener is the word's _________ meaning. a) connotative b) denotative c) rhythmic d) concreteaTanya, a web development expert, is preparing to give a speech at a conference on the future of Internet technologies. Knowing that some of the attendees would have very little experience in Web development, she decided to use plain language rather than complicated technical jargon. In this case, Tanya made her speech appropriate to the... a) occasion b) audience c) topic d) speakerbThe speech excerpt, "If you want to produce a prevalent brownie, you must use superseding chocolate," illustrates which of the following? a) the language is not used accurately b) the language has too many metaphors c) the language has too much alliteration d) the language has too many similesaWhich guideline did Henry violate when he chose to make several off-color jokes during his speech welcoming new employees to the company? a) use language appropriate to the occasion b) use the generic "he" to refer to all unknown persons c) use inclusive language d) use language clearlyaIn her speech, Vanessa stated, "It is important that leaders are not overly autonomous or merely satisficing when using a combinatorial rather than positional decision-making process." What mistake did she make in her language choice? a) she used too many similes b) she did not emphasize clear, familiar language c) she used too much imagery d) she used too much alliterationbTo make your speech clear and understandable, use words with which the audience will be... a) familiar b) impressed c) entranced d) perplexedaPut the following terms in order based on how concrete they are. The most concrete (or specific) should be at the top of the list. The most abstract (or general) should be at the bottom of the list. cheddar dairy cheese foodcheddar cheese dairy foodWhen instructing her local Girl Scout Brownie troop, which consisted of seven- and eight-year-olds, Sadie discussed balancing the group's bank account and making sure their acquisitions were all clearly indicated. What language guideline did she violate? a) language must be appropriate to the audience b) language must be vivid c) language must be appropriate to the speaker d) language must be appropriate to the topicaThe best time to search for and eliminate clutter from a speech is... a) while you are writing your outlines b) after the final draft of the speech has been prepared c) during your final rehearsal before delivering the speech d) after the speech has been deliveredaWhich of the following is an example of the use of pluralization to avoid use of the generic "he"? a) when a public speaker uses inclusive language, he or she shows respect to all groups b) when public speakers use inclusive language, they show respect to all groups c) when a public speaker uses inclusive language, respect is shown to all groups d) when a public speaker uses inclusive language, it shows respect to all groupsbA speech that places the audience in the middle of an experience and stirs up an emotional response can be described as... a) vivid b) clear c) accurate d) ambiguousaImagery makes speech language vivid because it... a) uses tools such as parallelism and repetition to reinforce and enhance ideas b) relies on abstract words and phrases that explain complex, theoretical ideas c) creates word pictures that let you experience concepts and ideas by appealing to the five senses d) avoids excluding members of the audience based on their gender, race, or agecWhy is it important to avoid clichéd similes, such as "busy as a bee," when giving a speech? a) they make the speaker appear dull, and they bore the audience b) they require too much explanation c) they are usually too difficult for audience members to understand d) they usually include language that is inappropriate for a speechaWhich of the following is an example of a metaphor? a) the children grew up like weeds b) the wind howled like a wolf c) the hungry dog was as thin as a twig d) the earth is a blue marble spinning in spacedWhich of the following are used to create rhythm in a speech? (choose all that apply) a) comparisons between words b) arrangement of words c) meaning of words d) choice of wordsb and dUsing the same words to start a series of successive sentences is a rhythmic technique known as... a) antithesis b) alliteration c) inclusivity d) repetitiondWhich of the following rhythmic techniques most often relies upon stating in close succession a series of different words that share an initial consonant sound? a) repetition b) parallelism c) alliteration d) antithesiscWhich of the following is a method for reducing verbal clutter in a speech? a) string together multiple adjectives and adverbs to paint a detailed picture b) consult a thesaurus to replace simple words with words that are more complex or ambiguous c) record the speech and listen to it for wasted or distracting words that can be removed d) search technical documents and scholarly writing for sophisticated words or phrases that you can use.cWhat guidelines for effective language use did Renee violate when she said, "Tell your insurance agent about any construction done to your home so he can adjust your policy"? (choose all that apply) a) avoid denotative language b) avoid stereotyping jobs by gender c) avoid generic "he" d) avoid connotative languageb and cSara has prepared a speech to give at her best friend's wedding about the history of their friendship. Although she knew everyone in the audience, she chose to avoid using slang and overly familiar language out of respect for the ceremony. In this instance, Sara used language that was appropriate to the... a) speaker b) audience c) occasion d) topiccThe primary aim of antithesis is to create rhythm by... a) using a similar arrangement for a pair of series of related words, phrases, or sentences b) reiterating the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences c) juxtaposing contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure d) repeating a consonant sound in a series of close or adjoining wordscHow does rhythm help create more vivid speeches? a) it makes it necessary for the speaker to use only concrete words b) it eliminates the need to include images or concrete words in the speech c) it reinforces and enhances the impact of speaker's words d) it requires the use of inclusive words that draw the audience incBill Clinton once said, "Somewhere at this very moment a child is being born in America. Let it be our cause to give that child a happy home, a healthy family, and a hopeful future." Which methods for creating rhythm did he use in the second sentence? (choose all that apply) a) parallelism b) antithesis c) alliteration d) metaphora and cTo avoid clutter, speakers should eliminate... a) overly simple phrases b) redundant adjectives and adverbs c) indents and other visual markers d) references to people, places, or thingsbAt a retirement party for a colleague, Eric used plain, unemotional language to describe his colleague's time with the company. Afterward, a coworker mentioned that the speech did not pay proper tribute to how much the departing colleague meant to the company. Which rule of using language appropriately did Eric violate? a) appropriateness of mannerisms b) appropriateness to the topic c) appropriateness to the audience d) appropriateness to the speakerbGary is assigned to speak at his school about the 1986 disaster in which the Challenger space shuttle exploded, so he watches the speech President Reagan gave after the tragedy. What are the best ways for Gary to use that speech to ensure his own language will be appropriate to the speaker? (choose all that apply) a) Imitate President Reagan, trying to become him, since the 1986 speech was so effective b) Study President Reagan's techniques for achieving vividness c) try to adapt President Reagan's clarity, blending it with his own style d) borrow President Reagan's style but insert slang to make the language less formalb and cListening to effective speakers and blending their techniques into your own personal style is a good way of ensuring your language is... a) appropriate to the audience b) appropriate to the topic c) appropriate to the occasion d) appropriate to the speakerdWhich of the following are alternatives to the use of the generic "he"? (choose all that apply) a) it b) she c) they d) he or shec and dWhich of the following sentences is an example of antithesis? a) these martyrs died so that we may live b) the conditions were cold, crowded, and cramped c) if you want knowledge, go to school. If you want wealth, go to school d) the forest grew, the forest lived, and the forest thrivedaWhich of the following statements about the relationship between rhythm and meaning is true? a) rhythm enhances the meaning of language b) without rhythm, there is no meaning c) rhythm obscures the meaning of language d) rhythm and meaning are mutually exclusiveaWhich of the following should be avoided in an inclusive speech? (choose all that apply) a) jokes making fun of someone's gender b) assumptions based on common stereotypes c) self-deprecating humor d) group names or labels chosen by the groups themselvesa and bSelect the word that best continues the pattern of alliteration in the following sentence: "For us to achieve lasting change, we must constantly petition the government, we must poke, prod, and... a) push b) nag c) encourage d) cajoleaStacy uses slang and abstract words during her everyday speech, but during her speech on a recent change to her state's tax laws, she uses her own developed style that avoids both of these things. By using her own developed style, Stacy is using language that is... a) appropriate for the speaker b) inappropriate for the audience c) inclusive d) full of vivid imageryaDuring his speech, Tim said, "Tell your veterinarian about any sudden changes in your animal. He needs to know all the details before he can make a diagnosis." Which guideline for effective language did he violate? a) respect age and race b) use a language style appropriate to the speaker c) avoid the generic use of "he" d) use the names that a group uses to identify itselfccIn the Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln said, "The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." What method for creating rhythm did he use? a) metaphor b) simile c) antithesis d) repetitioncTrue or false: Audiences expect speakers to use inclusive language. a) true b) falseaWhat method for creating rhythm did Mildred use in her presentation when she said, "Your boat must be ready to launch immediately, stem, sail, and stern"? a) simile b) antithesis c) repetition d) alliterationdWhich of the following is the best way to revise the sentence "We need the best man for the job" to use inclusive language? a) he or she needs the best man for the job b) we need the best person for the job c) we need the best one for the job d) we need the best man for the jobbWhich of the following words is an example of stereotyping jobs by gender? a) architect b) salesman c) manager d) doctorbIf a label used in your speech to identify a group has been called out as offensive by members of the group in question, how should you revise the speech to be more inclusive? a) consult members of the group and ask what name they prefer b) eliminate reference to the group and use more abstract language c) make up a code name that members of the audience will recognize as a reference to the group d) mention in the speech that some people find the term offensiveaWhat method of creating rhythm did Miguel employ when he said, "In Venice and Paris, in London and Berlin, all of Europe watched with anticipation." a) antithesis b) metaphor c) parallelism d) alliterationcMaria is giving a speech on inexpensive vacationing to a group of seniors and says the following: "A rad place to find cheap flights is on Web sites like Kayak or Orbitz. There y'all can easily compare different flights from different carriers. Be sure to look out for deals on first class, too. They're still loads more expensive than coach, but YOLO, right?" Which of the following did Maria do in her speech? a) she failed to use appropriate language b) she used a metaphor to create interest c) she established good rhythm d) she used vivid language to create a word pictureaWhat is the best way to develop a personal speaking style that is clear, vivid, and appropriate? a) pick one or two of your favorite speakers and imitate their language and mannerisms as closely as possible b) speak in whichever manner is easiest and most natural to you c) read and listen to effective speakers and blend their techniques with your own language style d) avoid outside influences and ignore negative feedback whenever possiblecTrue or false: It is safe to assume that if the meaning of a word is clear to you, it will be clear to your audience. a) true b) falsebWhich of the following are benefits concrete words have that abstract words lack? (choose all that apply) a) concrete words are more vague b) concrete words are easier to misinterpret c) concrete words can be easier to recall d) concrete words are clearerc and dWhich of the following are components of vivid language? (choose all that apply) a) mystery b) rhythm c) wordiness d) imageryb and dWhich of the following is likely to engage the audience's five senses? a) surprising statistics b) rhythmic repetition c) rhetorical questions d) vivid imagerydWhat is the primary difference between metaphors and similes? a) metaphors use concrete language, whereas similes use abstract language b) metaphors make implicit comparisons, whereas similes make explicit comparisons c) metaphors make statements, whereas similes ask questions d) metaphors compare, whereas similes describebWinston Churchill once said, "We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." Which of the following did he use to achieve rhythm in this passage? a) alliteration b) repetition c) simile d) metaphorbJess is the coach of a youth basketball team, and she gave several speeches to her team during a recent game. When she described how to run a certain play, she used plain and direct language. When she wanted to motivate her team to play to the best of their abilities, she used elevated language filled with metaphors and alliteration. In this example, Jess was using language that is appropriate to the... a) audience b) occasion c) topic d) speakercWhat guideline for effective language did Kathy violate when in 2018 she referred to her cousin, who cannot walk and thus uses a wheelchair, as "handicapped" rather than "disabled"? a) use language appropriate to the topic b) use denotative language c) use language appropriate to speaker d) use names that groups use to identify themselvesdMarcee will be speaking about a trip she took to Africa to help build wells in villages with limited access to clean water. Marcee wants to use vivid language in order to move her audience emotionally. Which of the following is her best option? a) a summary of the schedule she followed during her trip b) statistics on water contamination in Africa c) information on how listeners can build wells in Africa d) detailed descriptions of how the villagers reacted to the new wellsdJoyce, a college student, used the words "dudes" and "you guys" when addressing her school's faculty about her concerns. Which are true of these word choices? a) she used alliteration to make her speech more compelling b) she did not use language appropriate to the audience c) she used figurative language to explain her main point d) she did not use language that was appropriate to the occasionb and dWhich of the following is the primary guideline violated by the statement, "Due to the fact that the ideas were reviewed by those who hoped to be empowered by the process of voting, the final analysis would be worthy"? a) use language appropriately b) use language accurately c) eliminate clutter d) avoid clichescWhat method of creating imagery did Lana use when she said, "He slithered into town quietly so that no one would notice when he dug in his fangs and slowly poisoned their minds." a) parallelism b) rhyme c) simile d) metaphordFor which of the following topics would a speaker be most likely to emphasize poetic language to evoke emotion rather than simple, straightforward language? a) demonstrating how to knit socks b) giving a toast at a friend's wedding c) instructing on proper weightlifting technique d) explaining how to make lasagnabWhich of the following is a good rule of thumb to follow when considering whether language is appropriate to an audience? a) speak now, apologize later b) get their attention by any means necessary c) avoid formalities whenever possible d) when in doubt-don'tdCambrianne tells Juan about her new dog, a canine named Skippy. Discussing her new pet, Cambrianne is using the ______ meaning of the word dog. a) connotative b) denotative c) alliterative d) abstractbTrue or false: Including rhythm and vivid imagery in your speech will make it more interesting for your listeners. a) true b) falseaWhat method of creating imagery did Jeremy use when he said, "The elderly woman's fingers were thin, gnarled branches, twisting oddly from the stem of her palms." a) parallelism b) antithesis c) metaphor d) similecBen is giving a speech in his chemistry class in which he describes a recent experiment he conducted. Which of the following language should he use in his speech? a) metaphors b) technical language c) abstract language d) alliterationbA word's literal meaning (without emotional associations) is its __________ meaning.denotativeWhich of the following is the most likely to weaken the credibility of a speaker? a) using concrete words b) using language inaccurately c) using plain language d) repeating wordsbDuring his speech, Ari quoted article 1, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution to his class without further explanation: "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed." In what ways did Ari not follow rules of good language? (choose all that apply) a) he did not use words likely to be familiar to the audience b) he did not use language accurately c) he used language with connotation d) he did not use language clearlya and dHilario includes the following passage in a speech on his recent visit to a national park: "Even though it was the height of summer, I felt cool standing in the dappled shade beneath the ancient trees. All around me I could hear the chirp of small birds and the rustle of leaves stirred by a breeze." By including this passage, Hilario has created... a) a simile b) vivid imagery c) a cliche d) a metaphorbWhat method for making a speech more vivid did Lauren use when she said, "His idea fell apart like cardboard in the rain." a) rhythm b) metaphor c) alliteration d) similedWhich of the following are benefits of using repetition to create rhythm? (choose all that apply) a) emphasizing a single idea by stating it more than once b) drawing comparisons between things that are different but have something in common c) juxtaposing two or more contrasting ideas d) creating a strong emotional effect e) unifying a sequence of ideasa, d, and eWhat guideline for using language effectively is violated in the statement, "Man should be thankful that our planet continues to produce the natural resources needed for survival"? a) avoid using "man" when referring to both men and women b) use concrete language c) use language vividly d) use names that groups use to identify themselvesaIn her speech, Helen said, "When the firemen got to the burning home, the flames were leaping 10 feet above the roof." What language error did Helen make? a) she stereotypes all firefighters as men b) she did not use imagery c) she used familiar words d) she used off-color languageaWhat guideline for effective language did Joni follow when she said, "All the performers in the show were transgender"? a) use names that groups use to identify themselves b) insert verbal filters to develop ideas c) use slang and jargon d) avoid language that is vividaThomas is giving a keynote speech at a formal convention of highly respected medical researchers. Which of the following greetings would be the most appropriate to the occasion? a) how's everyone doing out there? b) here we are! c) distinguished guests: d) hello, everyone.cWhich aspect of United States society does inclusive speech reflect? a) decline of common decency b) extreme political partnership c) growing respect for diversity d) increasing censorship for free expressioncUsing a similar arrangement for a series of related words to create rhythm and enhance meaning is known as... a) repetition b) antithesis c) parallelism d) alliterationcWords that refer to tangible objects are ______ words, while ______ words are used to refer to concepts or ideas. a) abstract; tangible b) abstract; concrete c) concrete; abstract d) concrete; absolutecWhat guideline for using language effectively did Deshari violate when she used basketball terms such as "zone defense" and "pick and roll" to discuss her ideas to her speech class? a) she did not use language appropriate to the topic b) she did not use language appropriate to the speaker c) she did not use language appropriate to the audience d) she did not use inclusive languagecWhich of the following are strategies for improving the clarity of a speech? (choose all that apply) a) use familiar words b) choose abstract over concrete words c) prioritize rhythm over meaning d) eliminate verbal cluttera and dWhich of the following should be avoided in order to improve the clarity of a speech? a) commonly used words b) plain and unexciting words c) short words with one or two syllables d) obscure technical termsdHiro gave a speech on the plight of an endangered bird species. After the speech, an audience member thanked him and explained that, despite having never heard of the bird prior to the speech, she now had a very clear mental picture of the bird's habits and could "almost hear the bird calling to its mate." Given this response, Hiro's speech most likely included... a) vivid imagery b) familiar language c) ample supporting evidence d) clear languageaIn her speech paying tribute to her aunt, Julia said, "The sadness of her youth led to the youthfulness of her old age." What method was she using to establish rhythm? a) rhyme b) metaphor c) simile d) antithesisdTo ensure that your speech uses language appropriately, you should make sure it is appropriate to which of the following? (choose all that apply) a) the speaker b) the occasion c) the audience d) the compensation e) the topica, b, c, and eBarack Obama once said, "Tonight, if you feel the same energy that I do, if you feel the same urgency that I do, if you feel the same passion that I do, if you feel the same hopefulness that I do, if we do what we must do, then I have no doubt that all across the country, from Florida to Oregon, from Washington to Maine, the people will rise up in November." Which of the following did he use to create rhythm in this passage? a) metaphor b) repetition c) antithesis d) alliterationbdenotative meaningthe literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phraseconnotative meaningthe meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrasethesaurusa book of synonymsconcrete wordswords that refer to tangible objectsabstract wordswords that refer to ideas or conceptsclutterdiscourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an ideaimagerythe use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideassimilean explicit comparison, introduces with the word "like" or "as," between things that are essentially different yet have something in commonmetaphoran implicit comparison, not introduced with the word "like" or "as", between two things that are essentially different yet have something in commonrhythmthe pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of wordsparallelismthe similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentencesrepetitionreiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentencesalliterationrepetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining wordsantithesisthe juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structureappropriateness to the audience- depends on the audience - avoid language that may offend the audienceappropriateness to the topic- language - you would not use metaphor, antithesis, and alliteration when explaining how to change a bicycle tireappropriateness to the speaker- no matter the occasion, audience, or topic - language-consciousinclusive languagelanguage that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factorsavoid...- use of "he" - use of "man" - stereotypingpreparation outlinea detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speechvisual frameworkthe pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker's ideasbibliographyspeaking outlinea brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speechdelivery cuesdirections in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speechWhich one of these is not a guideline for preparing the preparation outline? a) label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews b) use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation c) provide a bibliography or list of works cited d) construct main points and subpoints as key words rather than sentencesdAlong with a purpose statement, a preparation outline should include _____ to keep the speech focused and effective. a) a delivery cue b) a central idea c) a bibliography d) an unanswered questionbWhich of the following are parts that should be labeled in a preparation outline? (choose all that apply) a) preface b) body c) conclusion d) speaking directions e) introductionb, c, and eIn the preparation outline, transitions and internal previews of the speech should be... (choose all that apply) a) labeled separately from the symbolization and indentation system of the speech b) listed immediately after the specific purpose statement c) placed in the outline where they will be used in the speech d) incorporated as part of the speech's symbolization and indentation systema and cWhich of the following are situations in which a title is likely to be necessary for a speech? (choose all that apply) a) an impromptu toast over dinner with friends b) a brief book report in class c) a speech that will be published in the future d) a publicized talk at a professional conventionc and dThe preparation outline usually includes ______ that lists sources that the speaker used to research the topic. a) a PowerPoint slide b) an acknowledgement c) a bibliography d) a purpose statementcCory has prepared a speech that contains a transition from the introductory overview of sustainable development trends to the history of housing development codes. Which of the following best represents how the transition should appear in the preparation outline? a) (Transition: Slow down here and talk about the relationship between past laws and future development. Emphasize the words "history" and "codes.") b) I. Introduction. II. Transition. III. History. IV. Future. c) (Transition: Before looking at the future of sustainable development, we must understand our city's building codes.) d) Introduction --> History of Housing CodescWhich of the following are included in a speaking outline but not in a preparation outline? a) a visual framework to indicate the relationship between ideas b) a bibliographic list of sources consulted c) notes on transitions or other connectives d) cues to direct and sharpen your deliverydWhich of the following best describes the preparation outline? a) a rough outline of the general purpose and major points of your speech b) a detailed outline used to help you prepare a speech c) a list of the resources you plan to use in preparing your speech d) a few brief notes to help you determine when to make eye contact during your speechbThe preparation outline should include the ______ purpose as a way to help you evaluate how successfully the speech has been put together. a) specific b) general c) abstract d) ulterioraHow is the structure of your speech revealed by the visual framework of your outline? a) The pattern of symbolization and indentation reveals the relationship between your ideas. b) The use of indentation reveals how all of your speaking points are equally important to the success of the speech. c) The most important points are at the beginning of the speech and the least important are at the end. d) Only the most important points are included in the outline with less important points made into visual aids.aWhich of the following are guidelines for preparing the preparation outline? (choose all that apply) a) identify the central idea b) state the specific purpose of your speech c) write using a block-paragraph format d) label the introduction, body, and conclusiona, b, and dJana has prepared an outline for a speech on the Hindenburg disaster, in which a large airship caught fire in New Jersey on May 6, 1937. Which of the following would be an appropriate speech title that makes use of the three guidelines for titles? a) The Hindenburg Disaster b) The Destruction of the Hindenburg Airship on May 6, 1937, in New Jersey c) The Hindenburg Airship d) Air Disasters in New JerseyaWhich of the following statements describe a speaking outline? (choose all that apply) a) it is used during the presentation of the speech b) it includes all of the sentences found in the preparation outline c) it is typically used in extemporaneous speeches d) it contains a list of sources used to research the speecha and cWhich of the following are accomplished in a preparation outline? Select all that apply. a) identifying cues for how you want to deliver the speech b) organizing main points and supporting materials in the body c) deciding what you will say in the introduction d) determining what you will say in the conclusionb, c, and dBruno is creating a preparation outline. Help him identify the relationship between his ideas below by ordering the sentences as they would appear in a hierarchy. Rank the broadest statement at the top and the sentence with the most narrow focus at the bottom. therapy animals are one possible treatment option dogs are commonly used as therapy animals therapists often provide their patients with a variety of treatment optionstherapists often provide their patients with a variety of treatment options therapy animals are one possible treatment option dogs are commonly used as therapy animalsWhich one of these is not a guideline for preparing the preparation outline? a) use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation b) label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews c) provide a bibliography or list of works cited d) construct main points and subpoints as key words rather than sentencesdWhich of the following are guidelines for a speech title, if you use one? (choose all that apply) a) encapsulate the gist of your speech b) keep the topic mysterious c) draw the attention of your audience d) keep the title briefa, c, and dWhich of the following are included in a speaking outline but not in a preparation outline? a) a bibliographic list of sources consulted b) cues to direct and sharpen your delivery c) notes on transitions or other connectives d) a visual framework to indicate the relationship between ideasbCarlos has been asked to give a speech at an upcoming conference. In order to make sure his speech is properly organized and contains all the information he wants to express to his audience, Carlos should begin by creating a... a) cue card b) preparation outline c) first draft d) delivery outlinebDarius is constructing a preparation outline for a speech he will be giving to his class on the effects of climate change. His outline includes the main points "1. Sea level rise," "2. Severe weather events," and "3. Health concerns," each with several subpoints. What is wrong with Darius' outline? a) Main points and subpoints should be written in full sentences. b) Subpoints should not be included in a preparation outline. c) Main points should be only single words as an aid memorization. d) Outlines should not include numbers for their structure.aWhich of the following are guidelines for preparing the speaking outline? (choose all that apply) a) be certain the speaking outline in legible b) include cues for how to deliver the speech c) write full sentences for points and subpoints d) follow the visual framework of the preparation outlinea, b, and dWhich of the following statements about the organization of a speaking outline is true? a) It should use the same symbols and indentation pattern as the preparation outline. b) It should have a completely different organizational structure from the preparation outline. c) It should use the same symbols as the preparation outline but avoid indentation to make reading easier. d) It should use different symbols but the same indentation pattern as the preparation outline.