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Bio 311D Final Practice Questions

Terms in this set (34)

What is the initial localized response of a resistant plant to pathogen invasion?
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Plant death. Systemin production. Systemic acquired resistance. Hypersensitive response.
Hypersensitive response
Which of the following statements about systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants is false?
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Salicylic acid is the only compound involved in SAR signaling.
A suite of genes called the pathogenesis-related loci is expressed in response to a signal from an attacked leaf.
Hormones produced by an attacked leaf carry a signal to the rest of the plant.
SAR results in the production of protective compounds distant from the site of initial infection.
Salicylic acid is the only compound involved in SAR signaling.
How does a plant defend against herbivores?
The hormone systemin is produced at the site of injury and signals the plant to produce proteinase inhibitors.
What two conditions would increase the speed of an action potential?
Large axon diameter and myelination of the axon
What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes?
Temperature and rainfall
Which of the following statements about Hadley cells is true?
As warm air rises, air at the top of the atmosphere is pushed poleward and cools
What are rain shadows?
Rain shadows are dry regions on the leeward (sheltered) side of mountain ranges
The mark-recapture method works best for active species whose individuals tend to be ________
highly mobile
What would happen if a plant was exposed to only red light?
the plant would have a stretched, elongated appearance; the leaves would be thin and large and the plant would grow tall.
Which plant hormone affects the response to mechanical stress, senescence, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening?
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Gibberellin. Absicic acid. Ethylene. Cytokinins.
Ethylene
What characteristic would you expect to see in an epithelium that was specialized for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid to another?
a single layer of flattened cells (think of a Hydra)
Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with what type of tissue?
Epithelial tissue
Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by ______
Smooth muscle. Rough muscle. Epithelial tissue.
Smooth muscle.
The animal's heart was large, well-formed, and had four chambers, with no connection between the right and left sides. A reasonable conclusion supported by these observations is that the
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animal was most closely related to alligators and crocodiles.
animal was endothermic and had a high metabolic rate.
animal was endothermic and likely moved infrequently.
animal had evolved with little need to control blood pressure.
animal was endothermic and had a high metabolic rate
Which hormone primarily regulates cell division/stem elongation in plants?
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Gibberellin. Auxin. Abscisic Acid.
Auxin
Which component of a homeostatic system perceives changes in some parameter of the environment?
Integrator. Sensor.
Sensor
The plant hormone involved in aging and ripening of fruit is:
Ethylene
During early development, three germ layers give rise to tissues and organs within the animal embryo. These three layers are:
Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
Which is not a derived character specific to mammals:
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a large brain-to-body ratio
extensive parental care
Mammary glands which produce milk
limbs with digits
limbs with digits
Why might gene duplication events, such as those seen in Hox gene complexes, facilitate adaptive radiation?
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The original gene copy is the outgroup, and the new gene copies are the adaptive radiation
One copy of a gene can perform the original function, while other copies are available to take on new functions
The original gene copy is the outgroup, and the new gene copies are the adaptive radiation
There are more copies of genes, meaning speciation had occurred by polyploidy
One copy of a gene can perform the original function, while other copies are available to take on new functions
The evolved function of nutritious tissue of a fruit is to
attract animals that disperse the seeds
Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?
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They use stomata for gas exchange regulation
They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere
Photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire gametophyte surface
They are always hydrated
They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere
Roan cattle result from co-dominance of red and white alleles at a single locus. If two roan cattle are allowed to breed, what ratio of phenotypes is expected in the offspring?
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1:1 red:white
all roan
3:1 red:white
1:2:1 red:roan:white
1:2:1 red:roan:white
All seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment. Which of the following statements correctly describes what this indicates about those traits?
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A) None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation.
B) Some traits obeyed the law of segregation, and some did not.
C) All of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome.
D) All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were located on different chromosomes.
All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were located on different chromosomes.
In cats, black fur color is determined by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus determines orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?
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A) tortoiseshell females; tortoiseshell males
B) black females; orange males
C) tortoiseshell females; black males
D) orange females; black males
tortoiseshell females; black males
The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having:
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body cavity or no body cavity
radial or bilateral symmetry
diplo or triploblastic embryos
no tissues or true tissues
true tissues or no tissues
A true coelom is:
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completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
completely lined with tissue derived from ectoderm
formed when a zygote develops into a blastula
completely lined with tissue derived from endoderm
completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?
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gastrulation
metamorphosis
cleavage
coelom formation
fertilization
cleavage
Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I?
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A) The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
B) The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
C) The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
D) The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
Describe how adscisic acid (ABA) helps prepare plant for winter.
prepare a plant for winter by slowing growth, preventing new branches from forming, and ensuring seeds do not germinate during winter.
Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
Plantae
The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to:
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Speed up germination or reduce dehydration?
Reduce dehydration
Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to successfully colonize land?

1. the relative number of potential predators (herbivores)
2. the relative number of competitors
3. the relative availability of symbiotic partners
4. air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support
1, 2, 3

(animal predation was not an issue for early land plants)
How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?
8
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