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Interwar Years - Mdrn. Wld. History

Terms in this set (67)

Who has a problem with the Treaty of Versailles?
Russia, lost land. Germany, lost land, military restrictions, reparations.
What caused inflation in Germany?
Germany couldn't afford reparations and debt, France went in and took money anyway. Germany started printing more money, caused major inflation.
Mark
German currency
Why was Germany upset
Germany lost 10% of it's population to new countries
Poland
Poland is in between Germany and Russia, felt threatened.
France
France is scared Germany is angry, Germany has a history of invading France. France wants an alliance with the U.K., the U.K. says no because the last time they did that they got dragged into WWI. France didn't want to be alliances with communist Russia.
Little Entente
France, Poland, Czechoslovakia
League of Nations
Really weak. Countries are supposed to work through conflicts together, U.S. never joined, it has no army and no way to enforce decisions. Germany and Russia aren't included but they're the ones with all the issues.
Dawes Plan
1924 review of German reparations problem. Led to some stability in Europe. America loaned $200 million
Treaty of Locarno
treaty between France and Germany that solidified Germany's western borders (Belgium and France) two sides agreed to peacefully settle disputes.
Great Depression
Dawes Plan caused false sense of prosperity. Americans invested German marks, American stock market crashes
What do unstable situations lead to??
Political repercussions!!!
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The value of the country's economy. Value of every economic service. Rising GDP means living standards normally go up.
Recession
when GDP drops. Depression is a really really bad recession
One-Party System
Dictatorship. One person rules everything
Two-Party System
The people are allowed to vote. Two main parties to vote between (take Republicans vs Democrats for example)
Multi-Party System
many people are candidates for voting. Majority more than 50%
Plurality
the number of votes against a candidate are more than the number of votes for them
Coalition Government
when multiple party candidates work together to form a party in order to get more votes. compromise. chaotic
Blackshirts
the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party (Mussolini)
Paramilitary
acts a lot like a military but doesn't belong to a government. "owned" by independent organization.
Fascism
A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
Totalarianism
complete government control over economic, political, and personal freedom in order to achieve the state's goals.
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator
March on Rome
A loaded statement because of the history behind Rome and the Roman Empire, Mussolini wanted to be prime minister so he threatened Rome
Why did the Weimar Republic fail?
There was no strong leader, the government had no real control, the instability led to economic crisis, Germans didn't like democracy and they blamed the Treaty of Versailles for problems
Adolf Hitler
Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocaust
German Workers Party
After WWI Hitler entered politics and joined this party, believed in Authoritarian Government. in 1921 he took control of NAZI party
NAZI
National Socialist German Workers Party
Beer Hall Putsch
Nazi attempt to overthrow Weimar Republic. Hitler goes to prison for 5 years for treason
Mein Kampf
Hitler's autobiography in which he outlined his ideas, beliefs and plans for the future of Germany.
Passive citizen vs active citizen
the way totalitarianism is supposed to work
passive citizen
citizens do nothing
active citizen
citizens hold each other accountable
Carrots and Sticks
Can each be used as inducements or rewards and as threats or punishment. Propaganda. "If you do this, I'll give you this."
Italian Fascism
caused because Italy didn't get as much Austrian land in treaty deal. High economic inflation. Unstable politically. Government wasn't addressing problems.
Brown Shirts
Nazi paramilitary
Reichstag
German Parliament
Enabling Act
enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament. gave Hitler total control
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union
Hermann Goering
Hitler appointed him at Minister of Inferior in 1933. in charge of police.
Night of Long Knives
series of assassinations all around Germany. all potential threats to Hitler were taken care of.
Geneva Disarmament Conference
agreement to limit military
Anglo-German Naval Pact
Allowed Germany to build a Navy that would be 35% of the size of the British Navy
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic was Germany's government from 1919 to 1933 after Wilhelm II stepped down as Kaiser. Very unstable, thrown together in a day.
Manchurian Incident
An explosion of a Japanese owned railroad near the city of Mukden. This incident further isolated Japan from the rest of the world and created tension between China and Japan.
When was Hitler appointed Chancellor?
Hitler was appointed Chancellor by Paul Von Hindenburg. Hitler was the dictator over Germany until he died in 1945, and his goal was to make Germany a powerful, one-party state
Nuremberg Laws
established legal basis in Nazi Germany for discrimination against Jews.
Invasion of Ethiopia
Mussolini's attempt to expand the Italian Empire overseas.
Militarization of the Rhineland
when German troops invaded the Rhineland against the Treaty of Versailles, this shifted the power in Europe from France to Germany
Spanish Civil War
civil war in Spain in which General Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government. referred to as prelude to WWII. It's like a practice war for the new German Army.
Franciso Franco
Spain, right-wing fascist general
Proxy War
two countries fighting each other but they never confirm that they're fighting each other.
Rome-Berlin Axis
October 1936, Germany and Italy sign agreement to work together (not an official treaty)
Anti-Comintern Pact
Germany and Japan work together against communism
Anschluss
unification of Austria and Germany even though Treaty of Versailles said they could never be together
Kurt von Schuschnigg
Austrian Chancellor who Hitler basically kidnapped and gave an ultimatum, "let Nazis into Austrian govt or else" Hitler played victim and then brought his troops into Austria anyway.
Second Sino-Japanese War
A major war fought between the Empire of China and the Republic of Japan. Japan's attempt to dominate China politically. Eventually lead to Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima.
Munich Pact
Hitler's plan was to take back the Sudetenland, the area between Germany and Czechoslovakia. France and GB gave into this demand because it was small, but they were giving Hitler more power and making it harder to stop him. Avoided a war but gave Czech to Germany.
Neville Chamberlain
British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of appeasement
Appeasement
Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
Nazi organized riot against the Jews taking place in Berlin and Vienna
Non-Aggression Pact
Hitler's secret agreement with Stalin saying they wouldn't fight and that Russia could have half of Poland once Hitler takes over. Hitler doesn't want a two-front war.
Danzig
A city that, prior to WWI, belonged to Germany. A Polish port that prevented Poland from being a land-locked country. Hitler wants it back
Poland Invasion
Hitler invades Poland because he wanted it for German territory. GB and France declare war on Germany, start of WWII.
What was Hitler's pattern when trying to take over a country?
Hitler claims Germans are being mistreated in country. Sees himself as protector of German people, uses this as a prelude to invade the country, demand territory, and take over.
Kellog-Briand Pact
international agreement to outlaw war
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