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240 NOTES

Terms in this set (84)

what are the characteristics of Intellectual disabilities?
-significant deficits in adaptive skills
-IQ below 70
-benefit from observing peers who model appropriate skills.
(difficulty with figurative language writing prompt)
( identifying common objects that are green will help the student to recognize and generalize the color)
What is dyslexia?
difficult decoding single words or difficulty recognizing connection between letters and sounds.
(May mispronounce or confuse similar words)
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
an educational right of all children to receive instruction tailored to their needs at no cost to their family
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
classroom or setting where the child can be successful, with or without accommodations, and with typical age/grade level peers
(General Ed Classroom)
The IEP committee that determines the eligibility for specialized services, based on the assessment of the data and the goals to be set for an eligible student
Admissions, review, and dismissal committee
Response Accommodation
allows students to complete assignments in different ways
allowing students to use scribe, word processor, calculator, spelling or grammar device is called?
response accommodation
Dysgraphia
learning disability that causes extreme difficulty in writing legibly
accommodation
changes HOW a student learns the same material as others
what is an example of an accommodation?
extended time on a test
Differentiated Instruction
teaching that offers multiple options for learning the material based on different student needs and learning styles
Self-Contained Special Education Classroom
class with a smaller number of students receiving special education services with similar needs that are taught by special education teachers with paraprofessional support
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
a plan created by a committee of general and special educators, parents, specialists, and administrators to provide a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) that is tailored to their needs and goals
Modifications
changes WHAT the student learns to allow the student to access material at their level (changes the assessment and expectations)
what is an example of modifications?
A student learns only capitalization and periods, rather than all grammar concepts
Resource Class
a classroom that provides only special education services to students who have been identified as disabled (resource reading class)
Manifestation Determination Review (MDR)
an ARD committee meeting that must be held before any disciplinary action which would remove a special education student from the prescribed placement in his or her IEP for more than 10 days; the meeting must determine if the behavior which led to the discipline is a direct result of the student's disability or not
Disciplinary Alternative Educational Program (DAEP)
An educational and self-discipline alternative instructional program, adopted by local policy, for students in elementary through high school grades who are removed from their regular classes for mandatory or discretionary disciplinary reasons. A DAEP may be located on-campus or off-campus
Inclusion
ensuring students with disabilities are included in classroom activities as much as possible
Sensory Processing Disorder
characterized by over- or under-stimulation of one or all of the five senses (taste, smell, touch, hearing, and sight)
what do students with fine motor skills benefit from?
Students with fine motor needs may benefit from answering directly on the test booklet rather than transferring answers to an answer sheet. This may be more appropriate, particularly if there are bubble items which may be challenging for students with fine motor needs.
Which continuum of service model has students with disabilities receive all of their classroom instruction from special education teachers?
self-contained
(special education teacher is responsible for the instruction of all academic subjects. The classroom is typically separated from general education classrooms but within a neighborhood school)
How can the IEP team address the speech/language therapist's absence?
Due to the student's secondary disability of speech/language impairment, the speech/language therapist is a required team member. The parents may agree to excuse the therapist if input is provided prior to the meeting.
The Local Education Agency (LEA) is required to conduct a Review of Existing Evaluation Data (REED) for all of the following reasons except:
Improved behavior is a positive change, but it does not require the LEA to conduct a REED.
what are the components of an IEP?
services, goals, present level of academic achievement
What is RTI (response to intervention)?
an instructional intervention method consisting of strategies that are supported, delivered, and facilitated in the general education classroom. It is not special education.
an example of a functional skill for a student with moderate intellectual disability?
counting money
( a skill a student needs to live as independently as possible)
Which of the following is a required section of all Individualized Education Programs (IEPs
least restrictive environment section
Children may qualify for services through special education before entering school. What is the name of the plan designed for a child under 3 years old?
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
What strategy would help to teach a student to ask for help independently?
Create a visual checklist that reminds the student to raise her hand to ask for help and tape the checklist to the student's desk.
why are functional behavioral assessments necessary?
to evaluate how the behavior is impacting the student's ability to function and learn. An FBA refers to a problem-solving framework to address student behavior, determine strategies to identify the reason for the behavior; review and consider the social, emotional, and cognitive factors of the behavior; and design interventions to address and redirect behavior.
A student with a disability has a deficit in the area of working memory. This student would most likely benefit from being taught strategies such as?
Repeating steps will help the student to build working memory skills by increasing the information stored at a given time.
low- tech assistive technology
low cost, less training
- pencil grip
- raised lined paper
- highlighter strips
- visual schedule
Mid-Tech assistive technology
typically tools or devices that are battery operated
-voice amplification device
- screen magnifier
- braille software
- scooter
-adapted keyboard
- wheelchair
High- tech assistive technology
higher cost, more training
- switches
- audio recorders
- computers
- speech to text
- electric wheelchair
- AAC device (augmentative / alternative communication)
what devices help students with visual impairments/blindness to process visual information?
Magnifiers or Screen reading software
what devices allows students to independently interact with/control their environment?
adapted switches or appliances
what device assist students who are hard of hearing/deaf process auditory information?
amplification devices
assistive technology
any item, piece of equipment, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities ( ex: audiobook)
Augmentative Communication Aids
allow for expressive (expressing thoughts/ ideas) and receptive (understanding what others are saying) communication in children with limited to no communication (ex: speech to text)
which device is appropriate for students with reading fluency or vision challenges?
text- to- speech software
which device/software would be beneficial for a student who has limited fine motor skills
voice recognition software
An anticipated result of the use of the FM system is?
increase a student's access to academic information by allowing them to hear the speaker with more clarity.
Which assistive technology would help a student with a specific learning disability in the area of writing?
Speech-to-text software allows the student to speak into a device that transcribes the student's speech
which disability could an FM device be useful, and how would it be useful?
hearing impairment; the device helps to amplify sound near the transmitter to the receiver
tudent is able to only accurately use half of the symbols on the communication board when interacting with staff and peers.
What is the next best step to support the student to develop a more accurate use of the communication board?
reteaching the unknown symbols and focus on context, so they make sense to the student
Specific Learning Disability
a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations
why would a teacher allow students with specific learning disabilities and intellectual disabilities to use manipulatives when solving word problems during a math activity?
Manipulatives allow students to focus on solving math problems and focus on application of skills rather than memorization of facts.
what does a speech to text device allow students to do?
allows a student to verbalize their responses, and the device types the responses.
( ex: a student who has limited mobility in his hands and fingers)
an effective way for students to record information such as a computer
word processor
This type of device has a word association with each picture and does not require literacy skills.
single-meaning pictures
Voice recognition software, such as a speech-to-text program, is of greatest benefit for students with what learning disability?
dysgraphia
What is the next best step to support the student to develop a more accurate use of the communication board?
A. reducing the number of symbols on the board
(correct) B. reteaching the unknown symbols and focus on context
what are the characteristics of a student with a learning disablity?
- immediate feedback
-
-
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executive functioning skills
Focusing attention, inhibiting impulsive responses, planning, manipulating information
what is a Social and/or communication issues that can also impact behavior; can also include intellectual disabilities or learning differences?
autism spectrum disorder
Which of the following supplementary aides will best assist a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has demonstrated deficits in executive functioning skills and is working to improve those skills?
The use of checklists will help the student to identify a sequential process to complete assignments and remain focused on each individual portion.
what are examples of activities of daily living?
-toileting, bathing, transfers, dressing, feeding
______ is used to increase behaviors that are helpful and decrease behaviors that are harmful.
Applied behavioral therapy (ABA)
scenarios accurately describes the use of skill reinforcement through hierarchy of prompts?
transitioning from using hand over hand to sticky tape, the teacher is using a hierarchy of prompts from most to least prompts.
Students with significant emotional disabilities may benefit from a therapeutic or emotional support program that incorporates social skills and coping strategies into classroom instruction
...
Students with learning disabilities are supported with academic services but may not require therapeutic or behavioral supports.
...
Ashley is a first-grade student with cerebral palsy and fine-motor deficits.. Which of the following accommodations would best support Ashley when practicing writing her name?
A pencil grip and slant board will allow Ashley to more easily hold the pencil and write her name.
Noncompliance / Defiance
not doing what is expected or asked on a routine basis
Self-stimulation
Repetitive movements or sounds that are meant for soothing the individual, but are not socially appropriate
what is an FBA (functional behavioral analysis)?
This determines WHY a behavior occurs
what is an BIP ( Behavioral intervention plan)?
this is a plan to improve a behavior
___________ is a measure of the length of time it takes for a behavior to occur after a verbal cue or inciting incident?
latency
__________ is a measure of volume of a behavior when it occurs?
intensity
______ is the length of time for which an observed behavior persists?
duration
the education agency responsible for the school is called?
Local Education Agency (LEA)
the correct steps in an FBA are:
define the behavior; gather and analyze information; find out the reason for the behavior; make a plan.
A student with ADHD will benefit from clear rules, limits, and expectations.
...
organizing, initiating tasks, and transitioning is a part of executive functioning
...
what is one aspect that is not a part of executive functioning?
visual perception
Which of the following elements of a lesson plan is most beneficial for Ms. Jackson to use for her ADHD students on an instructional objective related to avoidance behaviors?
the anticipatory set occurs at the beginning to engage the students in the topic which is when avoidance behaviors occur.
the study of stimulus-response actions is called?
behaviorism
Roleplaying will help the students to reinforce a concep
...
A fifth-grade student with high function autism is having difficulty with social interaction in class. Which strategy would best address this concern in the general education classroom?
peer tutor in class
recognize phonemes, syllables, and words
phonologocial awareness
only the ability to hear and use phonemes/sounds
phonemic awareness
what are the characteristics of phonemic (sound) awarenesss?
isolating, blending, segmenting, manipulating
Instructional Reading Level
A reading level that is challenging for the student but manageable with teacher support.
The student is consistently able to break down a word into separate sounds. Which of the following skills should the teacher plan to cover next with this student?
phoneme manipulation
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