Biology Final Material

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Scientists hope that ________ will prove successful in changing a gene that causes a disease or disorder.
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Scientists hope that ________ will prove successful in changing a gene that causes a disease or disorder.
gene therapy
Another DNA technology, called ____________is used to identify individuals according to their DNA sequences
DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting is especially useful in ________ which is the study of evidence at crime scenes
forensics
Scientists use ___________ technology to study hundreds or thousands of genes at the same time
DNA microarray
Scientists have developed a variety of genetically modified (GM) crop plants. They may develop many new varieties in the future. Evidence MOST STRONGLY supports which of these predictions about genetic technology and the world's food supply?
A. Genetic technology will have no measurable effect on the food supply.
B. Genetic technology will increase the cost of many foods and harm their quality.
C. Genetic technology will improve the quality of many foods, but also increase their cost.
D. Genetic technology has the potential to reduce the cost of many foods and improve their quality.
D. Genetic technology has the potential to reduce the cost of many foods and improve their quality.
Provitamin A, also known as beta-carotene, is necessary for human health. People who do not make this substance suffer serious medical problems. Which application of genetic technology has been the MOST promising for treating people who suffer from a deficiency of provitamin A?
A. Developing transgenic bacteria that can break apart provitamin A.
B. Developing gene therapy to eliminate the body's need for provitamin A.
C. Developing GM foods that produce and store provitamin A.
D. Altering the processes of transcription and translation used for provitamin A synthesis.
C. Developing GM foods that produce and store provitamin A.
A molecular biologist is evaluating evidence from an investigation of a crime. The evidence includes a DNA sample obtained at the crime scene, as well as a DNA sample of a suspect. To determine whether the two DNA samples match, which sections of each sample should the molecular biologist compare?
A. sections that contain genes with known functions
B. sections with repeated sequences between genes
C. sections that contain genes with unknown functions
D. sections from either the X chromosome or Y chromosome
B. sections with repeated sequences between genes
To cure a genetic disorder, scientists have proposed inserting a copy of the healthy gene into a virus. Then they would use the virus to infect the patient. Ideally, the healthy gene would transform the patient's genome. Scientists have conducted many trials of this procedure.Which is the MOST HARMFUL of the potential drawbacks of this procedure?
A. The patient's genome does not take in the copy of the healthy gene.
B. The virus does not infect the patient.
C. The patient's immune system successfully attacks the virus.
D. The viral genes are more harmful than expected.
D. The viral genes are more harmful than expected.
In the process of _____________, plants or animals with desired traits are mated. By repeating the process over many generations, useful plant strains or animal breeds are developed.
selective breeding
Selective breeding is an example of _______
biotechnology
Breeders use the strategy of _________ to produce offspring with a combination of traits from both parents.hybridizationBreeders also use the strategy of ____________ by mating organisms with similar traits, which ensures that traits are preserved.inbreedingA team of scientists is studying several plant species that they think could become new farm crops. The scientists want to apply selective breeding to develop one of the species into useful crop plants.Which property of a plant species would be MOST USEFUL for meeting the scientists' goal? A. very low genetic variation B. very high genetic variation C. producing only a few fruits and seeds each growing season D. growing slowly from seedlings to maturityB. very high genetic variationA scientist treats a population of bacteria with a combination of mutagens, including high-energy radiation and certain chemicals. Which is the MOST LIKELY benefit of this treatment? A. The genetic variation of the population decreases, allowing the bacteria to be easier to kill. B. The genetic variation of the population increases, and some of the mutants may have useful properties. C. Many bacterial genes are deactivated, making the bacteria less harmful. D. The bacterial genome increases in length, and some of the new genes may have useful products.B. The genetic variation of the population increases, and some of the mutants may have useful properties.Scientists use a technique called ___________ to make multiple copies of DNA sequences.the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)Scientists can also make _________ by combining DNA from two different sourcesrecombinant DNAOne of the sources of recombinant DNA may be bacteria, which have circular DNA molecules called _________plasmidsWhen bacteria undergo transformation, they can be identified by ______________genetic markersInserting recombinant DNA into a host genome produces a ___________ organismtransgenic organismScientists may make many genetically identical copies of an organism, called ___________clonesA scientist has a very small sample of DNA. To analyze the DNA, which would be the MOST USEFUL first step for the scientist to follow? A. Use restriction enzymes to make multiple copies of the DNA. B. Use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make multiple copies of the DNA. C. Transfer the DNA into bacteria, and allow the bacteria to be replicated many times. D. Use restriction enzymes to cut the DNA into many small pieces.B. Use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make multiple copies of the DNA.What can scientists accomplish by applying recombinant-DNA technology? A. changes to the roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis B. changes to the genetic code as it is used by a living organism C. changes to the genetic composition of a living organism D. changes to the percentage of DNA that is replicated by a living organismC. changes to the genetic composition of a living organismInsect pests often feed on crop plants in farmers' fields. To address this problem, scientists have developed transgenic crop plants that produce their own pest-killing chemicals. In nature, these chemicals are produced by certain bacteria.Which of the following actions was MOST LIKELY involved in the development of the transgenic crop plants? A. Sections of the genome of the host plant were spliced and removed. B. DNA from the host plant was inserted into the genome of bacteria. C. Recombinant DNA was inserted into the genome of the host plant. D. The host plant was artificially crossed with an insect pest.C. Recombinant DNA was inserted into the genome of the host plant.What property of the two DNA molecules allows this process to be useful for developing a transgenic organism? A. The two DNA molecules are from different sources. B. The two DNA molecules are from the same source, but not identical. C. The two DNA molecules are identical. D. The two DNA molecules are not identical, but are exactly the same size.A. The two DNA molecules are from different sources.The table shows the number of chromosomes per cell for several crop plants. Each of the crop plants was bred from a wild ancestor over many generations. The table also shows the likely haploid number for the wild ancestors. Which conclusion is MOST STRONGLY supported by the data in the table? (See "Changing the Living World" Quiz for table) A. Plants develop polyploidy only through selective breeding, and not natural processes. B. Plants may naturally increase their ploidy levels with each generation. C. Plants can survive 3, 4, or 5 times the haploid number of chromosomes, but not greater ploidy levels. D. Introducing polyploidy to plants can increase certain desirable or beneficial traits.D. Introducing polyploidy to plants can increase certain desirable or beneficial traits.