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MSN 2 Exam 1 Drugs

Terms in this set (24)

Cilostazol (Pletal)
Phosphodiesterase 2 inhibitor! Used to treat puts with LE PAD and intermittent claudication in absence of CHF. It is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet aggregation. Contraindicated in CHF. Helps with walking tolerance; 200 mg PO BID
Pentoxifylline
Phosphodiesterase 2 inhibitor! Second line alternative to Pletal to improve walking for patients with LE PAD; it increases erythrocyte flexibility, has anti-platelet effects, and lowers blood fibrinogen; 400 mg PO TID
Aspirin and Plavix
Prevents platelets from aggregating thus preventing MI, stroke. Adverse reactions include stomach upset (n/v, pain) and GI bleed.
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Treatment for current and prophylaxis VTE; Given SQ; monitor INR (normal - 2.0-3.o x1.5 the normal range) and pTT (25-35 although faster for pts on drug); the antidote is IV Protamine sulfate
Warfarin (Coumadin)
A vitamin K antagonist for the extended anticoagulant treatment. Given PO; has many interactions with foods that reduce or enhance its effects; the antidote is Vitamin K injection.
Protamine Sulfate
Antidote for Lovenox; watch out for bradycardia and hypotension.
Thiazide Diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5m mg/ day (Chlorothiazide, metolazone); Decreases blood volume (thus reducing blood pressure). First line agent that works on the distal tubule. - also treats HF, CAD, DM, Stroke, ISH.
Loop Diuretics
(Furosemide, bemetanide, toreside); Volume depletion thus reducing BP; it is rapid, and potent. At risk for electrolyte depletion, Na, K+ etc; targets the loop of henele. For people with resistant HTN. Given twice daily; give early to avoid nocturia
Potassium-sparing diuretics
(Amiloride, triamterene); Causes potassium retention and still removes volume to reduce blood pressure. At risk for hyperkalemia though;
Beta Blockers
(atenolo, propranolol, metoprolol, nadolol) Blocks catecholamines on beta adrenergic receptors. It is a negative inotrope (reduces heart rate and decreases ventricle contractions). Usually if the heart rate is under 60, the dose will be held. Teach pts how to check their HR. Lowers BP by slowing heart. Make sure you monitor HR, blood glucose
ACE inhibitor
Angiotension 2 converting enzyme inhibitor. "-pril"; lisinopril, benazapril, etc. They decrease peripheral resistance by dilating the vessels; a common side effect is a cough; treats HTN, HF, MI, CAD, DM, CKD, Stroke
ARB's
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists; "-sartan" - Inhibits aldosterone's effect and thus reducing Na and Water retention (thus reducing BP).
Nitrates
Isosorbide dinitrate 10mg TID, IMDUR 30mg daily. Works by directly causing ventilation with nitric oxide. Good for renal patients and resistant HTN. Must provide 8hr free of nitrate interval also treats angina
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diltizem, verapamil. Decreases calcium influx into cells of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium. Contraindicated for patients in heart failure
Vasodilators
Hydralazine, minoxidil - direct vasodilation of arterioles via increased intracellular cAMP. May cause reflex tachycardia
Alpha 1 blockers
Terazosin, doxazosin; inhibits peripheral post synaptic alpha 1 receptors causing vasodilation. Give at bedtime because it causes significant orthostatic hypotension. Also treats BPH
Epinephrine
A vasopressor used to optimize BP and CO; improves perfusion and myocardial contractility. Given for the treatment of cardiac arrest; 1 mg every 3-5 minutes by IV push or IO route (intraosseous); flush with 20mL and elevate extremity
Vasopressin
Increases systemic vascular resistance and BP; an alternative to Epi. Give 40 units IV once only
Norepinephrine
A vasopressor given to increase BP for hypotension and shock. Give 0.1-0.5mcg/kg/min as IV infusion
Dopamine
A vasopressor that increases BP and contractility. Given for hypotension and shock; give 5-10mcg/kg/min IV
Atropine
This drug blocks PNS action and there by increases SA node automaticity and AV condition; for symptomatic bradycardia (ex symptomatic hypotension); give rapidly 0.5mg IV push and up to 3mg
Amiodarone
A sodium,potassium, and calcium channel prolonging drug; used to treat pulselessness VT and VF unresponsive to shock; give 300mg IV; then repeat 150 mg 3 minutes later
Sodium Bicarbonate
Corrects metabolic acidosis ; q mEq/kg IV ; complete correction is not indicated
Magnesium sulfate
Promotes adequate functioning of cell sodium potassium pump; given to patients with tornado de points (VT type); may give 1-2g diluted in 10ml of D5W over 5-20mins
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