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Chemistry: Chapter 12 Vocab
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Terms in this set (23)
bond
a force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit
bond energy
the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
ionic bonding
Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions
ionic compound
A compound that consists of positive and negative ions, such as sodium chloride
covalent bonding
results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
polar covalent bonding
unequal sharing of electrons
Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
dipole moment
a property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge
Lewis structure
a representation of a molecule that shows how the valence electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule
duet rule
the observation that atoms such as hydrogen form stable molecules when they share two electrons
octet rule
States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
bonding pair
a pair of electrons shared between two atoms
lone pairs
pairs of valence electrons not involved in bonding
single bond
a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
double bond
A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
triple bond
A chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons
Resonance
Condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure exists for the same molecule
molecular structure
arrangement of atoms in a molecule or ion
linear structure
all atoms in a line
trigonal planar structure
a planar (flat) and triangular molecule with bond angles of 120 degrees
tetrahedral structure
4 electron pairs (4 bonds) on central atom
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
useful for predicting the molecular structures of molecules formed from nonmetals
trigonal pyramidal
3 bonds, 1 lone pair
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physics
A source of yellow light has a higher wattage than a source of blue light. Is the number of photons emitted per second by the yellow source greater than, less than, or equal to the number of photons emitted per second by the blue source? Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. The yellow source emits more photons per second because (i) it emits more energy per second than the blue source, and (ii) its photons have less energy than those of the blue source. II. The yellow source has the higher wattage, which means its photons have higher energy than the blue-source photons. Therefore, the yellow source emits fewer photons per second. III. The two sources emit the same number of photons per second because the higher wattage of the yellow source compensates for the higher energy of the blue photons.
computer science
A second-degree polynomial in x is given by the expression $a x^2+b x+c$, where a, b, and c are known numbers and a is not equal to 0. Write a C++ function named polyTwo(a,b,c,x) that computes and returns the value of a second-degree polynomial for any passed values of a, b, c, and x.
engineering
Use the inverse power method to find the eigenvalue of least magnitude for the given matrix. $$ \left(\begin{array}{ll}{1} & {1} \\ {3} & {4}\end{array}\right) $$
astronomy
There are two basic ways to generate energy from atomic nuclei: through nuclear fission (splitting nuclei) and through nuclear fusion (combining nuclei). All current nuclear reactors are based on fission, but fusion would have many advantages if we could develop the technology. Research some of the advantages of fusion and some of the obstacles to developing fusion power. Do you think fusion power will be a reality in your lifetime? Explain.
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