2022 Final Test

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Geography
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Terms in this set (70)
Geography
the study of Earth and its people, places, and environments.
Image: Geography
spatial
Earth's features in terms of their places, shapes, and relationships to one another
Image: spatial
Landscape
the portions of Earth's surface that can be viewed at one time from a location
Image: Landscape
relative location
where a place is located in relation to another place
Image: relative location
absolute location
the exact location of something
Image: absolute location
Latitude
the lines on a map that run east to west
Image: Latitude
Equator
a line of latitude that runs around the middle of Earth
Image: Equator
Longitude
the lines on a map that run north to south
Image: Longitude
Prime Meridian
the starting point for measuring longitude
Image: Prime Meridian
region
a group of places that are close to one another and that share some characteristics
Image: region
environmentthe natural surroundings of a placelandformthe shape and nature of the landclimateThe average weather conditions in an area over a long period of timeresourcea material that can be used to produce crops or other productshemispherehalf of the earthkey (legend)the section of a map that explains the symbols for the map featuresscale barthe feature on a map that tells how a measured space on the map relates to the actual distance on Earthcompass roseA tool on a map showing cardinal (N,E,S,W) and intermediate (NE,SE,NW,SW) directions.map projectiona way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surfacescalethe relationship between distances on the map and on EarthelevationThe height of land above sea levelreliefthe difference between the elevation of one feature and the elevation of another feature near itthematic mapa map that emphasizes a single idea or a particular kind of information about an areageneral purpose mapmaps that show a wide range of general information about an area (usually road maps)orbitThe path of an object as it revolves around another object in spaceAxis & Earth's tiltimaginary line that runs through Earth's north and south pole. The Earth sits at 23.5 degreesRevolutionThe movement of an object around another object, like the Earth around the Sun.atmospherethe envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.Solsticeone of two days (about June 21 and December 22) on which the sun's rays strike directly on the Tropic of Cancer or Tropic of Capricorn, marking the beginning of summer or winterEquinoxthe time or date (twice each year) at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length (about September 22 and March 20).climateThe average weather conditions in an area over a long period of timePrecipitationthe falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)rain shadow effectLow precipitation on the far side (leeward side) of a mountain when prevailing winds flow up and over a high mountain or range of high mountains. This creates semiarid and arid conditions on the leeward side of a high mountain range.doubling timeThe number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.population distributionthe geographic pattern of where people live on Earthpopulation densitythe average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometerurbanareas that are densely populatedruralareas that are lightly populatedemigrateto leave one's home to live in another placeimmigrateto enter and live in a new countryRefugeespeople who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhereUrbanizationwhen a city grows larger and spreads into nearby areasMegalopolisa huge city or cluster of cities with an extremely large populationrenewable resourcea resource that can be totally replaced or is always available naturallynonrenewable resourcea resource that cannot be totally replacedTraditional EconomyAn economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.market economyan economy in which most of the means of production are privately ownedcommand economyan economy in which the means of production are publicly ownedmixed economyan economy in which parts of the economy are privately owned and parts are owned by the governmentGross Domestic Product (GDP)total dollar value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a single yearexportwhen a country sends product to another countryimportto bring a product into a country to be soldfree tradeinternational trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.Constitutional Republica form of government in which people are ruled by leaders they elect (USA)Mt. Everesthighest mountain in the worldAmazon JungleWorld's largest tropical rainforestNile RiverThe world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean SeaRiver ValleysCenters of early civilization because they contained rich soils from annual floods.GreenlandBiggest island of the worldArchipelagoA group of islandsVatican CitySmallest country in the worldRussiaLargest country in the world (landmass)Canadasecond largest country in the world (landmass)IndiaBy the end of 2022, this country will be the most populated.ChinaMost populated country in the world (until the end of the year)One Child PolicyA program established by the Chinese government to slow population growth in China.Ural Mountainsa mountain range that separates Europe from AsiaNumber of continents on earth7 (even though Europe is a part of Asia)Lesser and Greater AntillesThe islands of the CaribbeanChuck NorrisWas born in a log cabin that he built with his own two hands.

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