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BIOL 1010 Test 3 Unit 3

Terms in this set (31)

endocrine system
association of organs and glands in the body that make and release hormones
the endocrine system controls:
•metabolism
•growth and development
•sexual function and reproduction
•heart rate
•blood pressure
•appetite
•sleeping and waking cycles
•body temperature
endocrine gland
organ or tissue that produces a hormone and releases it into the blood stream
hormone
chemical (organic molecule) that is produces, transported, and stimulates activity in the body
receptor
protein that binds a specific hormone to mediate some biological action
exocrine gland
releases substance into external environment
endocrine system chemical signal
hormone
endocrine system basic cell type
endocrine cell
endocrine system release site
capillary
endocrine system target cell
gland, organ, tissue
endocrine system distance traveled
μm, mm, cm, m
endocrine system speed of signaling
slow
endocrine system timing of biological effect
sec, min, hr, d
endocrine system specificity
specific or general
neuronal signaling
neurotransmitters exchanges between neurons via synapse
neuroendocrine signaling
hormones (or 'neurohormones') exchanged between neuron and target cell via blood stream
endocrine signaling
hormones exchanged between non-neuronal endocrine cell and target cell via blood stream
Hypothalamus (nervous)
controls autonomic nervous system (thirst, hunger, temp, stress, etc).
hypothalamus (endocrine)
regulates anterior pituitary
pituitary
'master endocrine gland', regulates the function of many other endocrine glands
thyroid gland
produces thyroid hormones that control metabolism
adrenal gland
produces corticosteroids that control many vital functions (e.g. metabolism, immune system, blood pressure/osmoregulation)
pancreas (endocrine)
produces insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels
ovary/testis
produce 'sex hormones' (estrogen and testosterone) that control many vital sexual functions (e.g. puberty, reproduction, secondary sex characteristics)
amine hormones
made by modifications to a single amino acid (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin)
peptide hormones
made up of sequence of amino acids and coded by genes (e.g. insulin, glucagon, growth hormone)
steroid hormones
made by enzymatic modifications to cholesterol (e.g. cortisol, testosterone)
what do endocrine communication circuits do?
1. Detect change in physiological parameter
2. releasing chemical signals into vascular system in response to change
3. activating target cells to restore homeostasis
4. negative feedback to maintain homeostasis
simple circuit example
endocrine regulation of blood sugar
standard circuit example
endocrine regulation of blood pressure
complex circuit example
-endocrine regulation of cortisol stress response
-endocrine regulation in thyroid control of metabolism
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