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Chapter 45

Terms in this set (24)

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed
a. partial.
b. complex.
c. focal.
d. generalized
generalized
The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that
a. neurons are unable to transport glucose.
b. cardiovascular regulation is impaired.
c. the brainstem is depressed.
d. the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia
the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia
The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including
a. deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
b. degeneration of basal ganglia.
c. hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons.
d. significant aluminum deposits in the brain.
deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
a. a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary.
b. biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive.
c. other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
d. increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture.
other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
Parkinson disease is associated with
a. demyelination of CNS neurons.
b. a pyramidal nerve tract lesion.
c. insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia.
d. a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra
a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra
Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson
disease, because they
a. increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia.
b. induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia.
c. prevent progression of the disease.
d. produce excitation of basal ganglia structures.
increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia.
The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include
a. intention tremor and akinesia.
b. rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.
c. ataxia and intention tremor.
d. skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor.
rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.
What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on
neurotransmission?
a. Slower rate of action potential conduction
b. Increased rate of action potential conduction
c. Facilitation of action potential initiation
d. Faster rate of repolarization
Slower rate of action potential conduction
Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with
multiple sclerosis, because
a. viral damage can be inhibited.
b. demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.
c. steroids reverse the progression of the disease.
d. steroids inhibit synaptic degradation of neurotransmitters.
Demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.
Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of
a. multiple sclerosis.
b. Guillain-Barré syndrome.
c. myasthenia gravis.
d. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of
a. multiple sclerosis.
b. Guillain-Barré syndrome.
c. myasthenia gravis.
d. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Guillain-Barré syndrome.
The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by
a. reflex urination and defecation.
b. autonomic dysreflexia.
c. absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury.
d. motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury
Absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury.
Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by
a. hypertension and bradycardia.
b. hypotension and shock.
c. pallor and vasoconstriction above the level of injury.
d. extreme pain below the level of injury
Hypertension and bradycardia.
It is true that Bell palsy is a
a. permanent facial paralysis after stroke.
b. painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve.
c. paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve.
d. herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome.
paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve.
A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of
the hands may be demonstrating signs of
a. Guillain-Barré syndrome.
b. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
c. Parkinson disease.
d. hydrocephalus
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?
a. Epileptic
b. Idiopathic
c. Partial
d. Absence
Absence
The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on
a. maintaining an airway.
b. administering anticonvulsant medication.
c. documenting the seizure pattern.
d. obtaining an EEG
Maintaining an airway.
_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes
through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.
a. Spina bifida occulta
b. Meningocele
c. Myelomeningocele
d. Meningomyelocele
Meningocele
It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of
a. neural tube defects.
b. seizure disorders.
c. cerebral palsy.
d. hydrocephalus
neural tube defects.
Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Parkinson disease
c. Alzheimer disease
d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?
a. The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.
b. MS is more common in men than women.
c. There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans.
d. There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans.
The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.
Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of
a. Alzheimer disease.
b. multiple sclerosis.
c. Parkinson disease.
d. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Parkinson disease.
Which conditions are risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Birth trauma
b. Seizure disorder
c. Kernicterus
d. Prenatal maternal infection
e. Scoliosis
Birth trauma, Kernicterus, Prenatal maternal infection
Which are common causes of acquired parkinsonism? (Select all that apply.)
a. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons
b. History of infection
c. History of intoxication
d. History of trauma
e. Seizure disorder
History of infection; History of intoxication; History of trauma
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