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anatomy chapter 12

Terms in this set (26)

infectious diseases- diseases caused by invading pathogens
noninfectious diseases- those caused by other factors such as aging, hormones, genetics or nutrition.
describe the two main types of disease
acute- being severe but lasting only a short time
chronic- being long lasting or recurring
what distinguishes an acute disease from a chronic disease.
Because most of the childhood diseases have been Concord, as more people live to be old there are more causes of diseases associated with aging
Why has the emphasis on the prevention and cure of diseases largely changed from childhood diseases to adult diseases
1. Degenerative diseases - tissues and organs lose their functions
2. Hormonal diseases- occur because of malfunctions of endocrine system
3. immunological diseases- malfunctions of immune system
4. Nutritional diseases-improper diet
5. Cancer- overgrown of body own cells
List describe and give examples of five categories of non-infectious diseases
Auto immune- other immunological diseases result when the immune system attacks the body it is supposed to protect
Diabetes, Graves' disease, lupus
What is an auto immune disease, list three examples
Under developed nations- deficiency diseases due to lack of food supplies
developed nations- overeating
What is the most common cause of nutritional diseases in underdeveloped nations, in developed nations?
Factors include tobacco, obesity, infectious agents, diet, drug abuse
One of the greatest ways to reduce your risk of cancer is to avoid smoking and eat a healthy diet with plenty of vegetables
What four factors are thought to count for most cancer deaths and what are some ways to reduce your risk of cancer
Communicable are those in which the invading microbes can be transferred from person to person
Non-communicable are caused by micro organisms that are not transferred from person to person
Explain the difference between communicable and noncommunicable infectious diseases
Cocci- spherical bacteria that usually grow in clusters or chains
bacilli- a rod shaped bacteria
spirilla- are spiral shaped bacteria
What are the basic bacterial shapes
1. Stealing the cells nutrients
2. Producing toxins
3. Turning the body tissue into a battleground
List the three major ways that bacteria can cause harm during an infection
New viruses are manufactured and assembled by infected cells, it will take control of the cells and make it reproduce more infected cells
How are new viruses produced and how might this process cause harm to the infected cell
Protozoa, malaria giardia, toxoplasmosis
Fungi, athletes foot, ringworm
Parasitic worms - hookworm
List three diseases caused by protozoa. Three diseases caused by fungi and two diseases caused by parasitic worms
White blood cells
What is considered the key component of the immune system
They act like molecular homing missiles, they in activate the pathogens until they can be destroyed and by marking them for a distraction by other defense mechanisms such as white blood cells
How do antibodies help fight infections
Staging area for white blood cells
What is the primary function of lymph nodes
Tonsils and adenoids guard against bacteria
Peyers patches protect the digestive area from pathogens
Spleen cleans the blood of the dead cells
thymus it is where the immature T cells are trained after being produced in bone marrow
Describe the purposes of the tonsils, adenoids, peyers patches, spleen and thymus
Skin, hindering the growth of any harmful bacteria
Mucous membranes, produce sticky coding for nose and mouth
Stomach acid, kills pathogens from food by hydrochloric acid
How do your skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, and tears help prevent harmful bacteria from entering the body'
Break down sugar to form friendly bacteria
How do the friendly bacteria of your digestive tract help protect you from pathogens
A fever speeds up the bodies cellular activities helping the body fight disease, fevers also help fight infections by hindering the growth of some pathogens that reproduce more slowly at higher temperatures
Name two ways that a fever helps your immune system fight pathogens
You have to get the disease, then your body will remember it forever and will be ready to defend within hours
How do you become immune to a disease
Acquired immunity, the result of circulating antibodies or memory cells
Innate immunity, results from factors other than the presence of antibodies and memory cells
Describe the two main types of immunity and their causes
AIDS, communicable infectious disease, Bertāns disease, HIV
What are the three immune deficiency diseases mentioned in the text, which one is a communicable infectious disease
human immunodeficiency virus
What is HIV, what disease does this cure
Avoiding chug abuse, waiting until marriage to have sex
List some ways to greatly reduce a persons risk of being infected with HIV
Antibodies, they stop the growth of micro organs
Vaccines, expose the body to the disease to make memory cells to fight the disease next time it comes
How do vaccines and antibodies help your body fight diseases
Diet, some diseases are caused by lack of essential nutrients
Rest, eight hours of sleep will build resistance to diseases
Exercise, movement aid circulation transportation of fluids to the body
Explain the importance of proper diet, rest and exercise in preventing disease
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