Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

NURS 231A Midterm - Water and Minerals

Terms in this set (49)

Key Concepts and Facts
Water & 15 minerals are essential nutrients
Functions of water include hydration, temperature control, transport, & removal of waste products
Minerals key components of body structures & in regulation of body processes
Inadequate intakes associated with chronic disorders or deficiency diseases
Risk of overdose or excess intake exist
Water Facts
Essential nutrient
Largest component of diet and body
Deficiency & toxicity possible
Transports nutrients & waste products
Medium for chemical reactions
Body's cooling system
Body's main source of fluoride
Water
Adults 60-70% water by weight
Water found in blood, between cells, & inside cells
Proportion of water in tissues varies
blood 83%
muscle 75%
bone 22%
fat cells only 10%
Need for Water
Require enough water to replace daily water losses in:
− Urine
− Perspiration
−Stool
− Exhaled air
Thirst sensation decreases with age
Increased Water Needs
Illness
High-protein diets
High fiber diets
Alcohol consumption
Athletes
Strenuous activity and hot humid weather increase needs up to 50%
Check weight before and after activity to determine water loss
Meeting Daily Water Needs
By drinking water, other beverages, & consuming foods:
31% of intake from plain water
44% from other beverages
25% from foods
Water content in foods contributing to daily water intake:
beverages 85% water
fruits & vegetables 75 to 90% water
meats 50 to 70% water
Water Consumption
Physically inactive people need 2 cups of water for every 500 calories consumed
Considering ¼ water intake contributed by foods eaten, fluid needs from liquids:
men ~12 cups daily
women ~9 cups daily
Health Benefits
10 cups each day associated with decreased risk of
bladder, breast, & colon cancer, kidney stone formation
Water Deficiency
Deficiency of water leads to dehydrationSigns & symptoms of dehydration include:
nausea & dizziness
fast heart rate
increased body temperature
fatigue
Dehydration can cause kidney failure & death
Water Toxicity
Water intoxication rare, but documented in:
marathon runners
infants
in conjunction with certain medications
Water Scarcity and Safety
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) responsible for safe public water supply in U.S.
Water quality monitored by local water utilities
Tap & Bottled Water
Quenches thirst better than soft drinks
Bottled water no "purer" or better than tap water
Is bottled water safe?
FDA regulates bottled water industry
Bottled water is no safer or purer than tap water - and plastic bottles may contain BPA
Hard Water vs. Soft Water
Hard water contains high amounts of minerals, carbonates, & sulfates
Soft water naturally low in minerals, or rendered soft by filtration
Vitamin & Enhanced Water
Some enhanced waters may also contain calories
Sets with similar terms