Chapter 15 and 16 Psychology Test

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client
B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant
C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background
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Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client
B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant
C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background
C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
A. chronic
B. fleeting
C. imaginary
D. simple
A. chronic
Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.
A. client-centered
B. cognitive-behavioral
C. ECT
D. personality-focused
A. client-centered
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
A. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a
stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior
B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable
behavior
C. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors
D. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable
behaviors
B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable
behavior
Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning
to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
A. behavior
B. biomedical
C. cognitive
D. exposure
A. behavior
ECT stands for ________.
A. easy classical treatment
B. economy, cognition, tokens
C. electroconvulsive therapy
D. extra conditioning therapy
C. electroconvulsive therapy
Who developed client-centered therapy?
A. Abraham Maslow
B. Carl Rogers
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Philippe Pinel
B. Carl Rogers
Who developed psychoanalysis?
A. Carl Jung
B. Carl Rogers
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Sigmund Freud
D. Sigmund Freud
In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.
A. client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss
B. client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions
C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment
D. therapist hypnotizes the client
C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment
Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
A. behavior therapy
B. cognitive therapy
C. humanistic therapy
D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversive conditioning B. behavior therapy C. client-centered therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapyB. behavior therapyRafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive therapy B. non-directive therapy C. play therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapyA. cognitive therapyIn order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversion therapy B. classical conditioning C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. free associationC. cognitive-behavioral therapyDr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. cognitive therapy C. free association D. humanistic therapyD. humanistic therapyKaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? A. aversion therapy B. aversive conditioning C. experience conditioning D. exposure therapyB. aversive conditioningOn the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using? A. aversion therapy B. free association C. play therapy D. systematic desensitizationD. systematic desensitizationPatients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. A. classical conditioning B. humanism C. RET D. token economyD. token economyFor Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A. dream analysis B. stimulus hierarchy C. virtual hierarchy D. virtual reality exposureB. stimulus hierarchyDr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client- centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. client focus C. transference D. unconditional positive regardD. unconditional positive regardThe use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antipsychotics C. atypical antipsychotics D. stimulantsD. stimulantsPaxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antidepressants C. antipsychotics D. mood stabilizersB. antidepressantsWhich of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Adderall B. Clozaril C. Lithium D. XanaxA. AdderallElectroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. A. a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches B. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety C. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapyD. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapyDr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A. biomedical B. cognitive C. humanistic D. RETA. biomedicalWhich of the following is a benefit of group therapy? A. Clients in group therapy don't need additional biomedical therapy. B. In every case it is more effective than individual therapy. C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem. D. There is less transference during group therapy.C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________. A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C. strategic family therapy D. structural family therapyA. cognitive-behavioral therapyDr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. A. cognitive therapy B. free association C. rational emotive therapy D. transferenceB. free association________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. A. nursing homes B. rural areas C. schools D. urban areasB. rural areasStatistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. A. 15% B. 26% C. 35% D. 60%B. 26%Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. A. 1850 B. 1933 C. 1954 D. 1960C. 1954According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue. A. 5% B. 13.4% C. 20.9% D. 50.3%B. 13.4%According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012. A. 13% B. 15% C. 19% D. 25%C. 19%What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? A. Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial. B. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder. C. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment. D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? A. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. B. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. D. You can't enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same timeWhich principle underlies cognitive therapy? A. Behavior can be conditioned. B. How you think determines how you feel. C. Thoughts cannot be changed. D. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.B. How you think determines how you feel.Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________. A. suggested the person could not be helped B. suggested the person seeking help needed medicine C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure D. was too negativeC. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cureWhat does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques? A. A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach. B. Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable. C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. D. Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach.C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. A. auditory hallucinations B. manic episodes C. paranoia D. visual hallucinationsB. manic episodesAnti-anxiety agents work by ________. A. altering levels of neurotransmitters B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine C. depressing central nervous system activity D. improving the ability to focus on tasksC. depressing central nervous system activityAccording to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors? A. client's characteristics, values, preferences, and culture B. clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex D. use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for client's issueC. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sexWhat is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? A. client's early infancy B. client's present and future C. client's recent past D. client's unconscious desiresB. client's present and futureWhat principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A. behavior affects social interaction B. emotions affect thoughts C. social interaction affects emotions D. thoughts affect behaviorD. thoughts affect behaviorWhat should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings. A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud." B. The word "childhood" should be changed to the word "infancy." C. The word "psychoanalysis" should be changed to the word "humanism." D. The word "repressed" should be changed to the word "conscious."A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? A. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. C. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. D. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams.B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.How long does psychoanalysis typically take? A. months B. one week of intensive sessions C. weeks D. yearsD. yearsWhich of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false? A. It involves dream analysis. B. It involves free association. C. It was developed by Sigmund Freud. D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. B. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. C. Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter. D. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy? A. broke their backs B. cured them C. had no effect D. put them in a comaA. broke their backsWhich mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old? A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) B. anxiety disorder C. conduct disorder D. mood disorderB. anxiety disorder