World 2022 - Final Exam (World War 2, Cold War, Decolonization, Globaliztion),

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948) Pushed for a separate Indian state that would be governed by the majority Muslim population.
Pan-Arabism
A movement that calls for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts that the Arabs constitute a single nation.
Pan Africanism
the principle or advocacy of the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africa. 1950's and 60's). Celebration of African Unity, culture in the post colonial era
Kwame Nkrumah
Examples of national leaders in Asia, the middle east and Africa who sought independence from imperial rule
Gandhi in India. Leaders of the Negritude and Pan African movement in Africa. Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish nationaist movement. Pan Arab movement that sought autonomy and independence for arab states
Examples of regional, religious and ethnic movements that challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries
Muhammad Ali Jinnah - called for a separate Muslim state in India. Would later become Pakistan

Turkish Independence Movement from England

March 4th Movement in Korea
May Fourth Movement in China
Examples of transnational movements that sought to unite people across national boundaries
Negritude movement in Africa, Pan Africanism and Pan Arabism
Examples of the migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (the former colonizing country, usually in the major cities)
Southeast Asians (India) to England and South America

Algerians to France

Filipinos to the United States

Migrant groups maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the former parent nation even after the dissolution of empires.
Examples of national leaders in Asia and Africa who sought independence from imperial rule
Gandhi

Ho Chi Minh - Vietnam
Fascism
Extreme nationalism
Glorified the military
Blamed problems on ethnic minorities
Suppressed political opposition, protests, unions
Justified violence
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

An example of Keynesian Economics or Deficit Spending. Led to Social Security, job creation programs like the Works Progress Administration, Unemployment insurance

Evidence of governments taking a more active role in economic life.
Provide Examples of governments taking a more active role in economic life.Franklin Roosevelt and the New deal. An example of Keynesian Economics or Deficit Spending. Led to Social Security, job creation programs like the Works Progress Administration, Unemployment insurance Japan - Dug itself rapidly of he depression by Devaluing their currency which made Japanese products less expensive. Enacted mercantilist policies like tariffs that protected domestic industry and encouraged exports (Cars) Increased expansion led to militarization and World War II.Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)General Francisco Franco, rose against the left-wing Republican government in Madrid. Aided by Mussolini and Hitler, Franco undertook to overthrow the Loyalist regime, which was assisted by the Soviet Union. US could have sent money to the Spanish loyalists but maintained isolationist beliefs and tried to stay out of the war. Evidence of Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict.Nuremberg Laws (1935)laws depriving Jews of their German citizenship enacted at the Nazi national convention in Nuremberg in September 1935.Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)Nazi organized riot against the Jews on November 9, 1938Scientific Racismthe use of scientific theories to support or validate racist attitudes or worldviews; also, to support classification of human beings into distinct biological racesExamples of economic crisis that led to the rise of fascist and totalitarian regimes to positions of powerGreat Depression in the U.S and Europe 1929-1940. Germany failed to pay debts and German gov't printed more money leading to inflation France and England struggled to repay U.S loans, weakening the american banking system and economy as a whole. Slowing consumer spending in the 1920's or underconsumption led to rising unemployment, forecolsures, and bankruptcies. Economic downturn sparked by Stock Market Crash in 1929 but Consumer spending was on the decline in the U.S by 1929. Led to widespread banking failures that resulted in increased under consumption which resulted in increased unemployment, bankruptcy and housing foreclosure. By 1933 Unemployment hit 30% in the U.S U.S investors removed $ from Europe resulting in economic chaos in Europe and the rise of fascism and calls for communism. FDR embraces keynsian deficit spending plan known as the New Deal to create jobs and provide welfare for the unemployed and homeless. Example of state intervention in the economyProvide Examples of Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict.Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War - Nationalists led by Franco went against loyalists (supported a republic) Received help from Hitler, Mussolini. Ruled as a military dictator until 1975Provide Examples of communist governments controlling their national economies, often through repressive policies and with negative repercussions for their populations.Lenin's New Economic Plan in 1921 was a reaction to the Russian civil war. To remedy economic hardships. Lenin did retreat from communist command policies and allowed farmers to sell products privately and allowed for increased private trade. Joseph Stalin increased government control of the economy in 1925. Five Year Plan to increase industrialization and collectivism. Farmland was taken from private farmers and given to large government run farms called collectives. Peasants were forced to work on these farms and reach government set goals. It was the elmination of private land ownership and the forced redistribution of land, livestock and tools.appeasement policyA policy advocated by the British and French toward the Germans following World War I. The hope was to maintain peace by allowing Hitler to annex the Sudentenland region of Czechoslovakia. Hitler ultimately broke the Munich Pact and invaded CzechoslovakiaIsland Hopping Campaignseries of amphibious landings by Allied forces in the pacific during WW2 in which the allied forces - combined land, sea and air - fought back, recaptured islands from Japanese forces or blocked their connection with home bases.Hiroshima and Nagasakinuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman. Truman sought to limit allied casualties that would have occurred in a land invasion of Japan and to end the war in order to stop future Soviet Invasions of China, Japan and the rest of Asia.Examples of German and Japanese Expansion before WWII?German takeover of Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Japanese takeover of Manchuria, China, and Vietnam.Examples of atrocities, acts of genocide, or ethnic violenceRwanda genocide German Holocaust Armenian Genocide - Bosnian Genocide - Darfur GenocideExplain the factors that led to German and Japanese ExpansionGerman and Japanese quest for colonies or "Lebensraum" or living space. Germany sought lands for farming to feed a growing population and be less dependent on other nations. Japan sought natural resources such as oil and coal to fuel their growing industries. Germany sought to obtain land taken from them after WWI as per the Treaty of VersaillesProvide Examples of new international organizations formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperationLeague of Nations: United Nations