Nutrition midterm exam 1-10

Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?
a. carbohydrate intake
b. protein intake
c. fat intake
d. kilocalorie intake
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Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?
a. carbohydrate intake
b. protein intake
c. fat intake
d. kilocalorie intake
d. kilocalorie intake
Each is true regarding weight maintenance, except one. which is the exception?
a. 1600 to 2400 are recommended for adult women
b. 2000 to 3000 kcal are recommended for adult men
c. kilcalories from alcohol do not count because they are expended rapidly
d. a patient needing 2000 kcal/day should limit saturated fat intake to 20 g or less
c. kilocalories from alcohol do not count because they are expended rapidly
Each nutrient provides energy, except one. which one is the exception?
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. fats
d. vitamins
e. alcohol
c. fats
Each daily reference value (DRV) is correct except one
a. protein: 50 g
b. carbohydrate 300g
c. total fat:< 65 g
d. sodium < 2400 mg
e. fiber: 50 g
e. fiber: 50 g
Each is true regarding body weight in relation to height, except one?
d. BMI reveals significant details about overall body composition
Each is a major area of biochemistry, except one
a. structure
b. function
c. metabolism
d. bioinformation
b. function
The biological function that plants use to make carbohydrate animals can use for energy and oxygen is called:
a. oxidation-reduction
b. condensation
c. hydrolysis
d. photosynthesis
d. photosynthesis
Which function has the least priority for protein?
a. energy storage
b. providing structure
c. muscle contraction
d. catalyzing reactions
e. regulating metabolism
a. energy storage
Enzymes perform all the chemical reactions of metabolism involving degradation and biosynthetic biomolecules required for life. Proteases, amylases, and lipases are enzymes
t/f
a. both statements are true
Cholesterol is the precursor of steroid hormones bile acids, and the lipid-soluble vitamin D
t/f
true
During the Krebs cycle, complete aerobic oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) produces each of the folling except one. a. co2 b. h2o c. atp d. amino acidsd. amino acidsThe hydrophilic nature of lipids make them retain water t/fFalseEach is a portion of the alimentary canal except one a. oral cavity b. pharynx c. larynx d. esophagus e. small intestinec. larynxLoss of smell results in a condition that limits capibility to detect flavor of food and drink a. hypergeusia b. dysgeusia c. anosmia d. phantom taste e. peristalsisc. anosmiaDuring peristalsis, doorlike mechanisms called valves or sphincter muscles perform all of the folling functions, except one a. retain food in each segment until mechanical actions is complete b. allow measured amount of food to pass to next segment c. synthesize dietary enzymes necessary for chemical digestion d. prevent food from "backing up" into the preceding areac. synthesize dietary enzymes necessary for chemical digestionEach description of taste papillae is true, except one. a filiform papillae provide no sense of taste b. taste papillae appear on the tongue as large red spots or small bumps c. taste papillae are most numerous on the dorsal epithelium of the tongue d. taste papillae replace themselves every 3 to 10 daysb. taste papillae appear on the tongue as large red spots or small bumpsEach is a function of saliva, except one a. saliva is essential to gustatory sensations b. saliva lubricates oral tissues c. saliva provides antibacterial action d. saliva buffers bacterial acids e. saliva extracts calcium and phosphate from demineralized tooth surfacese. saliva extracts calcium and phosphate from demineralized tooth surfacesHydrolysis of a starch begins in the oral cavity by which enzyme a. salivary amylase b. protease c. pancreatic amylase d. sucrasea. salivary amylaseAn adult somach functions as a reservoir to hold an average meal for 6 to 8 hours. The rate of passage through the stomach (fastest to slowest) is liquid carbohydrates, proteins, and fats a. tt b. ff c. tf d. ftd. ftMost absorption of nutrients occurs in the stomach because the gastric juices secreted by the stomach effectively hydrolyze and prepare nutrients for absorption t/fFalseMost nutrients are absorbed in the small intestines. The large intestines reabsorbs water and electrolytes and forms a residue called feces 1. tt 2. ff 3. tf 4. fta. ttEach is true of microflora within the colon, except one a. approximately 50 different species of microorganisms compose the microflora b. microflora break down substances that human enzymes are unable to digest c. Vitamin K and numberous B vitamins are synthesized by the microfloraa. approximately 50 different species of microorganisms compose the microfloraCooking decreases the digestive process of some polysaccharides T/ffalseWhich monosaccharide is the most sweet a. glucose b. dextrose c. fructose d. sucrosec .fructoseWhich animal-derived food contains the most significant level of carbohydrates a. egg b. beef c. milk d. poultryc. milkEach would be a good source of soluble fiber to recommend to a patient with diarrhea, except one a. bran b. apples c. ripe banana d. legumesa. branEach is associated with increased dental erosion except one a. frequent consumption of acidic beverages b. increased salivary flow c. prolonged holding of food in the mouth d. gastrointestinal reflux disorder (GERD)b .increased salivary flowWhich snacks would be the best choice for a dental hygienist to recommend to reduce the risk of dental caries. a. peanut butter and crackers b. cheese cubes c. caramel candy d. raisinsb. cheese cubesFor individuals with diabetes, a blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic. A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hyperglycemia tt ff tf ftFFThe type of vegetarian most at risk for nutrient deficiencies is the: a. vegan b. lacto-ovo vegetarian c. ovo-vegetariana. veganIndispensable amino acids are essential for the body and must be obtained from the diet t/fTrueEach statement regarding protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is true, except one a. PEM is usually accompanied by other nutritional deficiencies b. PEM affects the whole body c. PEM during prenatal and postnatal stages can be reversed through proper nutrition during early childhood d. PEM can be caused by impaired digestion on absorption of proteinc. PEM during prenatal and postnatal stages can be reversed through proper nutrition during early childhoodEach is a characteristic manifestation of NUG except one. a. gingival erythema b. necrosis of interdental papilla c. marasmus d. metallic taste and foul odorc. marasmusHydrogenation results in naturally unsaturated vegetable oils being changed to saturated fatty acids. (SFAs) T/fTrueWhich is NOT a component of a lipoprotein a. Omega-3 b. triglycerides c. phospholipids d. cholesterola. Omega-3Cholesterol intake is essential T/FTrueStated in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), which optimal level is not correct a. total cholesterol should be less than 150 b. low-density LDL should be less than 100 c. HDL should be greater than 60 d. triglyceride should be less than 150a. total cholesterol should be less than 150.The thalamus gland, located in the center of the brain, is important in controlling hunger because contains both a satiety and hunger center T/FFalseApproximately 90% to 95% of Americans with diabetes have type 2 diabetes mellitus. This forms the disease results from insulin resistance a. TT b. FF c. TF d. FTTTEach is true of water-soluble vitamins, except one a. They have vital roles as enzymes b. they must be consumed daily c. Vit C is a water-soluble vitamin d. The body stores ver small amounts of water-soluble vitaminsa. They have vital roles as enzymesWhich vitamin acts most like a hormone a c d eVitamin DEach correlation betwwen vit D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. a. The body has the ability to produce adequate amounts of vit D from sunligh b. UV radiation penetrates uncovered skin and converts a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3. c. Sunscreen does not block the formation of vitamin D3.C. Sunscreen does not block the formation of vitamin D3.Each is true of rickets, except one. a. rickets is due to vitamin D deficiency in children usually ages 1-3 b. rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency. c. A narrow and distorted chest occursB. rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiencyEach is true of osteomalacia, except one. a. due to vitamin D deficiency in adults b. osteomalacia is characterized by decreased bone mineralization c. It can lead to deformities of the limbs, spine, thorax, and pelvis d. Oral manifestions include increased dental cariesd. Oral manifestations include increased dental cariesThe best source of phosphorus is a. whole grain products b. fruits and veggies c .legumes d. animal proteind. animal proteinIn which situation is fluoridated drinking water more likely to result in mild fluorosis a. 1 ppm in a 4 year old b. 3 ppm in a 6 year old 8. ppm in a 7 year old d. 10 ppm in an 18 year oldb. 3 ppm in a 6 year oldMagnesium is the third most prevalent mineral in teeth. Enamel contains about three times more magnesium that dentin. T/FTrueSelenium functions mainly as a cofactor for an antioxidant enzyme that protects membrane lipid proteins, and nucleic acids from oxidative damage T/FTrueHigh doses of zinc supplements decrease copper absorption T/FTrueIn which situation is fluoridated drinking water more likely to result in mild fluoro2sis a. 1 ppm in a 4 year old b. 3 ppm in a 6 year old c. 8 ppm in a 7 year old d. 10 ppm in an 18 year oldb. 3 ppm in a 6 year oldEven trace amounts of mercury can cause neurologic and developmental problems in infants and young children T/FTrueEach is true of the effects of lead, except one. a. Lead is more readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract during infancy and early childhood than in adulthood b. milk intake results in increased levels of lead c. the EPA requires water systems to control the levels of lead to less than 15 ppm d. Lead toxicity damages the central nervous system, kidneys, and ability to produce red blood cells.b. milk intake results in increased levels of leadDental caries can be reduced because aluminum enhances the uptake and retention of fluoride and enhances the cariostatic activity of fluoride T/fTrueWhich mineral is most closely associated with insulin metabolism a. chromium b. copper c. Molybdenum d. borona. chromiumKeshan disease is metabolic disorder in which large amounts of copper accumulate in the liver, kidney, brain, and cornea T/fFalseFluoride is advantageous to dental health because of its systemic effects before tooth eruption and topical effects after tooth eruption T/fTrue