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APUSH Chapter 21: Urban America & the Progressive Era 1900-1917

Terms in this set (35)

"progressives"
shared a fundamental belief that America needed a new social consciousness to cope with new changes
Social Darwinism
application of Darwin's Theory of biological evolution to society holding the fittest at the top --> did NOT fit in the Progressive Era
Prohibition
A ban on the production, sale, and consumption of liquor; achieved temporarily through state laws and the 18th Amendment
National Municipal Leauge
led a "good government" movement that fought to make city management a non-partisan & even non-political process by bringing the administration techniques of large corporations to cities
"honest graft"
making money from inside information on public improvements
Wisconsin Idea
the application of academic scholarship and theory to public needs: supported by many states
INITIATIVE
procedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through petition signed by a specific number of voters
REFERENDUM
submission of law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejectino
DIRECT PRIMARY
allowed voters to cross party lines; DEMOCRATIZED the nomination process
RECALL
the process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote
Muckracking
a term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt for "racking the muck" of American society; a journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils
(1905) Lochner vs. New York
Judge Holmes ruled that a 10-hour day for bankers was wrong
(1908) Muller vs. Oregon
Court upheld law limiting maximum hours for working women
"liberty of contract 'is not absolute'.
The Prohibition Movement
movement to ban the consumption of liquor and led to more racism and xenophobia among and towards immigrants
Social Evil
push to eliminate prostitution and gambling --> unsuccessful
(1910) Mann Act
Made the transport of women across state lines, for immoral purposes, illegal
(1909) National Board of Censorship - NBC
established to create revenue in the theaters and by 1914, the board was reviewing 95% of the nation's film output
(1917) Smith-Hughes Act
provided federal grants to support educational endeavors by both male (metal, carpentry, machines) and female (typing, bookkeeping, sewing, cooking, home ec) students

ALSO set up a Federal Board for Vocational Education
(1909) The Uprising of 20,000
a three month strike demanding union recognition throughout NY's garment district; drew support from suffragists, trade unionists, and sympathetic middle class women

--> did not become recognized and returned back to work, but drove unskilled workers to organize and opened the doors to women involvment in the
(1900) International Ladies Garment Workers Union
gained strength and negotiated contracts throughout clothing factories
(1911) Triangle Shirtwaist Company
A fire started that killed 146 people: led to New York State Factory Investigation Commission that conducted on-site inspections that led to state laws improving factory safety conditions
(1913) Ludlow's Massacre
Strikers in Colorado murdered by privately hired army and enraged the country
Wobblies
Popular name for the members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
village bohemians
influential fine artists -- open to socialism and anarchism
talented tenth
the top African American students that received financial aid for college through W.E.B.Dubois
(1905) Niagara Movement
African American group organized to promote racial integration, civil, & political rights, & equal access to economic opportunity
(1910) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - NAACP
Interracial organization co-founded by W.E.B. Dubois dedicated to restoring African American political and social rights
(1906) Hepburn Act
Strengthened the ICC by authorizing it to set maximum railroad rates and inspect financial records
Food and Drug Act
established the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which tested and approved drugs before they went on the market
(1912) New Freedom
Woodrow Wilsons program for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the restrictive influences of trusts and protective tariffs, thereby providing opportunities for individual achievement
(1913) Underwood-Simmons Act
Reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income
(1913) SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT
authorized a federal income tax
(1913) Federal Reserve Act
law that revised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System
(1914) Clayton Antitrust Act
Replaced the old Sherman Act as the nation's basic antitrust law --> it exempted unions from being construed as illegal combinations in restraint of trade, and it forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions against strikers
(1914) Federal Trade Commission - FTC
Government agency established to provide regulatory oversight of business activity
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...