PsychSoc Quiz 2

Grief definition
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Terms in this set (77)
Grief definition
intense set of emotional reactions in response to a real, imagined, or anticipated loss

subjective feeling precipitated by loss; synonymous with sorrow; intense emotional suffering
Bereavement Definition
State of being deprived of someone by death and being a state of mourning
3 types of grief
Real
Imagined
Anticipated
Real Grief
a recognizable event

car accident, tragedy, death
Imagined Grief
pretense, assumption, or fantasy of what might have been

such as the perfect child, unfulfilled promises and dreams
Anticipated grief
expecting or preparing for impending loss

terminal illness, divorce, soldiers in combat
5 stages of grief
shock and denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
the process of mourning stages
preoccupation
disorganization
reorganization
preoccupation
thoughts are focused on the decreased person
disorganization
suffering, turmoil, despair
reorganizationnormal functioning and behavior are restoredAcute grieftransient, painful progressive mixing in of positive emotions, acceptance, forgiveness, understanding, compassion making meaning of the situationChronic Griefperson emotionally paralyzed for a long period of time can look like depression may lead to substance abuse for escapeComplicated griefdisruption in the normal grief process which prohibits healthy closure and healing may be prolonged, delayed, distorted, absent, excessive or trauma relatedphysiological techniques to promote grievingsleep exercise nutrition vitamins breathing exercises relaxationpsychological techniques to promote grievingcognitive behavioral therapy journal writing poetry writing letter writing art therapy music therapy animal assisted therapyDifference between grief and depressionGrief is situational, can continue to function, changes in feeling Depression lasts greater than 2 weeks, hopelessness, can be component of grieving process, thoughts of death or self-harmClinical Depression (MDD, Unipolar)major depressive disorder severe form of depression with consistent symptomsPost-partum depressionafter women gives birth related to several triggers, primary trigger is significant hormonal changes after she delivers can also have post adoptive depressive syndromeManic/Bipolar depressionvery big waves, periods of very high happy and motivated, talking fast, fast decisions and then very low lows don't live in the middle very oftenseasonal depressionchanges in weather and the sun more prevalent in northSituational depressionadjustment disorder with depression begins to develop depression based significantly on a change that has happened in their lifePersistent Depressioncontinues, long term, chronic depression looks in terms of 2 yearsPremenstrual dysphoric disorder depressionsignificant changes in mood, mood regulation, emotional regulation linked to hormonal changesAtypical depressionpatient has pervasive depressive sx but can also experience happiness and brightness in good situations not too high, not too low, but able to come out of it and feel joy in appropriate situationsDepressive psychosisdepression attached to an individual who has lost touch with realityDeterminants to be clinically diagnosed with depressionsx must be present for at least 2 weeks for all major types of depression most of the day everydayStress-diathesis model for depressionall capable of developing depression suffering factors and risk factors that can turn that gene onLearned helplessness model for depressionyou have desired outcome that is not possible or change that a bad outcome is going to happen, you give up the ability to have control expect nothing to changeReinforcement model for depressionwhen you're not getting positive feedback or reward, you then develop the idea that no matter what you do it's not enough linked to an idea of perfectionism which can trigger depressionBeck's cognitive theory model for depressionNegative thoughts trigger changed in the brain, create negative thoughts about the world and how you see the worldInflamed mind theory model for depressionnewer in the presence of depression, there is a significant amount of cytokines crossing the BBB Markers of inflammation found in the brain, person often has depressionCommon physiological causes for depressiongenetics medications substance abuse alterations in neurotransmitters disease inflammationGeneralized anxiety disordersevere ongoing anxiety that interferes with your daily function worry thought that causes interruption in your dayobsessive compulsive disorderexcessive obsessive thoughts that drive a specific behaviorPanic disorderperson has unexpected but repeated episodes of a panic attack not triggers by anything specific, but swell of intense fear and anxiety that causes a lot of physiological sxPTSDinability to recover psychologically from an event that happened to them or that they witnessedsocial anxiety disordereveryday interactions elicit irrational fear and severe self-consciousness and sometimes embarrassment they try to avoid doing anything in groupstrauma broad definitioncan be considered as ANY distressing event that falls beyond the normal human experienceBig T Traumasmost commonly associated w/ PTSD serious injury, sexual violence, life-threatening expereince, death of loved one, witnessing big TLittle T Traumaeffect individual on personal level but do not fall into Big T category non-ilfe-threatening injury, death of pet, emotional abuse, bullying, loss of significant relationship, accumulation of microtraumas can lead to seirous mental health challengesEustressneed some positive stress to get things done good thingDistressnegative stress acute and chronicacute stressin the moment, change in HR, change in thinkingChronic stressrepetitive things that continue throughout your day that wear on youDeliriumacute change in mental abilities and awareness usually temporary and treatable can be linked to ETOH withdrawal, medications, drugs, lack of sleep, infection, fever, extreme emotional stress, nutritional depletionsDementiacluster of sx impacting cognitive abilities not normal part of agingWhat is epigenetics?the study of factors outside of the genetic make-up that serve to regulate gene expressionDNA code is determined by the order of 4 chemical basesAdenine Cytosine Guanine ThymineWhat is a histoneWraps around the DNA to provide a sense of structure to the DNAMethylationadds a positive charge and tightens the wrap and decreases the transcriptionAcetylationLoosens the wrap negative charge? increase transcription?Non-coding RNAsinvolved in many aspects of the actual reading and creation of the protein when interrupted, it causes changes in the sequenceFODMAP dietrestricts fermentable carbs irritating to the gut lining for some people put in place for people with IBS, IBD, CBO, RAOrnish Dietcardiac diet - effort to manage heart disease low fat, no refined carbs, low animal proteins Found to sometimes completely reverse heart diseasePlant Based DietTake out animal products for the most part similar to vegan but not quite as restrictiveKeto DietHigh healthy fat and high protein with low carb content energy source becomes fat which gives off ketones can help with seizure disorder, ADD, ADHD good way to lose weightPaleo diethunter gatherer diet no prepacked, all natural products found in nature or you can hunt protein via animal products, eggs, berries, vegetablesMediterranean DietBlue zone. = areas of the world where longevity has been the highest high in healthy fats, oils, avocados, nuts, seeds, spices, plant-based foods, fish, seafood heart healthy someone go on if have cardiovascular diseaseVeganvery restricted eliminates all animal products completely more heart healthy and lower levels of inflammation than the standard American dietPescatarian DietVegetarian but eats fishVegetarianNo meatRefinedoutside of the grain is stripped left with the glucose component, strip away the fiber and protein this is what makes it a white carbsaturated fatsharder to digest and not utilized by the body for any real energy sourceunsaturated fatsneed these to function and create certain chemical reactionsCommon barriers to good nutritionLack of knowledge/education Financial Cooking resources Lack of time All or nothing mentality Feeling deprivedUnique challenges for athletes in PTSports Specialization Risk for disordered eating patterns Concussions Financial ties to performance Conflicting opinionsCommon Psychological challenges for athletesPerfectionism Over-reactivity Disrupted breathing patterns (anxiety) Burnout Negativity bias Performance anxietyStages of change from the patient's perspective - motivational interviewingPrecontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action MaintenanceMotivational interviewingPatient centered, humanistic approach to learning about the client's perspective focuses on ideas that come from the patient rather than the therapist resistance met with reflection rather than correction4 elements of motivational interviewingCOLLABORATION between the practitioner and client EVOKING or drawing out the client's ideas about change Emphasizing the AUTONOMY of the client Practicing COMPASSION in the processTherapeutic Environment - AttendingBeing present physically and psychologically SOLAR part of first impressionsTherapeutic Environment - Listeningessence of good listening is empathyOARSOpen ended questions Affirmation Reflections Summary PLUS = giving information and advice with PERMISSION ONLYErrors when using open ended questionsasking double/triple questions without allowing a response first asking poor open ended questions not relevant to progress not listening to answer because constructing next questionSimple Reflectionrephrase mirror what the patient has saidHigher Level Reflectionuse a metaphor amplification double-sided