Pulmonary Chapter 7 Exam

Which of the following are examples of weak acids? I. Acetic acid II. Hydrochloric acid III. Carbonic acid a. II only b. I and III only c. I and III only d. I and III onlyc. I and III onlyWhat is defined as a proton acceptor? a. protein b. buffer c. base d. acidc. baseWhat is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration? a. buffer b. pH c. acid d. HCO3-b. pHBelow what pH is a solution considered acidic? a. 9 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7d. 7What is the term for the ability of an acid-base mixture to resist sudden changes in pH? a. ionization coefficient b. buffer action c. ionization rate d. dissociation coefficientb. buffer actionWhat substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates? a. bicarbonate ions and proteins b. bicarbonate ions and OH- c. bicarbonate ions and OH- d. bicarbonate ions and waterc. bicarbonate ions and OH-Under normal conditions, what is the ratio between bicarbonate ions and H2CO3 in arterial blood? a. 10:1 b. 1:10 c. 1:20 d. 1:20d. 1:20Compared to the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular fluid, how effective is the phosphate buffering system? a. about twice as effective b. about 6 times more effective c. about one-sixth as effective d. about half as effectivec. about one-sixth as effectiveWhich system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering systems combined? a. renal system b. hepatic buffering system c. respiratory system d. gastric buffering systemc. respiratory systemWhat is the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO2 eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO2 produced at the tissue cells? a. hypoventilation b. hyperperfusion c. hyperventilation d. hypoperfusiona. hypoventilationWhich of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids? I. Phosphate buffer system II. Protein buffer system III. Respiratory system IV. Renal system a. IV only b. I, II, and IV only c. III and IV only d. I and II onlya. IV onlyWhich of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular fluids? I. Phosphate buffer system II. Protein buffer system III. Respiratory system IV. Renal system a. III and IV only b. IV only c. III only d. I and II onlyb. IV onlyHow does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the bicarbonate ion? a. six times more powerful b. twenty times more powerful c.one-twentieth as powerful d. one-sixth as powerfulb. twenty times more powerfulWhen acute ventilatory failure is present, which of the following would be true? a. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range b. PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 within normal range c. PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range d. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal rangea. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal rangeWhen partially compensated respiratory acidosis is present, which of the following would be true? a. PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range b. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range c. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range d. PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 within normal rangec. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal rangeWhen acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present, which of the following would be true? a. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range b. PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 above normal range c. PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range d. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal rangeb. PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 above normal rangeWhat is another term for acute ventilatory failure with partial renal compensation? a. partially compensated respiratory acidosis b. acute alveolar hyperventilation c. chronic alveolar hyperventilation d. compensated respiratory acidosisa. partially compensated respiratory acidosisWhen chronic ventilatory failure with complete renal compensation is present, which of the following will be within normal limits? I. PaCO2 II. pH III. HCO3- a. II only b. II and III only c. I and II only d. I , II, and IIIa. II onlyWhich of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure? I. COPD II. Histoplasmosis III. Kyphoscoliosis IV. Chronic tuberculosis a. I and IV only b. I, II, and III only c. I, II, III, and IV d. I onlyc. I, II, III, and IVWhich of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure? I. Guillian-Barre syndrome II. General anesthesia III. Head trauma IV. Myasthenia gravis a. I, II, III, and IV b. I, II, and IV only c. II and III only d. I and IV onlya. I, II, III, and IVWhat is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation? a. metabolic alkalosis b. respiratory alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. metabolic acidosisb. respiratory alkalosisWhen acute alveolar hyperventilation is present, which of the following would occur? a. PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO3- is within normal limits b. PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal, and HCO3- is above normal limits c. PaCO2 is below normal limits and pH and HCO3- are within normal limits d. PaCO2, pH and HCO3 are all below normal limitsa. PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO3- is within normal limitsWhich of the following are common causes of acute alveolar hyperventilation? I. Hypoxia II. Brain inflammation III. Stimulant drugs IV. Pain, anxiety, and fear a. I, II and III only b. II, III, and IV only c. I , II, III, and IV d. I, II, and IIIc. I , II, III, and IVWhat is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis? a. hypoxemia b. pneumothorax c. fear and anxiety d. paina. hypoxemiaHow does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation? a. respiratory acidosis b. metabolic acidosis c. metabolic alkalosis d. It can't without the administration of supplemental oxygenb. metabolic acidosisWhen chronic alveolar hyperventilation is completely compensated, which of the following would occur? a. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be higher than normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal b. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normal c. PaCO2 and pH will be within normal limits and HCO3 will be below normal d. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be lower than normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normalb. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO3- will be lower than normalWhat changes would you expect in acid base balance in acute metabolic acidosis? a. pH would be below normal range and HCO3- would be normal b. pH would be below normal and HCO3- would be above normal limits c. pH and HCO3- would be above normal limits d. pH and HCO3- below normald. pH and HCO3- below normalWhat of the following can be used to determine the underlying cause of metabolic acidosis? a. ABG b. liver enzyme panel c. anion gap d. urinalysisc. anion gapWhat is the most common cause of an elevated anion gap? a. hypoventilation b. hyperventilation c. accumulation of fixed acids in the blood d. depletion of fixed acids from the bloodc. accumulation of fixed acids in the bloodWhat is the normal range for the anion gap (in mEq/L)? a. 15-18 b. 5-8 c. 18-21 d. 9-14d. 9-14Which of the following are causes of metabolic acidosis? I. Diabetic ketoacidosis II. Salicylate intoxication III. Severe diarrhea IV. Renal failure a. I and III only b. I, II, III, and IV c. I, II and III only d. II and III onlyb. I, II, III, and IVWhich acid base abnormality is suspected when a patient presents with Kussmaul's breathing and a fruity breath odor? a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory alkalosis d. respiratory acidosisa. metabolic acidosisWhich of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis? a. pH would be above normal limits and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal range b. pH, PaCO2, and HCO3- would be below normal limits c. pH would be above normal limits, PaCO2 would be above normal range, and HCO3- would be below normal range d. pH would be normal and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal limitsb. pH, PaCO2, and HCO3- would be below normal limitsWhich acid base abnormality would likely occur in a patient with acute ventilatory failure who has a complete cardiac and respiratory arrest? a. combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis b. respiratory acidosis c. metabolic acidosis d. combined metabolic and respiratory acidosisd. combined metabolic and respiratory acidosisWhat is the interpretation of the acid base status for the following ABG: pH 7.08. PaCO2 75 mmHg, HCO3- 20 mEq/L a. combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis b. acute metabolic acidosis c. acute respiratory acidosis d. combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosisa. combined metabolic and respiratory acidosisWhich acid-base abnormality would be present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.52, PaCO2 42, and HCO3- of 30 mEq/L? a. respiratory alkalosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. combined respiratory and metabolic alkalosis d. metabolic acidosisb. metabolic alkalosis

Pulmonary Chapter 7 Exam

Other sets by this creator

Verified questions

Recommended textbook solutions

The Human Body in Health and Disease

Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing

Essentials of Medical Language

Mecânica dos Materiais

Other Quizlet sets