BIO 203: Module 12

Which of the following is not a secondary immune tissue?
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 23
Terms in this set (23)
Which of the following is not a secondary immune tissue?
Thymus
Which of the following are phagocytic cells? Select the single best answer.

-Macrophages
-neutrophils
-dendritic cells
-All of the above.
All of the above.
Swelling due to bulk flow from the plasma into the interstitial fluid is the result of decreased protein permeability in the capillaries.
False
Which of the following statements are correct? Choose all of the correct answers.
-A person with a low number of white blood cells could have difficulty in fighting infections.
-Platelets are more numerous than white blood cells, but contribute less volume to blood than white blood cells.
Platelets can synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
True
If an individual failed to develop any mature lymphocytes, they would have lessened innate responses to infection and lessened adaptive responses to infection.
True
What type of B cell does not secrete many antibodies during a primary immune response, but is very important for a secondary immune response?
Memory B cells
Which of the following statements about Cytotoxic T cells are true? Choose all of the correct answers.
-Cytotoxic T Cells express TCRs.
-Cytotoxic T cells interact with antigens bound to Class I MHC molecules on other cells.
-Activation of Cytotoxic T cells requires the membrane protein CD8.
Which of the following statements about Helper T cells are true? Choose all of the correct answers.
-Helper T Cells express TCRs.
-Helper T cells interact with antigens bound to Class II MHC molecules on other cells.
-Activation of Helper T cells requires the membrane protein CD4.
Production of which of the following types of proteins during an innate immune response would directly lead to the lysis of invading bacterial cells?
Membrane attack complex
Both inflammation and fever result in an increase in the temperature set point of the body.FalseAre the following types of cells adaptive immune cells, innate immune cells or not immune cells? note: Although the two branches of the immune system interact with each other, cells are categorized as innate or adaptive by the types of microbial molecules they bind to. 1. Cytotoxic T cells 2. Neutrophils 3. Natural Killer Cells 4. Macrophages 5. B cells 6. Eosinophils 7. Helper T cells 8. Erythrocytes A. Adaptive B. Innate C. Not Immune Cells1. A. Adaptive 2. B. Innate 3. B. Innate 4. B. Innate 5. A. Adaptive 6. B. Innate 7. A. Adaptive 8. C. Not Immune CellsPlace the following events in activation of a B cell by a microbe in the order in which they would occur. -Several rounds of division occur, producing many B cells that all express the same B cell receptor. -A B cell differentiates from a lymphocyte stem cell, and the mature B cell expresses a specific type of B cell receptor on its cell membrane. -The B cell's BCR (B cell receptor) binds to a foreign antigen with high specificity and high affinity. -Second messenger signaling is activated in the B cell. -Gene expression is altered in the B cell, and the B cell begins to divide.1. A B cell differentiates from a lymphocyte stem cell, and the mature B cell expresses a specific type of B cell receptor on its cell membrane. 2. The B cell's BCR (B cell receptor) binds to a foreign antigen with high specificity and high affinity. 3. Second messenger signaling is activated in the B cell. 4. Gene expression is altered in the B cell, and the B cell begins to divide. 5. Several rounds of division occur, producing many B cells that all express the same B cell receptor.Match each immune cell with the method it uses to neutralize a pathogenic microbe that has infected a human 1. Cytotoxic T cell 2. Helper T cell 3. B cell 4. Natural Killer Cell 5. Macrophage 6. Mast Cell A. kills infected human cells after recognizing antigens displayed on MHC class 1 B. does not directly kill microbes; after recognition of a specific antigen displayed on MHC Class 2, it secretes molecules that help other cells to do so. C. phagocytoses microbes after recognizing specific antigens; secretes antibodies D. kills virus-infected human cells by releasing perforin and granzymes. E. Phagocytoses microbes after recognizing PAMPs; acts as an Antigen Presenting Cell to activate another type of immune cell F. Does not directly kill microbes; secretes histamine to initiate an inflammatory response.1. A. kills infected human cells after recognizing antigens displayed on MHC class 1 2. B. does not directly kill microbes; after recognition of a specific antigen displayed on MHC Class 2, it secretes molecules that help other cells to do so. 3. C. phagocytoses microbes after recognizing specific antigens; secretes antibodies 4. D. kills virus-infected human cells by releasing perforin and granzymes. 5. E. Phagocytoses microbes after recognizing PAMPs; acts as an Antigen Presenting Cell to activate another type of immune cell 6. F. Does not directly kill microbes; secretes histamine to initiate an inflammatory response.Place the following statements that describe the 5 steps in an adaptive immune response in the order in which they occur. -Long lived-immune cells allow the second response to a given microbe to be stronger and faster than the first response -Adaptive immune cells are born in the bone marrow, then mature in either the bone marrow or the thymus -Adaptive immune cells use specific receptor proteins to bind to antigens very specifically -Intracellular signaling pathways are initiated, causing the adaptive immune cell to change cell division, gene expression, and protein translation -Adaptive immune cells kill invading microbes, either directly or indirectly1. Adaptive immune cells are born in the bone marrow, then mature in either the bone marrow or the thymus 2. Adaptive immune cells use specific receptor proteins to bind to antigens very specifically 3. Intracellular signaling pathways are initiated, causing the adaptive immune cell to change cell division, gene expression, and protein translation 4. Adaptive immune cells kill invading microbes, either directly or indirectly 5. Long lived-immune cells allow the second response to a given microbe to be stronger and faster than the first responseWhich of the following statements describe Class I MHC molecules, and which describe Class II MHC molecules? 1. This molecule is expressed on all nucleated cells. 2. This molecule interacts with proteins expressed on the surface of Cytotoxic T cells. 3. This molecule is expressed on the surface of Antigen presenting cells. 4. This molecule is important for activating Helper T cells 5. This molecule is expressed on the surface of B cells. 6. This molecule binds to antigens that come from primarily intracellular pathogens A. Class I MHC. B. Class II MHC. C. Both Class I and Class II MHC.1. A. Class I MHC. 2. A. Class I MHC. 3. C. Both Class I and Class II MHC. 4. B. Class II MHC. 5. C. Both Class I and Class II MHC. 6. A. Class I MHC.Match each cell type with the correct description. 1. Chondrocyte 2. Osteocyte 3. Osteoblast 4. Osteoclast A. produces extra cellular matrix protein scaffold for bone B. mature bone cell C. When active, increases the extracellular calcium concentration in the ECF D. when active, decreases the concentration of calcium in the ECF1. A. produces extra cellular matrix protein scaffold for bone 2. B. mature bone cell 3. D. when active, decreases the concentration of calcium in the ECF 4. C. When active, increases the extracellular calcium concentration in the ECFA person is out fishing and cuts their finger with a fillet knife. Although the wound is small, the laceration provides an entry point for bacteria (Vibrio vulnificus), which invade the tissue. Describe the steps that would be employed by a neutrophil to eliminate a bacterial cell. Assume that no antibodies are present that recognize the bacteria as foreign.Neutrophil --> pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) --> bind to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on bacterial surface --> phagocytosis --> enzymatic degradation of bacterial cell in phagolysosome.Vibrio vulnificus is particularly pathogenic because this strain of bacteria hides its surface molecules behind a polysaccharide coat, which prevents interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on phagocytic cells. Describe how antibodies could be employed to eliminate this bacteria in the absence of complement proteins.Antibodies --> recognize exposed surface antigens on bacterial cell --> opsins --> phagocytic cell --> endocytosisThe immune system (select the MOST CORRECT statement) a. The second exposure to a given antigen leads to a rapid adaptive immune response that reaches its peak (as measured by antibody concentration in plasma) within 3-4 days. b. Granzymes are synthesized by both cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer Cells and are stored in secretory vesicles. c. Granzymes are specialized enzymes that can diffuse across the plasma membrane of cells without the help of a channel or carrier protein. d. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect e. a), b) and c) are all correctb. Granzymes are synthesized by both cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer Cells and are stored in secretory vesicles.Immune system (select the MOST CORRECT statement) a. Although B cell receptors are expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes, they function in the tethering and trapping of foreign antigens and are not linked to intracellular signaling cascades. b. When activated by an antigen, B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion and give rise to both plasma cells and helper B cells. c. Secreted antibody molecules are derived from B cell receptors through an alternative splicing mechanism that removes the receptor's transmembrane domain. d. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect e. a), b) and c) are all correctc. Secreted antibody molecules are derived from B cell receptors through an alternative splicing mechanism that removes the receptor's transmembrane domain.Formation of a blood clot following an injury (select the MOST CORRECT statement) a. Platelets have receptors on their membranes that bind to collagen. b. The binding of exposed tissue factor to Factor VII initiates the coagulation cascade. c. The coagulation cascade leads to the deposition of cross-linked fibrin polymers, which generate a stable clot. d. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect e. a), b) and c) are all correcte. a), b) and c) are all correctInterferons (select the MOST CORRECT statement) a. Interferons are signaling molecules that act in a paracrine manner and bind to cell surface receptors on neighboring host cells. b. Activation of interferon receptors on a host cell leads to the expression of antiviral proteins that prevent viral replication in that host cell. c. The gene that encodes a given interferon is present in the viral genome and is brought into the host cell when a virus infects that cell. d. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect e. a), b) and c) are all correctd. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect