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Week 6 Quiz: Biomed Review: circulatory and endocrine systems

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A 46 y.o. patient complains about a pressure-like episodic chest pain, which is precipitated by exertion and/or stress, relieved by rest or a sublingual medication that he forgot the name of. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for the past 20 years and rarely does physical exercise. He enjoys eating fried foods and grilled beef, and hates fruits and vegetables. His father died in his forties of a "heart problem", while his mother is still alive but has "high blood sugar". What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 46 y.o. patient complains about a pressure-like episodic chest pain, which is precipitated by exertion and/or stress, relieved by rest or a sublingual medication that he forgot the name of. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for the past 20 years and rarely does physical exercise. He enjoys eating fried foods and grilled beef, and hates fruits and vegetables. His father died in his forties of a "heart problem", while his mother is still alive but has "high blood sugar". What is the most likely diagnosis?
Calcitonin
Feedback: the thyroid gland makes two hormones, thyroid hormone and calcitonin. calcitonin is involved in controlling the ionic calcium levels in the blood plasma. ACTH and GH are produced by the anterior pituitary. ACTH regulates endocrine activity of the cortex potion of the adrenal gland. GH is a general metabolic hormone and its major effects are directed to the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones. PTH- parathyroid hormone- is produced by the parathyroid gland. PTH is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood.
Sodium, potassium, and water balance
Feedback: The mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone, are produced by the outermost adrenal cortex cell layer. It is important in regulating the mineral content of the blood, particularly the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions. Their target is the kidney tubules that selectively reabsorb the minerals back into the body, or allow them to be flushed out of the body in urine.
Parathyroid hormone
Feedback: a major function of parathyroid hormone is to act as a trophic hormone to regulate the rate of formation of 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D. The mechanism by which parathyroid hormone exerts this effect may be secondary to its effects on phosphorus metabolism. Other hormones, including prolactin and estrogen, also may play a role in stimulating the production of 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D