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Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests - Pagana (6th Edition)

Terms in this set (28)

What is the purpose of diagnostic testing? (Hint: 2 reasons)
1) To confirm or eliminate the presence of a disease
2) Improve cost efficiency of test screening
Appropriate and thoughtfully timed use of diagnostic testing allows ______________________________
Monitoring of disease and treatment
True or False: tests should have to be repeated
FALSE: tests should NOT have to be repeated
Why would a test need to be repeated?
Improper patient preparation, test procedure, or specimen collection technique
Most important factor to ensure accurate and successful test results
Patient education and literacy
When should a testing process be explained to a patient?
Before, during, and after a process (all phases)
What does ICD-CM stand for?
International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification
What is the purpose of the International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD-CM)?
To code and classify morbidity data (disease)
What does PCS stand for?
Procedure coding system
What is the purpose of the ICD-Procedure Coding System (PCS)?
Used to code inpatient procedures in alphanumeric design for diagnoses and patient procedures
The ICD-10 was mandated as what in October 2014?
Mandated as a HIPAA requirement
What group develops, monitors, and copyrights the ICD-PCS?
World Health Organization (WHO)
What does the government use the ICD-PCS for?
Government health authorities can track diseases/causes of death and compare mortality
Who requires information from the ICD code?
1) Third-party health care payers and providers
2) All points of service
Each diagnostic test must reflect _______________ that most accurately identifies the ___________________.
ICD code; patient's medical condition
Precipitation is...
A visible expression of the aggregation of soluble antigens
Agglutination is...
a visible expression of the aggregation of particulate antigens or antibodies
Persistent precipitation or agglutination indicates...
Greater concentrations of the antigen or antibody
Explain the latex agglutination test.
Latex beads are coated with antibody molecules or a specific antigen and mixed with the patient's specimen; the beads become visibly obvious when agglutination occurs
Explain latex agglutination inhibition.
The patient specimen is incubated with the opposite (anti-) molecule and latex beads coated with the molecule are added to the mixture; agglutination should not occur if there is presence of the molecule
Explain hemagglutination
identify antibodies to antigens on red blood cell surface
Electrophoresis is...
The movement of suspended particles through a fluid or gel under the action of an electromotive force; the migration of the charged molecules can be separated when the force is applied to electrodes in contact with the suspension
How are proteins identified in electrophoresis?
Based on their rate of migration
Describe immunoelectrophoresis
Uses previously electrophoresed proteins as antigens; specific antibodies are added to the proteins making them identifiable and quantifiable; a specific antibody is added to the previously electrophoresed specimen; identify and quantify protein immune complexes fixed to gel
Describe immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE)
Identifies proteins that are in small quantities; a specific antibody is added to the previously electrophoresed specimen; identify and quantify protein immune complexes fixed to gel
Define the immunoassay test.
uses the binding of antibodies to antigens to identify and measure certain substances
Describe the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
Enables immunocomplexes to be detected more easily when compared to radioimmunoassay (RIA); detects antibodies/antigens by producing an enzyme-triggered color change
Describe the autoimmune enzyme immunoassay test.
Commonly used for the detection of antinuclear antibodies.
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