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Ch. 6 Art appreciation

Terms in this set (92)

Acrylic paint
A paint in which pigments are combined with a synthetic plastic medium that is durable, soluble in
water, and quick-drying. offers many of the advantage of oil paint, but "without the mess". Its a mixture of pigment and a plastic vehicle that can be thinned and washed off brushes and hands with water. Its flexible,fast drying and water soluble.No blending.
Aquarelle
A watercolor technique in which transparent films of paint are applied to a white, absorbent surface.
Buon fresco
True fresco, as executed on damp lime plaster. Contrast with fresco secco.
Egg tempera
A painting medium in which ground pigments are bound with egg yolk.
Encaustic
A method of painting in which the colors in a wax medium are burned into a surface with hot irons.
Fresco
A type of painting in which pigments are applied to a fresh, wet plaster surface or wall and thereby
become part of the surface or wall. From the Italian word meaning fresh.
Fresco secco
Dry fresco; painting executed on dry plaster. Contrast with buon fresco
Gesso
Plaster of Paris that is applied to a wooden or canvas support and used as a surface for painting or
as the material for sculpture. An Italian word meaning gypsum.
Gild
To apply gold leaf of thin sheets of a goldlike substance to a surface.
Gilding
The art or process of applying gold leaf of thin sheets of a goldlike substance to a surface.
Glaze
In painting, to coat a pained surface with a semi-transparent color that provides a glassy or glossy
finish. In ceramics, to apply a liquid suspension of powdered material to the surface of a ware. After
drying, the ware is fired at a temperature that causes the ingredients to melt together to form a
hard, glossy coating.
Gouache
A type of watercolor paint that is made opaque by mixing pigments with a particular gum binder.
Ground
The surface on which a two-dimensional work of art is created; a coat of liquid material applied to a
support that serves as a base for drawing or painting. Also, the background in a composition. See
also figure and ground.
Medium
The materials and methods used to create an image or object, as in drawing, painting, sculpture,
etc. From the Latin meaning means.
Mixed media
The use of two or more media to create a single image.
Oil paint
Paint in which pigments are combined with an oil medium.
Paint
A mixture of a pigment with a vehicle or medium.
Palette
A surface on which pigments are placed and prepared, and from which the artist works; the artist's
choice of colors as seen in a work of art.
Pigment
Coloring matter that is usually mixed with water, oil, or other substances in order to make paint.
Tempera
A kind of painting in which pigments are mixed with casein, size, or egg—particularly egg yolk—to
create a dull finish.
Vehicle
A liquid such as water or oil with which pigments are mixed for painting.
Watercolor
A paint with a water medium. Watercolors are usually made by mixing pigments with a gum binder
and thinning the mixture with water.
"lamentation"
By: Giotto (Italian Master)joints are clearly evident, particularly in the sky, where artist was not able to complete the vas expanse f blue all at once.
"The last supper"
by Leonardo da Vinci: attempted to meet these nuisances head-on, only to suffer disastrous consequences.
"Mummy portrait of a priest of Serapis"
by Hawara Egypt portrait a priest of Serapis during back to the second century CE, the medium was applied to a small portable wooden panels covered with cloth.
"Solstice"
by Kay Walkingstick: 2 flattened arcs of sharply contrasting hues are about merge in a various sea of mauve and purple. the canoe-like image although common to Native American symbolism, can also be viewed as an abstraction signifying the shifting of seasons from autumn to winter- a kind of quiet cosmological passage. she builds her textual surface through successive layers of colored wax, gouging of lower layer.Its an image of power and of solitude.
"Adoration"
by Gentile Da Fabriano: has desirable in the tempera medium can be found. The panel painting by the 15th century Aulian artist Gentile la Fabiano with griding
"Silvia"
by Frenz Gertsch: tempera on un-primed canvas old medium of old masters yields unparalleled displays of contrasting textures and sharp focused realism.
"Titan"
by Venetian artists of Renaissance achieved a remarkable sense of realism in subtly modeled flesh made possible through glazing
"George Washington"
by Roy Lichtensteing: oil on canvas contemporary portrait, an image of glamour and success. Lichtenstein capitalized on oil paints clarity and precision constructing the image from sharp of black and white and discrete lines and shapes
"George Washington"
by Gilbert Stuart: iconic 18th century portrait the one on the U.S dollar bill is an unfinished work. Realistic likeness through a fairly taut handling of the medium and the manipulation of light and shade to create a 3 dimensional effect.
"Head of St. Matthew"
by brushstrokes are thick and brusquely applied as if the head had been modeled in day with the artist's fingers. Glints of white and lighter tints of gold, red-orange, and brown visually pull the man out of the shadows and give him literal substances. The broken patches of pigment suggest movement and departure from typical "from moment concentrates out attention on another reality that of the painted surface.
"Between my eye and Heart no.12"
by Karin Davie: oil on canvas lines loop around and over each other, resting in the edges of the canvas. Blends. looks like tangled spaghetti. Overlapping hues create sense of space,with warm colors advancing and dark colors mostly receding.
"graded exposure"
by Kenneth Noland : acrylic on canvas; composed precisely delineated stipes or fields that represent abrupt transitions between variations on the color spectrum
"Mount St. Helens"
by Helen Oji: artists fills the shaped canvas with an explosion of color and texture that stimulates the unbridled power of one of the world's few active volcanoes. Kimono. Volcano image may symbolize a convergence of cultures from both sides of the Pacific.
"Punchinello with block for Parade Triple Bill"
By David Hockney : Contemporary used Gouache on paper.
"Untitled"
byRoger Shimonura: on canvas is an amusing clash of American and Japanese Pop Cultures. Donald Duck , Pinocchio, Dick Tracy, and combination of Batman superman vie for space on crowned canvas with Japanese samurai warriors and a contemporary Japanese portrait. East and West battle (ancestral roots and chosen country) self portrait as Statu of liberty.
"Rock Ola"
by Ralph Goings: watercolor on paper belie the difficulties of the watercolor medium. Its photo realism .confident strokes of color precisely define the gleaming "retro" chrome surfaces of a diner interior the classic backdrops for the counter top jukebox and standard" still life with ketchup bottle and astray." Painting emphasizes form over color, line over tonal patters.
"Still life tulips"
by Emil Nolde : watercolor on paper he was forbidden to paint by Nazi during WW2 he was enticed by the transparency of tinted was his brush and wash= atmospheric. Edges of formare softened created his explosions of blossoms through delicately balanced by the white of the paper, which is brought forward to create forms as assertive as those in color
"crash"
by John Matos : spray paint on canvas parody of his own subway style in complex canvas called "Arcadia Revisited" Tools: commercial cans of spray paint, the Ben-day dots of comic strip fame, sharp lines of the tag writers logos, the diffuse spray technique that adds dimensional to an array of otherwise flat objects are used to describe a violent clash of cultural icons that are fragmented, superimposed and barely contained within the confyness of the canvas
"the bed"
The synthetic cubists of the early twentieth century Picasso and Braque were the 1st to incorporate pieces of newsprint ,wallpaper, labels from wine bottles, and oil cloth into their paintings
Bare mediums for Howardena Pindell's Autobiography
Water/Ancestors, Middle Passage? Family Ghosts are tempera and acrylic but the work incorporates an array of techniques and substances markers, oil stick, paper, photo transfer, and vinyl tape. Artists seems to float in a shimmering pod of shallow water, while images and objects of memory seem to enter and exit her conscience all around her. African slave ship involved a reference to Pindes's African ancestry and the whitened face of the artists portrait that may have been influenced by Michael Jackson's "Thriller makeup" Resembles as much weaving as a painting further reflecting the tapestry like nature of human recollection.
"Maid Of Honour"
by Miriam Shapiro: acrylic and fabric on canvas. He combines bits of intricately patterned fabric with acrylic pigments on a traditional canvas support to contrast a highly decorative garment that is presented as a work of art. painting is a celebration of women's experiences with sewing,quilting, needlework, and decoration.
paint has been used to decorate pottery, enhance sculpture, embellish architecture, and more
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pigment
Color from paint derives from its ...
The pigment in powered form is mixed with a binding agent, or vehicle, and a solvent or medium to form paint- the liquid material that impacts color to a surface.
...
The color is derived from chemicals and minerals found in plants and animal life, clay,soil and sand.
...
it holds pigments together.
Main cuteron for a successful vehicle is that
Commonly used vehicles.
Line plaster, wax, egg,oil, acrylic,plastic, water, and gum and Arabic
Most vehicles are subject to long term problems such as caching,yellowing, or discoloration
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The task of a median is to provide fluency to the paint so that the color may be readily dispersed over the surface.
...
Water or turpentine
is frequently used as a thinning agent for this purpose.
The ancient Egyptian painted on walls(murals), sheets of papyrus,and linear
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their vase painting.
Greeks were renowned for
Historian Plingy the Elder, remarked that the painter Zeuxis was so skilled that binds tried to eat the painted grapes in one of his works
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Roman painting
...comes from the ruins of the great sites of Pompeit and Herculaneum, preserved amid the ash of the historic European of Mt. Vesuvius.
Painting came into its own during Renaissance the so called "Golden Age" of painting.
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Fresco
the art of painting on plaster
Buon Fresco
or true fresco, is executed on damp lime plaster.
Fresco secco
is painting on dry plaster
Buon fresco
the pigments are mixed only with water, and the lime of the plaster will act as a binder. As the wall dries, the painted image on it becomes permanent
fresco secco
a less permanent method-pigments are combined with a vehicle of glue that affixes the color to the dry wall
fresco painters encounters several challenges. True fresco the paint must be applied to fresh, damp plaster, artist cannot bite off more than they can chew or paint in one day. Artist try to arrange sections so joints will not be obvious. (sometimes not possible to do)
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Fresco painting
...noted for its freshness and directness of expression. Some pigments will not form chemicals bonds with lime.
Mexican muralists revived the art of fresco after WW1
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encastric
one of the earliest methods of applying color to a surface was
encaustic
consists of pigment in a wax vehicle that has been heated to a liquid state. The ancient Egyptians and Greeks tinted their sculptures with encaustic to walls, using hot irons.
Encaustic
is an extremely durable medium whose colors remain vibrant and whose surface maintains a hard luster. It is a difficult medium to manipulate : one must keep the molten wax at a constant temperature.
Tempera,
like encaustic, was popular for centuries, but its traditional composition- ground pigments mixed with a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water-is rarely used today. Tempera now describes a medium in which pigment can be mixed with an emulsion of milk,different types of glues, or gums, and even the juices and saps of plants and trees. The use of tempera date back to the Greeks and Romans. Was the exclusive painting medium of artists during the Middle Ages. Durable medium if applied to a properly prepared surface.
Tempera
dries quickly and is difficult to rework. No subtle gradations of tone. Can be applied to wood on canvas panels.
Gesso
combination of powered chalk or plaster and animal glue. Provided a smooth, glistening white surface on which to apply colon.
Gilding
the application of thinly hammered sheets of gold to the panel surface- the luminous reds and blues and pearly grays of the tempera paint provided a sumptuous display.
glaze
finishing coat over a tempera painting. Glazes are thin, transparent or semitransparent layers of air tinted with colon that impact a warm atmosphere not possible with tempera alone. Subtle tone variations.
Oil paint
consists of ground pigments combined with linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium or thinner. Naturally slow drying, but property can be accelerated by the addition of various agents to the basic mixture. Colors can be blended easily.
the first oil painting was done on wood panels, followed by a gradual shift to canvas supports. As for wood panels, the canvas surface is covered with a Gesso ground prior to painting.
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The lighter weight of canvas also allows for larger composition than were possible on wooden panels.
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unlike linsed oil, the synthetic resin of the leinder dries colorless and does not gradually comprise the brilliance of the colors
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oil and acrylic
paints produce rich color but pigment often fades and cracks over time.
longer drying= artists can rework surfaces, bend colors and apply glazes more smoothly
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Photo-realism
uses transparent watercolor ingeniously
The fluidity of water color was conducive to rapid sketches and preparatory studies.
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Spray paint
on the street called masterworks?
of animals on the walls of Paleolithic caves was probably achieved by blowing pigments onto a surface through hollowed- out creeds.
collages.
..pieces of newsprint, wallpaper,labels wine bottles, and oil cloth into their paintings these works were called pa-piers colles and have come to be called...
Watercolor
the term originally defined any painting medium that employed water as a solvent. This fresco and egg tempera have been called watercolor processes. used extensively for manuscript illumination during the middle ages
aquarelle
Today, watercolor refers to a specific technique. transparent films of paint are applied to a white, absorbent surface.
Contemporary watercolors are composed of pigments and a gum arabic vehicle,thinned of coarse with a medium of water
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Ancient Egyptian artists used a form of waterr color in their paintings
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Garache
or watercolor mixed with a high concentration of vehicle and an opaque ingredient such as chalk was the principle painting medium during the Byzantine and Romanesqu eras of christian art.
Transparent color
difficult medium to manipulate, despite its simple components
tints
are achieved by diluting the colors with various quantities of water.white does not exist... must be derived by allowing the white to "shine" though the color of the composition or by leaving areas of the paper exposed
...
...
Latter effects
all areas of whiteness must be mapped out with precision before the 1st stroke of color is applied
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...