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6.4.3 → Contraceptive Methods

Terms in this set (86)

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) how many infants were born to mothers between the ages of 15 and 19 in 2013
273,000
How does the U.S. teen pregnancy rate compare to other countries?
The teen pregnancy rate in the United States is much higher than other countries
What does STD stand for?
Sexually Transmitted Disease
What are two risks you take when becoming sexually active?
1. Getting an STD
2. Unplanned pregnancy
How does pregnancy occur?
When a sperm and egg meet and implant in a woman's uterus.
There are many effective birth control methods called _________.
Contraception
What is the only sure way to prevent pregnancy?
abstinence
What does abstinence mean?
Not having sex
What can reduce the risk of unintended pregnancies?
Contraception
Contraception is a personal issue. The method that works for one couple may not work for another. What are a few questions to ask yourself and your partner when choosing a contraceptive method
1. Effectiveness?
2. Temporary or permanent?
3. Method of usage?
4. Availability?
5. Side effects?
6. Prevent STDs?
7. Convenience?
Why is it important to know if a particular contraceptive is effective?
To know if it will prevent pregnancy and / or STD's
Why is it important to know if a particular contraceptive is temporary or permanent?
It's important to know how long it will last
Why is it important to know a particular contraceptive's method of usage?
Does this method need to be thought about every day, or is it something that is used only right before sex? Would I remember to use this method?
Why is it important to know a particular contraceptive's availability?
Does this method require a prescription, or can it be obtained over the counter at the drugstore?
Why is it important to know a particular contraceptive's side effects?
To know if it is right for you
Why is it important to know if a particular contraceptive prevents STDs as well as pregnancy?
To know if you will need something else to prevent STDs
Why is it important to know if a particular contraceptive is convenient?
Is this method convenient, and would I like using it? Would it cause embarrassment or discomfort?
_______: The practice of avoiding a certain behavior.
Abstinence
______: Procedures, devices, or drugs that prevent pregnancy.
contraception
Where can you go for more information on condom use?
https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/pdf/teen-condom-fact-sheet-english-march-2016.pdf
Many contraception options offer what percent effectiveness when used exactly as designed?
99 - 100%
Even though many contraceptives offer 99-100% effectiveness when used exactly as designed, what happens in real life?
They often have lower success rates
How does the CDC measure the effectiveness of particular contraception methods?
The effectiveness is measured by the CDC as the number of unintended pregnancies out of every 100 women using the method.
Do most contraception methods prevent STDs?
No!
List the different contraception methods in general terms?
1. Hormonal methods
2. Physical barriers
3. Spermicidal methods
4. Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
5. Emergency contraception
6. Methods of sterilization
What are hormonal methods of contraception?
Hormonal methods change a woman's hormone levels. This prevents pregnancy by interrupting her menstrual cycle.
What are the pros of hormonal methods of contraception?
highly effective
What are the cons of hormonal methods of contraception?
1. Require a prescription; must be obtained through a doctor or clinic

2. Can have side effects, such as a greater risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes
What are the different kinds of hormonal contraceptives?
1. Oral contractives (the pill)
2. taking a shot
3. patch
4. ring
5. implant
What do most people call hormonal methods of contraception (taken by the mouth)?
"the pill"
Discuss the effectiveness of "the pill"
A hormone pill is taken by mouth daily. This method is 99 percent effective when the pill is always remembered. Its effectiveness tends to average around 91 percent when pills are skipped or forgotten.
Discuss taking a shot as a hormonal method of contraception. How effective is it?
Given by a doctor every three months. This method is about 94 percent effective but includes more side effects.
Discuss the patch as a hormonal method of contraception. How effective is it?
A thin, plastic patch with a strong adhesive. The patch releases hormones through the skin and is worn for a week at a time. It is about 91 percent effective.
Discuss the ring as a hormonal method of contraception. How effective is it?
A soft, flexible plastic ring that is placed into the vagina. It stays in place around the cervix for three weeks at a time. This method provides a relatively low dose of hormones. It is about 91 percent effective when used properly.
Discuss the implant as a hormonal method of contraception. How effective is it?
A device that is surgically implanted under the skin of a woman's upper, inner arm. This is meant to be a long-term method and is about 99.5 percent effective.
Generally speaking, what are physical barrier contraceptives?
Barrier methods form a physical barrier that blocks the sperm from reaching the egg.
What are the different kinds of "physical barrier" contraceptives?
1. Male condom
2. Female condom
3. Diaphragm
What are the pros of condoms?
They are effective at preventing pregnancy; can also help to prevent STDs because they block the transmission of bodily fluids
What are the cons of diaphragms?
1. Diaphragms and cervical caps (similar to a diaphragm): Do not prevent STDs and can be less effective.

2. nott a guaranteed birth control method
Discuss male condoms. How effective are they?
A sheath of rubber or plastic that fits snugly over the man's erect penis. It remains on during sex to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. This method is about 82 percent effective.
Discuss female condoms. How effective are they?
A plastic sheath that is designed to fit inside the vagina. It collects semen after ejaculation. This method is about 79 percent effective.
Discuss diaphragms. How effective are they?
A small, dome-shaped, flexible plastic cup, which a woman fills with spermicide and inserts into her vagina before intercourse. This method has to be prescribed. It needs to be placed before sex and left for a significant time after sex. This method is about 78 percent effective for women who have never had children. Spermicidal jellies can also be harmful. This method is not usually recommended.
Are diaphragms a preferable contraceptive?
No they are not usually recommended?
Discuss spermicidal methods of contraception. Are they effective when used alone?
Spermicidal methods of contraception use chemicals to kill or immobilize sperm. This method is rarely used alone because it is not as effective as other methods. It can be used in combination with another method, such as a condom.
What are the pros of spermicidal methods of contraception?
Can kill bacteria and viruses to help provide some STD protection
What are the cons of spermicidal methods of contraception?
1. Are only about 72 percent effective when used on their own

2. Can be dangerous to a woman's body

3. Do not offer complete protection against pregnancy or STDs
What are the forms of spermicide contraception?
1. Liquids (sometimes come on pre-lubricated condoms)

2. Creams

3. Gels

4. Foams

5. Capsules
Discuss Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small plastic device that is placed by a health care provider into a woman's uterus. This method reduces the likelihood of ovulation. It also thickens the cervical mucus. This method may help block sperm getting into the uterus or reduce the likelihood of a fertilized egg implanting itself. Some IUDs can be left in the uterus for several years.
What are the pros of Intrauterine devices (IUDs)?
1. Are about 99.2 to 99.8 percent effective

2. Offer a long-term solution
What are the cons of Intrauterine devices (IUDs)?
1. Need to be inserted by a doctor

2. Offer no STD protection
What are the forms of Intrauterine devices (IUDs)?
There are many different kinds of IUDs. Some are Y- or T-shaped. Some are made of copper; some include hormones.
What is another term for "Emergency contraception"
"morning-after pill"
Discuss emergency contraception
Emergency contraception is also known as the "morning-after pill." This method is the only contraceptive designed to be used after sex. It can be taken when no other birth control method was used. It is also used when a birth control method fails. This pill works by changing the lining of the uterus. Even if an egg is fertilized by sperm in the Fallopian tube, it will not implant in the uterine wall and continue to develop.
What are the pros of emergency contraception?
Can be used after sex
What are the cons of emergency contraception?
1. Requires a prescription in most states

2. Can have side effects

3. Offers no STD protection
Generally speaking, what are "methods of sterilization" as a form of contraception?
Methods of sterilization are surgical, permanent methods of birth control for women and men. Sterilization does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases or infections.
What are the pros of methods of sterilization (contraception method)?
1. Is a one-time solution

2. Is highly effective
What are the cons of methods of sterilization (contraception method)?
1. Is a permanent decision that is difficult or impossible to reverse

2. Offers no STD protection
What are three forms of methods of sterilization?
1. Surgical vasectomy
2. Tubal ligation
3. Non Surgical vasectomy
Discuss surgical vasectomy.
A procedure that is safe and about 99.9 percent effective. A doctor makes a small incision at the top of the man's scrotum, a sack of skin that holds the testicles. The procedure blocks off each of the vas deferentia, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles. This procedure requires local anesthetic. Men who have had a vasectomy still produce male hormones, have erections, and ejaculate fluid during sex. However, the fluid contains no sperm.
Discuss surgical tubal ligation.
Tubal ligation: Called "having your tubes tied." This is a surgical procedure in which the Fallopian tubes that carry the egg to the uterus are cut or blocked. This procedure is more complicated than a vasectomy. The Fallopian tubes are harder to reach and require a longer surgical procedure. This method is about 99.5 percent effective. Women who've had their tubes tied still have female hormones and periods. They cannot get pregnant because the sperm and eggs can't meet.
Discuss Non Surgical vasectomy.
A procedure that inserts gel into the vas deferentia. This creates a barrier that prevents sperm from leaving this part of a man's body. The sperm are reabsorbed into the body. This is similar to a surgical vasectomy. The difference is that the gel can be flushed out of the body to reverse the procedure.
What is another term for tubal ligation?
"Having your tubes tied"
How effective is a surgical vasectomy?
99.9 percent effective
How effective is tubal ligation?
99.5 percent effective
The only method that helps prevent both STDs and pregnancy is ________.
condoms
The least effective pregnancy prevention method is ________.
spermicides
Known as "the pill," _________ are a pregnancy prevention method for women.
oral contraceptives
True or false. If a man withdraws before ejaculating, he can't impregnate a woman?
false
→ A small amount of sperm can be found in fluids that come out of the penis before ejaculation.
It's a _______ that withdrawal is an effective birth control method.
myth
What methods do not work for preventing pregnancy?
1. Withdrawal
2. Douching
3. Natural Family Planning (NFP)
What does withdrawal mean?
Withdrawal means pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation.
Discuss withdrawal and why it is a terrible way to prevent pregnancy.
Even before ejaculation, a small amount of pre-ejaculatory fluid is released from the penis. This cleans out the male urethra, the tube that runs along the inside of the penis. It also helps lubricate the partner's vagina. This pre-ejaculatory fluid contains sperm. That means sperm can enter the vagina before ejaculation occurs. It makes withdrawal a useless contraceptive technique.

Even if it were effective, the technique takes a lot of self-awareness and self-control.
What does douching mean?
A douche commonly involves a small plastic container with a spout on the end. This method rinses the vagina with a solution. The solution often contains vinegar or perfumes that are supposed to cleanse or deodorize the vagina.

Some people try douching after sex, thinking that this solution will somehow kill or rinse out all of the sperm. This does not work. Remember, when a man ejaculates or releases sperm, there can be up to 300 to 400 million sperm. They enter the uterus through the cervix. No amount of rinsing the vagina is going to flush out all of the sperm.
Why is douching a terrible way to prevent pregnancy?
Some people try douching after sex, thinking that this solution will somehow kill or rinse out all of the sperm. This does not work. Remember, when a man ejaculates or releases sperm, there can be up to 300 to 400 million sperm. They enter the uterus through the cervix. No amount of rinsing the vagina is going to flush out all of the sperm.
Besides being a terrible way to prevent pregnancy, why is douching bad?
Douching also changes the natural chemistry of the vagina. The solution can cause irritation or other medical problems.
Discuss Natural family planning (NFP)
This method involves a woman tracking her menstrual cycle on a graph. She pays attention to body symptoms that change slightly throughout the cycle. She takes her temperature every day and charts the results. She watches for the slight rise in temperature that might indicate ovulation. Another procedure is to watch for changes in the consistency of vaginal fluids. These changes may indicate when she's ovulating.

The idea is that if a woman knows when she is ovulating and how long an egg typically lives, she can abstain from sex on those days of the month and avoid pregnancy.

Natural family planning can present difficulties that make it inconsistent as an exclusive method of birth control. The indications of ovulation may be vague for some women. Without understanding all the symptoms, this method may not prove to be a reliable measure. The procedure also requires careful attention and action every single day.
Why is natural family planning a terrible way to prevent pregnancy?
Natural family planning can present difficulties that make it inconsistent as an exclusive method of birth control. The indications of ovulation may be vague for some women. Without understanding all the symptoms, this method may not prove to be a reliable measure. The procedure also requires careful attention and action every single day.
Which contraceptive is best?
Sheena is about to be married and is evaluating her contraceptive options. She wants something that is effective at preventing pregnancy for a few years. She is not worried about STDs since she and her fiancé have both practiced abstinence in their relationship. Both have been tested and are negative for STDs. Sheena wants a method that she doesn't have to think about very often, because she tends to be forgetful.
IUDs
Chris is currently practicing abstinence. When he and his fiancée get married, they may decide to have children very soon. He wants a contraceptive method that does not involve hormones and can be stopped at any point. His fiancée has HPV and he wants to reduce his risk of contracting the virus.
condom
Myth or Fact?: A woman cannot get pregnant the first time she has sex
Myth!
→ A woman can get pregnant at any time once her body starts ovulating, or releasing eggs from the ovaries. Ovulation usually begins between the ages of 10 and 13, but some girls start as early as 8. This is why it's very important to think about sex ahead of time. Discuss sexual limits and pregnancy prevention methods with your partner, parents, siblings, or doctor.
Myth or Fact?: A woman can get pregnant even if she didn't have intercourse
Fact!
→ In order for a woman to get pregnant, sperm need to get inside the vagina. As the vagina contains a lot of moisture, the sperm can swim through. If a man ejaculates anywhere near the opening to the vagina or the labia, it is possible for sperm to enter the vagina, uterus, and Fallopian tubes. This could lead to pregnancy.
Myth or Fact?: Abstinence is the only method of birth control that is 100 percent effective
Fact!
→ Abstinence is the only guaranteed way to avoid unintended pregnancy
Myth or Fact?: Most contraceptives prevent STDs and pregnancy
Myth!
→ Most contraceptives do nothing to protect you against STDs. A few prevent STDs by preventing the transmission of bodily fluids and minimizing skin-to-skin genital contact. These contraceptives include condoms. Some vaginal spermicides may work because they kill bacteria and viruses. All the other contraceptive methods do not prevent STDs.
Myth or Fact?: A woman can get pregnant when she's having her period
Fact!
→ A woman can get pregnant any time an egg is present in one of her Fallopian tubes. Ovulation usually happens about two weeks after the first day of her period, but this can vary. It's very hard to predict or know when an egg is present. Also, even though usually only one egg is released each month, sometimes two are released. And some women have irregular menstrual cycles. This means they have unpredictable ovulation.
What is one resource to get information about contraceptives?
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm
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