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Med Surg - Chapter 9: Shock

Terms in this set (42)

Systemic inflammatory response to an infection and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide
Sepsis
Generalized inflammatory condition that follows serious physiologic threat; characterized by damage to vascular endothelium and hyper metabolic state
SIRS
Deficiency of blood flow
Ischemia
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
Syndrome characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion resulting in impaired cellular metabolism
Shock
A pathologic condition associated with an increase in acid relative to bicarbonate content; increased hydrogen ion concentration
Metabolic acidosis
Which descriptions are related to hypovolemic shock?
- Caused by rapid blood loss, dehydration, hemorrhage, severe diarrhea or vomiting, and excessive perspiration
- Occurs when the circulating blood volume is inadequate to maintain the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissue
Which descriptions relate to distributive shock?
- Fluid pools in dependent areas of the body
- Problem is with excessive dilation of blood vessels
Which are the three types of distributive shock?
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
- Neurogenic
Myocardial contractility
Cardiogenic shock
Impaired circulatory blood flow
Obstructive shock
Blood volume loss
Hypovolemic shock
Widespread vasodilation
Distributive shock
Which medications are commonly used in the treatment of cariogenic shock?
- Inotropics
- Vasopressors
- Vasodilators
- Vasoconstrictors
Which are compensatory mechanisms in shock related to the sympathetic nervous system response?
- Decreased blood flow to the kidneys
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation
- Increased rate and depth of respirations
Following an automobile accident, a 35 year old man experienced severe hemorrhage. This type of shock is classified as
Hypovolemic
A woman experiences burns over 80% of her body. The nurse suspects she has
Hypovolemic shock
A person with severe allergic reaction that results in bronchoconstriction and increased capillary permeability. This type of shock is
Anaphylactic
Which type of shock occurs suddenly following exposure to a substance for which the patient had already developed antibodies?
Anaphylactic
The body of a patient with neurogenic shock is unable to compensate with vasoconstriction because
The vasomotor center is incapacitated
One of the effacers of shock on the neuroendocrine system is
Release of catecholamines
One of the effects of shock on the respiratory system is
Tissue hypoxia
Assessment findings in the compensatory stage are likely to include
Increased blood glucose
Which assessment data would the nurse expect to find in a patient in the end-organ dysfunction stage of shock?
Weak, thready pulse
The stage of shock in which death is imminent is known as
Refractory
The purpose of giving blood and fluids to improve cardiac output in a patient with cariogenic shock is to
Promote delivery of oxygen to cells
Which type of shock does not have replacement of fluid as a priority?
Cardiogenic
Vasopressin is given to patients with septic shock because it is
Vasoconstrictor
For which type of shock are antimicrobials prescribed?
Septic
Why is atropine prescribed for neurogenic shock?
Raise heart rate
For which type of shock are inotropic and antidysrhythmic agents prescribed?
Cardiogenic
Hypermetabolism in shock causes which type of malnutrition?
Decreased protein
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to see in a patient with septic shock that would not be present in a patient with hypovolemic shock?
Fever
The nurse is taking care of a 24 year old patient following a spinal cord injury. The nurse notices that the patient has developed hypotension and bradycardia. This type of shock is
Neurogenic
A patient who has had recent abdominal surgery has a blood pressure of 90/60 and a pulse of 120. What is the priority treatment goal for this patient?
Improve blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs
A patient has just come to the hospital system clinic with hypovolemic shock. Which position is best to maintain blood flow to vital organs for this patient?
Supine with legs elevated 45 degrees
The nurse is monitoring a patient in shock who has arrived at a community clinic. The nurse knows that improving blood flow and oxygen supply to the vital organs is necessary for this patient. Why is this a priority in shock treatment?
Brain cells die after 4 minutes without oxygen
A patient in shock has a pulse of 120, BP of 80/40, and respirations of 28. Theses signs represent
Fluid volume deficit
A patient in shock is also experiencing pain and agitation. Why is prompt treatment for pain and agitation essential for this patient?
Reduces unnecessary oxygen consumption
The nurse taking care of a patient who has been in an accident and is experiencing blood loss. Which sign should the nurse expect to see?
Increased heart rate
The nurse is taking care of a patient with congestive heart failure, resulting in inadequate cardiac output. Which problem is a priority for the nurse to address with this patient?
Inadequate peripheral circulation
A patient is being treated for hypovolemic shock. Which is the reason the nurse emphasizes handling the patient gently and coordinating care to allow time for the patient to rest?
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